Peer-reviewed Research Research Articles

Toward a whole-of-virtual school framework for promoting student physical activity: a scoping review protocol

BackgroundThe advent of full-time virtual schooling presents unique challenges and opportunities for the promotion of physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents. Despite the recognized benefits of PA as an essential component for combating non-communicable diseases and ensuring holistic development, there is a notable gap in understanding how to effectively integrate PA within the digital learning environments of full-time virtual schools. Current efforts to promote student PA are targeted for implementation exclusively in contexts characterized by physical school campuses that are bound to their surrounding local communities. This is problematic given the digital, widely distributed, and contextually unmoored nature of virtual schooling. Our aim in this scoping review is to advance research on whole-of-school physical activity promotion within full-time virtual schools by examining the published literature on whole-of-school PA promotion within full-time virtual schools. Specifically, this review will map the literature, consolidate knowledge claims and practical implications, and identify evidence gaps that merit further investigation.Methods/designThis review will be conducted using evidence-informed scoping review methodology and reporting guidelines. Articles will be included if they are peer-reviewed English-language research, commentary, practical, or grey literature and relate to the participation, support, design, development, and/or provision of remote online PA interventions delivered through primary/elementary and/or secondary/middle school/high schools. Searches will be conducted in PsycInfo, ERIC, SportDiscus, and Web of Science. Additional hand-searching, reference scans, and grey literature searches will also be performed. Two trained research assistants will independently complete study screening and selection and data charting with guidance from a senior author. Charted data will be displayed in table form, and depending on the results, data will also be synthesized through qualitative content analysis using the Active Schools guiding framework as an analytical and interpretive lens.DiscussionThis scoping review will serve as a guidepost for the application and advancement of research on whole-of-school PA promotion through full-time virtual schools. The results will address the increased importance of equitable online learning and PA promotion due to the expanding virtual education landscape, with implications for public health and education policy.Systematic review registrationOpen Science Framework: https://osf.io/f6wau/.

Exploring Risk Factors for Post-operative Complications in Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration: A Literature Review.

Gallstone-related diseases, particularly common bile duct (CBD) stones, pose a significant global health challenge. The emergence of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) has transformed the management of these conditions by offering a less invasive alternative to traditional open surgery. This literature review aims to analyze published literature to identify and understand the risk factors associated with LCBDE. The study aims to offer valuable insights that could potentially enhance patient care and outcomes in managing CBD stones. A comprehensive search of English-language studies from the past 20 years was conducted using PubMed, focusing on peer-reviewed primary research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. From 830 initial articles, 25 were selected based on relevance and availability. The review identified several key risk factors influencing LCBDE outcomes, including patient-related factors such as advanced age, high comorbidity scores, narrow bile ducts, and complex stones, which increase the likelihood of complications. Surgeon experience also plays a crucial role, with lower complication rates observed among surgeons who have performed at least 70 LCBDE procedures over a 10-year period. Additionally, procedure-related factors such as the transcystic (TC) approach, primary suture (PS) closure, and intraoperative imaging were found to reduce complication rates. LCBDE remains a promising approach for managing bile duct stones, particularly when patient, surgeon, and procedural factors are optimized.

The effect of outdoor air pollution on Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

Abstract Air pollution is one of the largest global environmental risks to public health. Over recent years, neuroimaging techniques have started to uncover the detrimental impact air pollution has had on brain health, including the development of Alzheimer’s Diseases (AD). We systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure (months to years) to outdoor air pollutants on the development of AD-like neurology. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023482979) and followed PRISMA guidelines. Four large databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL) were searched in November 2023 using terms associated with air pollution, neuroimaging, and AD. Only peer-reviewed primary research articles using neuroimaging data to examine AD-like pathology after long-term exposure to air pollutants (Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10), SO2, NO2, O3, and/or CO) were included. Titles, abstracts and full-texts were screened, and included articles were quality assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. A narrative synthesis was conducted to analyse the studies. Our search yielded 397 results, of which eight articles met our inclusion criteria. Articles focused on changes to white matter (n = 5), cortical thickness (n = 6), and grey matter (n = 2). Exposure to PM2.5 was commonly associated with white matter reductions, and PM10 and NO2 exposure was associated with reduced cortical thickness. The effect of exposure to different outdoor pollution on grey matter was inconclusive, with both increases and decreases in grey matter volume observed. This review highlighted how PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 exposure was associated with neurological changes commonly seen in AD. These findings can be used by policymakers and researchers to identify specific pollutants that need greater restrictions and regulations to improve population health. Key messages • PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 exposure are associated with neurological changes commonly seen in AD. • Greater restrictions and regulations are needed on specific pollutants to improve population health.

A Systematic Review of Literature on Student Voice and Agency in Middle Grade Contexts

This systematic review analyzes the research literature on student voice and agency in the middle grades, focusing on middle-level schools, culture, and learning environments. The idea of student voice and agency was taken up as collaborative decision-making and/or student feedback on issues related to school and pedagogy. After a comprehensive search for peer-reviewed research (2015–2024), an article review framework was developed to determine how, where, and why student voices and agency were engaged in the middle grades. Three themes characterized the research literature: (1) passive student voice and agency: researcher-driven studies to gain understanding; (2) active student voice and agency: partnering with students to improve their learning experiences; and (3) activating the inner voice and agency: helping students to reflect on their own learning. The research on student voice and agency provided information that directly and indirectly benefited students. The literature related to passive student voice and agency tended to be indirect, while active student voice and agency and activating students’ inner voice and agency tended to provide tangible and observable student benefits. While the studies were responsive to different aspects of young adolescent development and included foci on students’ social/emotional development and identity, other areas were lacking—including culturally responsive teaching, international perspectives, and sense of self/peer perceptions.

Self-directed learning and the student learning experience in undergraduate clinical science programs: a scoping review.

Health professional organisations are increasingly promoting the use of self-directed learning. Furthermore, the rapidly evolving field of healthcare has meant that there is greater emphasis within tertiary education for students to become self-directed learners and possess the skills to engage in life-long learning. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the drivers that improve the student learning experience, in undergraduate clinical science programs that utilise self-directed learning. The Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology guided this study. The electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Scopus and ERIC were comprehensively searched in April 2022 and re-run August 2023, for peer-reviewed research articles published in English. The original search was developed in MEDLINE and then adapted to each database. Following the Joanna Briggs Scoping Review methodology, articles were screened first by title and abstract and then by full text. Included articles were assessment for methodological quality. The search strategy yielded 2209 articles for screening. 19 met the inclusion criteria. Five key factors were identified which improve the student learning experience in self-directed learning: (i) curricular elements; (ii) educator influence; (iii) impact of peers, (iv) environment; and (v) clinical placement experiences. There are many curricular, environmental, and external factors which can improve the student learning experience in programs that utilise self-directed learning. Greater understanding of these factors will allow educators within clinical science programs to implement self-directed learning strategies more effectively within curriculum.

Data Ethics in Library Learning Analytics

Introduction: This study examines data handling and data ethics in library learning analytics research projects involving the use of data about students as library patrons, alongside a baseline evaluation of the benefits of library learning analytics to libraries practicing it. Methods: Citations were gathered via citation chain aggregation from the original Value of Academic Libraries report, then winnowed to projects with English-language artifacts documenting them, collection and/or analysis of library data about students, and a research question about the contribution of student library use to student success. Results and Discussion: Much of this research is reaching publication despite not employing best practices nor documenting respect for human-subjects research ethics, library-specific privacy and confidentiality ethics, and student data-privacy expectations. Very few projects create direct benefits to libraries. This result would not be possible without gaps or lapses in editorial processes, peer review, and upstream research guidance and ethics reviews. Conclusion: Ethics reforms are required at all stages of research and publication to prevent further unethical exploitation of patron data.

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Competitive Intelligence (CI) Research

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly transformed how individuals and organizations engage with their work, particularly in research and academia. Universities are urgently developing protocols for student use of large language models (LLMs) for coursework, while peer-reviewed journals and research conferences remain divided on the necessity of reporting AI assistance in manuscript development. This paper examines the diverse perspectives on LLM usage in scholarly research, ranging from concerns about contamination to recognition of its potential benefits. Building on existing literature, we explore guidelines for competitive intelligence (CI) researchers to effectively utilize GPT models, such as ChatGPT4, Scholar GPT, and Consensus GPT, throughout the research cycle. These models, developed by OpenAI, employ generative AI to produce new content based on user prompts, with output quality dependent on input specificity. Despite their recognized potential in literature reviews, qualitative analysis, and data analysis, the full capabilities of GPT models in research remain underutilized. This article provides a comprehensive guide for business researchers to integrate AI language models in planning, structuring, and executing research. Specific guidance is provided for business researchers focused on competitive intelligence.

ChatGPT as an effective tool for quality evaluation of radiomics research.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT-4o in assessing the methodological quality of radiomics research using the radiomics quality score (RQS) compared to human experts. Published in European Radiology, European Radiology Experimental, and Insights into Imaging between 2023 and 2024, open-access and peer-reviewed radiomics research articles with creative commons attribution license (CC-BY) were included in this study. Pre-prints from MedRxiv were also included to evaluate potential peer-review bias. Using the RQS, each study was independently assessed twice by ChatGPT-4o and by tworadiologists with consensus. In total, 52 open-access and peer-reviewed articles were included in this study. Both ChatGPT-4o evaluation (average of two readings) and human experts had a median RQS of 14.5 (40.3% percentage score) (p > 0.05). Pairwise comparisons revealed no statistically significant difference between the readings of ChatGPT and human experts (corrected p > 0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient for intra-rater reliability of ChatGPT-4o was 0.905 (95% CI: 0.840-0.944), and those for inter-rater reliability with human experts for each evaluation of ChatGPT-4o were 0.859 (95% CI: 0.756-0.919) and 0.914 (95% CI: 0.855-0.949), corresponding to good to excellent reliability for all. The evaluation by ChatGPT-4o took less time (2.9-3.5 min per article) compared to human experts (13.9 min per article by one reader). Item-wise reliability analysis showed ChatGPT-4o maintained consistently high reliability across almost all RQS items. ChatGPT-4o provides reliable and efficient assessments of radiomics research quality. Its evaluations closely align with those of human experts and reduce evaluation time. Question Is ChatGPT effective and reliable in evaluating radiomics research quality based on RQS? Findings ChatGPT-4o showed high reliability and efficiency, with evaluations closely matching human experts. It can considerably reduce the time required for radiomics research quality assessment. Clinical relevance ChatGPT-4o offers a quick and reliable automated alternative for evaluating the quality of radiomics research, with the potential to assess radiomics research at a large scale in the future.

Undergraduate journals and conferences: Pathways to understanding the economics profession

The Issues in Political Economy (IPE) journal and related conference sessions were established in the early 1990s as outlets for undergraduates to present and publish peer-reviewed research in economics. By providing opportunities to attend and present at professional conferences, referee papers, and edit journal issues, IPE reflects authentic practices within the profession. In this article, the authors describe the benefits that accrue to students who participate in the public dissemination of research, explain how IPE operates, offer some descriptive evidence of its success over the years, and conclude by describing how several departments have leveraged IPE to complement their curricula and build sustainable cultures of undergraduate research at their institutions.

Publishing Preparation, Experiences, and Expectations of Music Education Faculty in Higher Education

The purpose of this study was to explore research and publishing preparation, experiences, and expectations of music education faculty members employed at higher education institutions. We developed the Publishing Preparation and Expectations Survey (PPES) to examine music education faculty members’ current areas of research, peer-reviewed journals they read and published in, and their experiences with peer reviewers. Utilizing the Directory of Music Faculties from the College Music Society, we distributed the PPES to 1,081 music education faculty members across 487 higher education institutions in the United States, resulting in 179 responses. The participants self-reported as predominantly White ( n = 157, 87.7%), female ( n = 101, 56.4%), and possessing a PhD ( n = 145, 81.0%). Additionally, 83 participants (46.4%) initially submitted a research article for publication in a peer-reviewed music education journal during their doctoral programs. Participants anticipated publishing an average of 11.44 articles ( SD = 8.89) for promotion to associate professor and had an average of 9.81 ( SD = 11.02) peer-reviewed research articles previously published. Finally, participants shared their experiences with peer reviewers using descriptors such as “discouraging,” “harsh,” and “cruel.”

Inadequate Sunlight Exposure as A Risk Factor for Nutritional Rickets: A Systematic Review

Insufficient sunlight exposure significantly contributes to the development of nutritional rickets, highlighting the critical importance of sunlight in maintaining optimal bone health and preventing this debilitating condition. Nutritional rickets, a preventable skeletal disorder, has significant implications for child health and development, particularly where there is limited sunlight exposure. Adequate sunlight exposure, especially in the form of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, is essential for synthesizing and maintaining optimal vitamin D levels, which are key in preventing nutritional rickets. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the relationship between inadequate sunlight exposure and the development of nutritional rickets among children. The review could inform effective preventive strategies by identifying the precise levels of sunlight exposure needed for healthy development and the factors contributing to inadequate exposure. Literature was searched through Google scholar, PubMed (Medline), Cochrane, and Elsevier using the following key terms; Nutritional rickets, Sunlight exposure, and vitamin D deficiency. Only peer-reviewed articles and research theses were included. Additionally, only literature reporting on nutritional rickets as a result of inadequate sunlight exposure practices were included. A total of 9 papers were included in the review. Findings such as Limited Sunlight Exposure with factors such as closed housing environments, urbanization, and cultural practices contributing to this phenomenon, Misconceptions and Fear regarding potential harms associated with sunlight exposure, such as skin cancer, sterility, and blindness, Disparities in Knowledge and Practices about sunlight exposure, Environmental Influences such as housing conditions and access to outdoor spaces significantly influence sunlight exposure opportunities for children. Interventions aimed at enhancing sunlight accessibility and creating sun-safe environments are crucial for optimizing exposure and preventing rickets. Comprehensive strategies are necessary to address sunlight exposure practices' complexities, including education, cultural sensitivity, policy reforms, and environmental modifications. Integrating these interventions is essential for promoting optimal sunlight exposure and improving child health outcomes.

Martial Arts and Combat Sports for Youth: A 10-Year Scoping Review

Martial arts and combat sports (MA&CS) are lifelong nontraditional activities seldom available for youth in school settings. Research has found that MA&CS can promote a variety of benefits to youth with novel experiences that promote nonviolent, psychological, affective, cognitive, and physical outcomes. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to identify and categorize the peer-reviewed research with a pedagogical focus on MA&CS for youth across 10 years. Methods: The key terms used related to MA&CS and young people. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping review guidelines and included peer-reviewed empirical articles from six databases in English and Portuguese from 2013 to 2022. Results: The Results section was divided into a quantitative description of the literature analyzed and a discussion of the psychological, social, affective, physical, cognitive, and academic benefits of MA&CS interventions. Conclusion: MA&CS interventions can provide multiple benefits for youth in physical education and out-of-school settings.

The effect of percussion and manual activation massage on explosive strength and balance in young adult males: A crossover pilot study

BackgroundRecently, the usage of percussive vibration machines in physiotherapy and sports has increased rapidly. Numerous manufacturers claim they can enhance physical performance. However, there is minimal peer-reviewed research on their efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of percussion massage (PM) on muscular performance, particularly explosive strength and balance. Moreover, this is the first study to evaluate the potential PM impact on balance. Materials and methods18 young male participants aged 20.89 ± 3.43 years with a BMI of 25.08 ± 3.95 completed three measurements with two interventions - PM by Theragun device (TG), activation massage (AM), and assessment without activation (WA). The targeted area was m. triceps surae, hamstrings, and m. quadriceps femoris of the dominant leg. Single-leg squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Y-balance tests (YBT) were performed. One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA was utilized to analyze the data. The level significance threshold was set to p ≤ 0.05. ResultsNo statistically significant difference was reported between TG, AM, and WA in the height of the squat jump and countermovement jump (p > 0.05). Furthermore, no significant changes were recorded in the YBT performance score (p > 0.05). ConclusionsNo improvement was reported in the monitored physical parameters when the PM by Theragun or manual AM was applied for 90 s right before the muscular performance. Therefore, we do not recommend the short-term stimulative application of PM and AM before athletic performance when lower limb explosive strength or balance improvements are the objective.

Peer support needs, preferences and experiences of adults with acquired neurological disability: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionPeer support is a promising adjunct to traditional rehabilitation methods for helping adults with acquired neurological disability adjust to and navigate life with a disability. However, there is limited guidance...

Preface: 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Biological Sciences and Engineering (FBSE 2024)

This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from the 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Biological Sciences and Engineering (FBSE 2024) held on July 27-28, 2024 in Jinan City, China. FBSE aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Biological Sciences and Engineering. It also provides a platform for academic scientists, researchers and research scholars, doctors, doctoral students and related professionals to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Biological Sciences and Engineering. All authors and participants are kindly encouraged to contribute to and help shape the conference through submissions of their research abstracts, papers and posters. FBSE 2024 received 52 submissions. By submitting a paper to FBSE, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the Conference Committee, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that took into account this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of FBSE conference invested great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit. Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers will benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process. Paula Cheung Conference Organizing Committee Singapore

Online active learning in undergraduate dental education: A scoping review.

Research on online active learning (OAL) in dental education has increased in recent years; however, this literature has yet to be comprehensively summarized to document the available evidence and identify research gaps. This scoping review aimed to comprehensively map the extent and depth of the research activity on OAL in undergraduate dental education. The review adhered to Arksey & O'Malley's multi-step framework and followed the PRISMA Extension Scoping Reviews guidelines. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and ERIC databases for peer-reviewed primary research articles in English published between December 2013 and 2023. Four trained researchers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for eligibility and extracted relevant data. All activities and information were cross-checked by the same researchers. A tested, methodologically-informed form was used for data extraction. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to summarize the extracted data. Thirty-five articles were included in the review. Most studies focused on dental students exclusively, with only two studies involving students and faculty. All studies performed outcome evaluations at reaction and/or learning levels. Problem-based learning, case-based learning, small group discussion, flipped learning, and blended learning were the most common active learning strategies employed. Dental students were satisfied with OAL and perceived it as beneficial for knowledge acquisition and skill development. Test results confirmed the improvement of knowledge through OAL. OAL has shown to improve learning outcomes in dental education; however, robust research designs are needed to further demonstrate its effectiveness in this educational context.

Women Veterans' Stroke Risk Factors: Identified Prevention Methods and Knowledge Gaps.

Stroke is a significant health burden for veterans and the fifth leading cause of death for women. Compared to civilian women, women veterans have significant multimorbid physical and mental health conditions contributing to their stroke risk. This scoping review aimed to synthesize evidence on the stroke risk factors specific to U.S. women veterans and identify any association between risk factors and a delay in prevention and treatment for women veterans. This study was approved by the organizational Institutional Review Board. The search strategy was run across 6 databases: MEDLINE and EMBASE via Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. A total of 1218 records were uploaded to Covidence for screening. Criteria for included studies were peer-reviewed primary research articles written in English about women veterans and cardiovascular disease and stroke risk factors. No restrictions were placed on publication date. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Cohorts were 30 years and older. Data originated from national and individual Veterans Affairs studies. Women veterans starting at age 30 have a steadily increasing positive curvilinear association with stroke risk, indicating a need to screen earlier than the recommended age of 45 years. Stroke incidence was higher in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, traumatic brain injury, constipation with laxative use, egg consumption (2-4 eggs/wk), frailty, and systemic sclerosis. When comparing White veterans and civilian counterparts, Black veterans had a higher incidence of stroke. Ten studies addressed prevention methods. The clinicians should screen and treat women veterans for post-traumatic stress disorder and constipation and consider alternative treatment methods for constipation. Empirical literature on this matter is lacking. Examining and understanding the differences in sex, gender, and veteran status, and their association with stroke risk, is warranted. Screening women veterans for post-traumatic stress disorder and for stroke early, at 30 years of age, is recommended.

User involvement in the design and development of medical devices in epilepsy: A systematic review.

This systematic review aims to describe the involvement of persons with epilepsy (PWE), healthcare professionals (HP) and caregivers (CG) in the design and development of medical devices is epilepsy. A systematic review was conducted, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed research focusing on medical devices for epilepsy management, involving users (PWE, CG, and HP) during the MDD process. Searches were performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, and a total of 55 relevant articles were identified and reviewed. From 1999 to 2023, there was a gradual increase in the number of publications related to user involvement in epilepsy medical device development (MDD), highlighting the growing interest in this field. The medical devices involved in these studies encompassed a range of seizure detection tools, healthcare information systems, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) technologies reflecting the emphasis on seizure detection, prediction, and prevention. PWE and CG were the primary users involved, underscoring the importance of their perspectives. Surveys, usability testing, interviews, and focus groups were the methods used for capturing user perspectives. User involvement occurs in four out of the five stages of MDD, with production being the exception. User involvement in the MDD process for epilepsy management is an emerging area of interest holding a significant promise for improving device quality and patient outcomes. This review highlights the need for broader and more effective user involvement, as it currently lags in the development of commercially available medical devices for epilepsy management. Future research should explore the benefits and barriers of user involvement to enhance medical device technologies for epilepsy. This review covers studies that have involved users in the development process of medical devices for epilepsy. The studies reported here have focused on getting input from people with epilepsy, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. These devices include tools for detecting seizures, stimulating nerves, and tracking brain activity. Most user feedback was gathered through surveys, usability tests, interviews, and focus groups. Users were involved in nearly every stage of device development except production. The review highlights that involving users can improve device quality and patient outcomes, but more effective involvement is needed in commercial device development. Future research should focus on the benefits and challenges of user involvement.

Moral injury and mental health outcomes in nurses: A systematic review.

Introduction: Moral injury involves the adverse psychological, biological, spiritual, behavioural, and social consequences of actions that violate moral values. It can lead to anxiety, depression, burnout, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Nurses, who often face ethical dilemmas, are particularly vulnerable. Despite its significance, the relationship between moral injury and mental health outcomes in nurses remains underexplored. Aim: This systematic review aimed to describe the associations among moral injury, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in nurses. Methods: The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023438731) and was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in December 2023 across PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed primary research involving nurses, published in English or Italian, without time restrictions, was considered eligible. The risk of bias and the quality of evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and the GRADE approach. Results: Out of 4730 articles identified, eight met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed significant positive associations between moral injury, anxiety, and depression, along with a significant negative association with quality of life. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for healthcare systems to implement strategies that mitigate moral injury among nurses. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies to explore causal relationships and develop targeted interventions. Additionally, standardizing the concept and measurements of moral injury is crucial for enhancing the comparability and understanding of this phenomenon.

What Impact Does the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment Have on the Wellbeing, Everyday Behavior, and Healthcare Utilization of People and Their Carers? A Systematic Review.

Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency globally. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered an early indicator of developing dementia. There are growing efforts to detect and diagnose MCI earlier; consequently, we need to understand the perspectives of individuals and carers regarding the implications of an MCI diagnosis. To systematically review qualitative literature to understand the impact of a MCI diagnosis on both the individual and their carers, focusing on wellbeing, everyday behaviors, and healthcare utilization. Key search terms were input into five databases. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed qualitative research published in English that obtained perspectives of community-dwellers with MCI or carers and focused on either their wellbeing, everyday behaviors and/or healthcare utilization. The protocol was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021291995). Data was synthesized narratively. Key findings from 15 eligible articles highlighted the negative impact of an MCI diagnosis on the wellbeing of both individuals and carers, due to stigma and limited understanding regarding diagnosis/prognosis. Changes in everyday behavior varied, particularly regarding motivation to engage with physical activity, hobbies and social opportunities. Both individuals and carers were sometimes dissatisfied with healthcare services; ineffective communication during clinical consolations highlighted as a reason for lack of trust in clinicians. Results indicate that an MCI diagnosis impacts both people with MCI and their carers across key facets of life. There is a critical need to effectively communicate the diagnosis and prognosis of MCI to support wellbeing and everyday activities and ensure trust in healthcare services.