Peer Group Approach Research Articles

Health Education Intervention Using Peer Group Approach for Adolescents in Addressing Delinquent Behavior

Background: Adolescence is a transition period experienced by teenagers, and this period is prone to the emergence of delinquency problems. At this time, teenagers begin to determine and get to know their peers in daily interactions. Peers are an environmental factor in developing oneself optimally. Purpose: To determine the effect of health education interventions using a peer group approach on juvenile delinquency prevention behavior in Probolinggo. Methods: This research includes pre-experimental research with a one-group pre-post-test design. The sample population is all teenagers in Kali Buntu Village, Probolinggo Regency, with 60 teenagers. The sample is some teenagers who meet the research criteria using a simple random sampling technique, a total of 60 teenagers. This research is about juvenile delinquency prevention behavior, and the independent variable is health education intervention. The intervention was conducted by providing education using a peer group approach according to the SOP for 60 minutes. Data were collected using a questionnaire sheet and analyzed statistically using SPSS with the Marginal Homogeneity Test. Result: The research findings revealed that the preventive behavior before the intervention was essentially the same, and after the intervention, there was a significant change, indicating the influence of health education with a peer group approach on preventing adolescent delinquency (P=0.000 < α= 0.05). Conclusion: There is expected to be an improvement in knowledge, attitudes, and skills for preventing adolescent delinquency.

Online peer-group mentoring: An innovative mentoring program within an Australian professional association

This article describes an online peer-group mentoring program to support career-long professional development, professional identity development, and stronger experiential peer-to-peer learning. It was developed in response to ongoing interest among members of the Australian Evaluation Society (AES), a professional association that aims to improve the theory, practice, and use of evaluation. It is intended to complement the technical training that can be provided through workshops or professional training and conventional one-on-one mentoring that members may access in other ways. Now in its third year, the program refined its focus and major objectives from promoting technical skills and knowledge to a broader focus on building professional networks, reducing professional isolation, and enhancing professional confidence. Two distinct approaches emerged from the first two years of the program, with each approach appealing to different participants. Some groups focused broadly on career development and professional network building, while others focused on topics of particular interest to participants. The peer-group approach is relevant to other professional associations in which practitioners tend to work alone or in small groups. Evaluation findings can inform other such associations about designing and implementing online group mentoring programs for their members.

PENTINGNYA PEMILIHAN Peer Group DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENYALAHGUNAAN NAPZA DI KALANGAN PELAJAR SMA 14 MAKASSAR

This Community Service Program aims to provide knowledge about the importance of selecting Peer Groups in preventing drug abuse among students of SMA 14 Makassar. Drug abuse is so dangerous because it can form pathological behavior and is usually carried out by individuals who have a vulnerable personality or have a high risk, and if done for a certain period of time will cause bio-psycho-social-spiritual disturbances. This community service implementation method consists of two stages, namely: 1) Distribution of extension materials; 2) Presentation of material and providing education with the lecture method; 3) Provide feedback as an evaluation to determine student understanding of the material presented. The results show that this counseling provides additional knowledge about the importance of the peer group approach. The Peer Group approach in preventing drug abuse is carried out so that the peer group that is formed in adolescents has an understanding of the dangers of drugs and will influence their peer group to avoid drug abuse. The main purpose of forming a peer group is to keep youth away from drug abuse. The vulnerability of adolescents is trapped in a negative peer group, because at that time they experience a crisis of identity, "who am I". Therefore, there is a need for adolescents to form their identity as "who" or "as" what. If they are facilitated or intervened to be involved in positive and interested activities, then this will really help youth to find their identity and also get support or reinforcement from the group. At the end of this activity, small groups of 7-10 people were formed based on their interests and talents, a leader was determined and they were asked to discuss the activities they would carry out in the future. The results of the discussion are then conveyed to the school and other parties who can assist in implementing the group activities so that they become positive activities

Competitiveness Assessment of the Fats and Oils Sector in Colombia in 2019: Analysis Based on Financial Indicators

This study assesses the competitiveness of the fats and oils sector in Colombia in 2019 using a peer group approach. The analysis is applied to 13 companies in the sector classified as individual small- and medium-sized enterprises. The main findings were developed considering the reports of the Superintendence of Companies in 2020. The methodology used is a competitiveness analysis supported by financial indicators and the data envelopment analysis under the Charnes, Cooper & Rhones -CCR- model, considering the value of assets and revenues as input and profitability indexes (operating margin, return on assets, and return on equity) as output. The companies that are efficient and should be role models were identified. The main findings were the low attractiveness of the sector with 0.253 (it should be greater than 1 and grow over time), the business success level according to which a company located in the Department of Casanare is the leader, and the relationship between the variables that reflects an average technical efficiency of 0.7162 (on a scale of 0 to 1). Of all the companies, three are referents for the achievement of technical efficiency owing to the best use of the model input resources

Peer Group: A New Approach of Nursing Intervention

The development of nursing, especially related to the nursing intervention approach, is running so fast. This can be seen from the use of peer group support in nursing interventions in individual humans. The purpose of this literature is to find the impact of implementing nursing interventions using a peer group support approach. This literature review method uses JBI and Prisma on 120 articles taken from journal databases, namely Scopus, PubMed and ScienceDirect. From the articles analyzed, it was found that the application of peer groups can improve individual abilities both in psychological and behavioral aspects. The application of the peer group approach is able to be one of the approaches in the world of nursing in carrying out nursing actions today.

Current Community-based Mental Health Promotion Strategies Among children and Adolescents: A Literature Review of Evidence and Feasibility in Indonesia

Mental disorders impact people's quality of life globally. A quarter of the world's population consists of children and adolescents who are significantly experiencing mental disorders since the age of 14. Community-based mental health strategies are aimed to overcome the challenges of mental health. The purpose of this review was to explore the evidence of children and adolescents' mental health promotion strategies to be potentially implemented in Indonesia. A literature review design was utilized using PRISMA on 20 journals through Science Direct, Proquest, SAGE, Scopus, EBSCO, and Taylor and Francis, in the last five years, within keywords of community-based, children and adolescents, mental health promotion, strategy. Data were analyzed in a table containing the title, author, year, methodology, results, and recommendations. Several strategies can be implemented to improve mental health in children and adolescents, such as peer group approaches, parental support, and religious education. Community-based mental health promotion strategies can optimize the effective implementation. Rigorous studies on policy evaluation, readiness, pilot studies on the implementation, and other approaches are needed for the more technical implementation of community-based mental health promotion strategies.

The importance of peer mediation in the social functioning of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The aim of the article is to indicate the role of peer relationships in the functioning of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and to indicate the potential possibilities of establishing interaction with a peer group. Peer mediation is one of the principles that apply to intervening with students with ASD. It is based on the involvement of peers as social skills trainers and mentors of a student with autism. Through the interaction, peers learn ways to involve a child with ASD in collaborative activities that they initiate themselves or that are planned by their teacher. The basic types of peer mediation include: Integrative Play Groups, Colleague Mentor, Peer Group and Group Oriented Approach. Supporting students with ASD through peer mediation is a method that has been shown to be effective in research. It has a positive effect not only on the development of children with ASD, but also on children with typical development. The implementation of mediation in the peer group is a great opportunity for children with ASD to reduce the risk of being rejected by their peers, and in the future to establish friendships between children.

Natural peer group approach as a learning strategist for maximizing dental health education in school-age children

Aim: To find out a natural peer group approach toward the knowledge of the dental and oral fields effectively. Materials and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental research with before–after study design. This study comprising 77 students for total sampling method was conducted on grade 4–5 students (aged 10–11 years). Data collection method used is by way of pretest and posttest for measuring data of oral and dental health knowledge. Sociometric questionnaire was administered to the students in order to identify the condition of the formation and reference character of natural peer group. The third data are the primary data obtained directly from the research respondents. The researcher provided dental and oral health intervention to the peer group reference before the peer group reference was allowed to mingle with peer group members without control and supervision during the effective 2x day school. The evaluation process was confirmed the shared information from the group leader with Oral Health questionnaire. This method conducted to find out the effectiveness of Oral Health Education counseling through Natural Peer Group teaching method. The data were analyzed by the comparative method using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Results: There is an increase in grade averages in grade 4 (P = 0.783) members’ score, and a decrease in grade 5A (P = 0.202) and 5B (P = 0.725) members’ score. In both grade 4 and 5 leader students, all the posttest values increase, but only grade 5 has a significant difference (P = 0.047 an P = 0.006). Conclusion: Natural peer group learning is not suitable for dental health education counseling method.

The Effect of Health Promotion Based on the Health Promotion Model with a Peer Group Approach Regarding the Utilization of Maternal and Child Health Handbook

Background: The reduction of maternal and child mortality in Indonesia is one of the government�s goals in the health sector. The use of maternal and child health books by mothers is still not optimal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the functions of the maternal and children�s health book which included recording, education and communication with the maternal knowledge of maternal and children�s health. Method: This study was quasi-experimental (pre-post-test control group design) with a sample of 50 respondents over both the control and treatment groups. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The instruments used were Individual Characteristics and Experiences and Specific Behavior Cognitions and Effects. The analysis used was regression analysis. Results: There was a difference between before and after receiving a health promotion model-based health promotion with a result of p <0.05 for all of the indicators in the treatment group. In the control group, there was no difference. Conclusion: Health promotion model-based health promotion seeks to improve the perceptions of the benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and attitudes toward any action plans that can improve maternal behavior in MCHHB utilization. © 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

The Effect of Health Education Using Peer Group Approach toward Adolescents’ Knowledge of the Dangers of Alcohol for Health in Indonesia

Some of the factors that causing abuse of alcohol by adolescents are the descendants, families influences, friends influence, ethnicities, and personal issues. Today’s teenage problems are complex and worrying. This is indicated by the low knowledge of adolescents about the dangers of alcohol for health. The importance of knowledge about the danger of alcohol for health is needed. Therefore, adolescents need to get enough information to know how dangerous alcohol. Peer group is a method of delivering information through peers that effective to use in adolescents. The study aims to determine the effect of health education with peer group approach toward adolescents’ knowledge about the dangers of alcohol for health in the village of Wungkolo, District of South Wawonii, Konawe Islands. The study did not use the Pre-Experiment with the control group. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, with 17 people as the samples. The results of statistical test pair t-test obtained ρ value = 0,000. Based on the results of this study conclude that the health education with peer group approach is effective in providing knowledge to adolescents who consume alcoholic beverages. It is suggested that parents need to monitor the adolescents not to consume alcohol or issue rules concerning the banning of consuming alcohol and the Department of Health providing health education to the adolescents, especially about the dangers of alcohol for health.

“I just realized that something happened to me today” — An innovative educational approach to support students in dealing with the dissection course, death and dying

Background and aimThe dissection course is an essential part of preclinical medical education. At the Medical Faculty of Duesseldorf, a required elective course has been developed over three semesters with the aim of encouraging students to reflect on their experiences in the dissection course and offering them support in dealing with aspects of death and dying. The aim of this paper is to present this educational approach and the student evaluations. Methods and resultsThe educational concept follows a peer group approach and is comprised of several components spanning three semesters: introductory lectures, tours of the dissection hall and clinical wards, an online diary, and reflection groups. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation has shown that students rate the course positively as to its benefits and workload. While all of the components should be retained, students do wish more time to visit sites and engage with professionals in connection with death and dying. DiscussionThis strategy could serve as a cornerstone for longitudinal training to promote adequate coverage of topics such as death and dying. The course has a reasonable cost–benefit ratio. When transferring it to another setting, a gratification system should be considered.

A04 Environmental Modifiers: Prospects For Rehabilitation In Huntington's Disease

Background Research suggests that multidisciplinary rehabilitation is associated with improvement in physical functioning in HD. Aims To assess the effects of an intensive, multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for patients with early to mid-stage Huntington’s disease (HD), and to explore participants’ experiences with the programme. Methods/techniques A one year group-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for individuals with early to mid-stage HD was established, consisting of three in house stays of three weeks in a rehabilitation institution. Participants were members of groups of four to six, and the program involved intensive physical training, information and support related to speech, nutrition, activities of daily living and cognitive function. Participants were individually assessed and a tailored rehabilitation plan was made for each participant. Results Out of 37 participants, 31 (83.8%) completed the program as planned. Assessments of participants 3 months after the final stay found improved balance, gait function, physical quality of life and reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety in participants compared with scores at baseline. In qualitative interviews the social benefits of group “comradery” was reported as an important motivation, in addition to experiencing measurable improvements and having a contact person assigned to each participant. Conclusions Intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation for individuals with early to mid-stage HD is feasible and associated with improved function and physical quality of life. An individually tailored plan, a contact person for each participant, a peer group approach and communication between institutions and primary health professionals could be mediators of clinical outcomes. Randomised controlled trials are needed to study effects of various interventions, as well as cost-benefit analysis of interventions. Future research should aim at studying effects of specific components in programs.

Psychosocial aspects of donation and the dissection course: An extra-curricular program with the objective of assisting students confront issues surrounding gross anatomy lab.

Background and aim: The dissection course is an essential part of preclinical medical education. At the Medical Faculty of Duesseldorf, an education concept has been developed with the aim, to reflect with students their experiences and to support them in dealing with the donor and preparation. The aim of this paper is to present the concept.Method: The education concept had a peer group approach. It comprised a lecture, a small group seminar and an online diary as core element. Finally, the concept was evaluated.Results: Approximately one sixth of students made use of the online diary. Selected entries are presented here. Also, one sixth of students took part in the evaluation. They rated the activity as helpful to prepare for the dissection course. Discussion: The education concept could be a corner stone of a longitudinal training to promote the adequate encounter with topics such as dying and death.

A peer group approach model of oral health promotion among orphans at Puduchery, South India

Background:Interactions between oral and systemic health are bi-directional and complex, involving many pathways. The orphans have been sympathized with, ignored, vitrified or even hidden away in the community. Hence, providing health care services for orphans remains a challenge. Oral health education has a positive impact in lowering plaque and gingivitis scores in health educational programs.Objective:The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of peer group health promotion model among 11 to 16 year old orphans at Puduchery, South India.Materials and Methods:A clinical trial of 6 months duration was carried out among 72 orphans with age ranging from 11 to 16 years residing in Cluny Padmini Sneha Illam, at Puduchery, India. The baseline data regarding oral health and oral hygiene practices were obtained using a pre-tested close-ended questionnaire. Oral health education was provided to 4 randomly picked children who in turn provided the same to their peer group orphans, supervised by the investigator. Tooth brushes and fluoridated tooth pastes were provided to all the participants throughout the study period. Oral hygiene of the participants was assessed using Modified Plaque Index by Loe H and Gingival Index by Loe H and Silness at baseline, 3rd and 6th month interval. Paired Student t test was used to analyze the categorical data.Results:Majority of the respondents felt consuming sugar was not harmful for dental health, while 15 respondents were not sure about the outcome. When asked if oral hygiene was important for general health, 45.8% were not aware of its association. Although all the participants brushed their teeth daily, none of them reported the use of dental floss. The findings of this study indicated a statisticallysignificant lower mean plaque score of 0.54 ± 0.20 at 6th month when compared to the baseline score of 1.76 ± 0.24. Similarly, statistically significant lower gingival index score of 0.65 ± 0.11 at 6th month was observed when compared to the baseline score of 1.76 ± 0.24.Conclusions:The results of this study indicate that oral hygiene of orphans was improved using a peer group approach model of oral health promotion.

Youth:risk? More safety for young people by risk competence learning – from concept to implementation

Risky behaviour is fun, but it may harm.DescriptionThe AdRisk project Community action on adolescents and injury risk (EU Public Health Programme) has delivered recommendations and good practices on risk competence...

Peer Group Mentoring of Junior Faculty

The purpose of this article is to document and evaluate the initiation of a mentoring model for junior faculty utilizing a peer group approach rather than the traditional dyadic model. Junior faculty members in an academic department of psychiatry at Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, were invited to take part in a peer mentoring program involving evening meetings every 2 months over a 1-year period from 2004-2005. Of the 12 invitees, 10 agreed to participate in the program. The group participants developed the program agenda collectively. Learning objectives as well as a list of topics of interest were established at the inaugural meeting. A focus group was held at the end of 12 months to provide a descriptive, qualitative evaluation. The focus group leader prepared a report based on observations and notes taken during the focus group. The report prepared by the focus group leader identified six main themes that included: program development, knowledge gains, interpersonal gains, psychological/emotional gains, process of the program, and future directions. The overall response was clearly favorable with a unanimous decision to maintain the group and continue meeting into the next year. A peer group mentoring format for junior faculty in an academic department of psychiatry can be an effective model of mentoring.

A forensic peer group approach to bullying after traumatic brain injury

A forensic peer group programme adapted for bullying behaviour and antisocial attitudes in three young men with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is presented. Three TBI clients who had previously been resistant to an intensive neurobehavioural rehabilitation residential programme were enrolled into the EQUIP programme. EQUIP focused on teaching pro-social skills as they related to aggression, increasing moral development, and altering pro-aggressive attitudes. The group ran four days per week over six weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes. Post-group assessment indicated that two of the three participants altered their beliefs regarding antisocial behaviour. At three-month follow up, of the two who demonstrated change one had returned to baseline while the other had maintained his progress. Aggression and bullying behaviour reduced in all three clients during the EQUIP programme and these improvements were maintained at three-month follow up. Self-esteem measures did not alter across the assessment period. Antisocial beliefs and their potential for change in clients with severe TBI are discussed.

Child feeding practices are improved by a behavior change communications strategy using a small peer group approach in rural Haiti

Child feeding practices are improved by a behavior change communications strategy using a small peer group approach in rural Haiti

A lost horizon: the experience of an other and school bullying

To date, research on bullying has largely employed empirical methodologies, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. Through this research we have come to understand bullying as both a dyadic and peer group phenomenon, primarily situated in the heads (thinking) of those involved, or in a lack of skill or expertise, or in the delinquency of a bully who needs to be reformed. This research has largely directed its strategies toward problem students using individual and peer group approaches. And yet school bullying continues to be a crucial educational issue affecting millions of students each year. In this project I introduce a missing philosophical perspective. Analyzing the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer I am led to conclude that typical anti-bullying strategies at times simply train bullies to be better at bullying (i.e., learning to bully more covertly, more expertly so as to inflict the same devastation without adult detection). Gadamer invites us to think about bullying in new ways. While certainly involving the thinking and skills of the bully and the victim, Gadamer contends that bullying does not fundamentally result from a problem within the participants, but is fostered by certain spaces between them; terrains that cultivate specific experiences of an "other". Generally, this project stems from an interest in the ways that domination develops in this "space between". Specifically in this paper I ask: What is the nature of "hermeneutic" experience as conceptualized by Gadamer? What kinds of experiences of an other does bullying exemplify? What kinds of experience of an other do non-bullying relations exemplify and what kinds of relational spaces foster such experience? This paper opens up significant new territory for anti-bullying work, expanding our focus to include the space between students which fosters certain inter-personal experiences - experiences situated in domination and stymied growth or, alternatively, experiences of reciprocity which open the possibility of human growth and transformation.

A Pilot Study of Support and Education Groups for College Students with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

College students with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus often ignore the care of their illness. Faced with managing this illness independently for the first time, they lack the knowledge and experience to do so effectively. Their need to establish autonomy often prevents them from seeking the advice of health professionals. In view of this, the author undertook a pilot study to investigate the role of a peer support group on a college campus as a means of improving the diabetic students' management of their illness. Three closed-membership groups met for 10 weekly sessions. Hemoglobin A1c (the measure of average blood sugar over the preceding 3-month interval) determinations prior to participation in the group ranged from 4.0 to 11.7, with a mean of 8.16; after participation in the group, the mean hemoglobin A1c levels of group members dropped to 6.10 (p less than .001). (Hemoglobin A1c measures lower than 6.2 reflect physiologic blood sugar measures of someone without diabetes.) These results suggest that the peer-group approach may be a viable way to improve the metabolic control of young adults with diabetes at the time in their lives when they are learning to manage their illness independently.