Peel Bond Strength Research Articles

Assessment of Enamel Demineralization Resistance and Shear Peel Bond Strength of Protein Repellent Orthodontic Glass Ionomer Cement

Assessment of Enamel Demineralization Resistance and Shear Peel Bond Strength of Protein Repellent Orthodontic Glass Ionomer Cement

Influence of Some Plant Extracts on Antifungal Properties, Hardness, and Peel Bond Strength of Heat-Cured Denture Soft Liner

Background: Soft liners in dentures play a crucial role in enhancing patient comfort and preventing tissue irritation especially for patients with resorbed ridges. However, microbial colonization presents a challenge to their long-term effectiveness, particularly Candida albicans, leading to conditions like denture-induced stomatitis. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and mechanical properties of heat cured soft liners incorporating plant extracts from Olea europaea and Ficus carcia, individually and synergistically. Patients and Methods: Extracts were obtained through Soxhlet extraction, and their antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans was determined using the broth microdilution method. Soft liner specimens were prepared with varying concentrations of the extracts and subjected to disk diffusion tests, shore A hardness measurements, and peel bond strength tests. Statistical analysis involved the use of one-way ANOVA and Dunnett tests. Results: Results demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, with the synergistic mixture exhibiting the highest inhibition zone against Candida albicans. Moreover, the addition of such extracts led to increased shore A hardness, with the highest levels recorded for synergistic groups. The extracts also displayed a significant decrease in peel bond strength, indicating potential challenges in adhesive properties. These findings suggest that while individual extracts show promise in antimicrobial efficacy and mechanical reinforcement of soft liners, their combination may lead to compromised adhesive properties. Conclusion: The study contributes valuable insights into the development of antimicrobial soft liners reinforced with Olea europaea and Ficus carcia extracts, advancing dental materials towards improved patient outcomes and enhanced oral health. Keywords: Soft liner, Olea europaea, Ficus carcia, Disk diffusion, Compressive strength.

Influence of Some Plant Extracts on Antifungal Properties, Hardness, and Peel Bond Strength of Heat-Cured Denture Soft Liner

Background: Soft liners in dentures play a crucial role in enhancing patient comfort and preventing tissue irritation especially for patients with resorbed ridges. However, microbial colonization presents a challenge to their long-term effectiveness, particularly Candida albicans, leading to conditions like denture-induced stomatitis. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and mechanical properties of heat cured soft liners incorporating plant extracts from Olea europaea and Ficus carcia, individually and synergistically. Patients and Methods: Extracts were obtained through Soxhlet extraction, and their antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans was determined using the broth microdilution method. Soft liner specimens were prepared with varying concentrations of the extracts and subjected to disk diffusion tests, shore A hardness measurements, and peel bond strength tests. Statistical analysis involved the use of one-way ANOVA and Dunnett tests. Results: Results demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, with the synergistic mixture exhibiting the highest inhibition zone against Candida albicans. Moreover, the addition of such extracts led to increased shore A hardness, with the highest levels recorded for synergistic groups. The extracts also displayed a significant decrease in peel bond strength, indicating potential challenges in adhesive properties. These findings suggest that while individual extracts show promise in antimicrobial efficacy and mechanical reinforcement of soft liners, their combination may lead to compromised adhesive properties. Conclusion: The study contributes valuable insights into the development of antimicrobial soft liners reinforced with Olea europaea and Ficus carcia extracts, advancing dental materials towards improved patient outcomes and enhanced oral health.

Evaluation of Peel Bond Strength between Heat Cured Acrylic Based Denture Soft Lining Material and Heat Polymerized Acrylic after Different Acrylic Surface Treatment Methods

Evaluation of Peel Bond Strength between Heat Cured Acrylic Based Denture Soft Lining Material and Heat Polymerized Acrylic after Different Acrylic Surface Treatment Methods

Assessment of peel bond strength between two facial prosthetic materials after surface treatment methods: In vitro study

Abstract Aim: The bonding between acrylic resin to silicone liners in maxillofacial devices is vital for the maintenance of prosthetic parts. This study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of different surface treatments in enhancing the bond between materials used in maxillofacial prosthetics, which is crucial to ensure both quality and durability in prosthetic applications. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study involves the fabrication of 30 specimens, with each specimen involving an acrylic part bonded to a silicone part. Each specimen measures 75 mm in length, 10 mm in width, and 6 mm in thickness. These dimensions are controlled and standardized for consistency. The study includes a total of 30 specimens, which represent the sample size, and it is divided into three groups (ethyl acetate, aluminum oxide sandblasting, and silicon carbide [SiC] paper), with each group having 10. Subsequently, the peel bonding strength was tested using a universal testing machine. All data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc tests at a level of α = 0.05. Results: Surface-treated specimens with ethyl acetate had the highest peel strength (PS) values (3.4138) followed by those treated with aluminum oxide sandblasting (2.3204) and SiC paper (1.8153), respectively. Conclusions: Surface treatment showed a varying impact on the PS of different materials. The ethyl acetate group benefited the most from the treatment, the sandblasting group experienced a moderate improvement, and the SiC group had the least improvement in peel bond strength.

Evaluation of in vivo bond strength and skin irritation test for new skin adhesive

ObjectivesThis study developed a new skin-deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) silicone adhesive for adhering to silicone prostheses and compared the properties with a commercial Daro-Hydrobond adhesive. Materials and methodsThe new DNRL skin adhesive formulation was made from non-vulcanized natural rubber-based adhesives consisting of DNRL, 20% polyvinyl alcohol, cumarone resin, 2% methylcellulose, and Wingstay L. The peel bond strength of the adhesives was tested using a 90-degree peel test. Biocompatibility was accessed using in vitro keratinocyte cell viability. Animals (rabbits) and humans were tested for skin irritation tests. Results were analyzed using SPSS Version 24 and compared between the two adhesives. ResultsThe peel bond strength of the new DNRL skin adhesive was 103.61 ± 23.18 N/m whereas that of the Daro-hydrobond adhesive was 131.52 ± 21.72 N/m. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the peel bond strengths of the two test adhesives. Cell proliferation under the DNRL skin adhesive-soaked medium showed higher cell viability than the positive control (p<0.05). The DNRL skin adhesive produced moderate erythema and edema on rabbit skins, however, the skin lesions recovered within 14 days. Two volunteers showed mild irritation at the first hour of the contact which was reduced within an hour without any therapy. The patient satisfaction with the DNRL skin adhesive ranged from slightly satisfied to completely satisfied. ConclusionThe new DNRL skin adhesive showed comparable peel bond strength and patient satisfaction to those of commercial adhesives. The adhesive was biocompatible and can be used carefully.

Evaluation of the Peel Bond Strength of a Room Temperature Vulcanizing Maxillofacial Silicone When Bonded to Three Different High-impact Heat-cured Acrylic Resins: An In Vitro Comparative Study

Evaluation of the Peel Bond Strength of a Room Temperature Vulcanizing Maxillofacial Silicone When Bonded to Three Different High-impact Heat-cured Acrylic Resins: An In Vitro Comparative Study

Using Peek as a Framework Material for Maxillofacial Silicone Prosthesis: An In Vitro Study.

There are often bonding problems between acrylic resins and silicone. PEEK (polyetheretherketone), which is a high-performance polymer, has great potential for the implant, and fixed or removable prosthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on PEEK to be bonded to maxillofacial silicone elastomers. A total of 48 specimens were fabricated from either PEEK or PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) (n = 8). PMMA specimens acted as a positive control group. PEEK specimens were divided into five study groups as surface treatments as control PEEK, silica-coating, plasma etching, grinding, or nano-second fiber laser. Surface topographies were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A platinum-primer was used on top of all specimens including control groups prior to silicone polymerization. The peel bond strength of the specimens to a platinum-type silicone elastomer was tested at a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). The control PEEK group showed the highest bond strength (p < 0.05) among the groups. No statistical difference was found between control PEEK, grinding, or plasma etching groups (p > 0.05). The lowest bond strength was seen in the laser group, which was not statistically different from silica-coating (p > 0.05), and statistically different from control PEEK, grinding, or plasma groups (p < 0.05). Positive control PMMA specimens had statistically lower bond strength than either control PEEK or plasma etching groups (p < 0.05). All specimens exhibited adhesive failure after a peel test. The study results indicate that PEEK could serve as a potential alternative substructure for implant-retained silicone prostheses.

Evaluation of shear peel bond strength and fatigue stress of different orthodontic banding cements – An in vitro study

The purpose of this study were to (1)compare the shear peel bond strength of four different orthodontic banding cements (2) assess the site of cement failure after debanding (3) compare the survival time of the bands cemented with each cement type after simulating mechanical fatigue stress. Eighty teeth were used to assess retentive strength and another forty teeth were used to assess the fatigue survival time. Shear peel bond strength was determined with a universal testing machine. Fatigue testing was conducted in a ball mill machine. The mean shear peel bond strength and survival time of the bands cemented with GC Fuji Ortho band paste pak was significantly greater among all the groups. Bond failure occurred predominantly at the enamel-cement interface. GC Fuji ortho band paste pak orthodontic banding cement required significantly higher forces to deband in comparison with the other cements. GC Fuji ortho band paste pak orthodontic banding cement can be expected to have lower failure rates for band cementation than the other groups in the light of the results of the ball mill test.

Evaluating the Effect of Lemongrass Essential Oil Addition on Some Properties of Heat Cure Acrylic Soft-Lining Material

Background: Denture liners’ viscoelasticity absorbs shocks and relieves tissue pressure. Soft liners must be replaced every 6–12 months because oral conditions destroy elastomers. By adding chemicals to soft liners, researchers have created a new class of flexible, oral-friendly materials. This lowers denture and mucosa pressure. Objectives: The aim of the study is to discover if the best two concentrations of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) added to heat-cured soft denture liner improves the material’s hardness, the strength of the peel bond, and surface roughness. Materials and Methods: In a pilot study, 2.5 vol.% and 5 vol.% LGEO improved the heat-cured soft-liner material’s Shore A hardness and surface roughness. The main study categorized 90 specimens into three groups (Shore A hardness, peel bond strength, and surface roughness). Each of the groups has three subgroups (control, 2.5 vol.% of LGEO additive, and 5 vol.% of LGEO additive). One-way analysis of variance, Dunnett’s T3 post hoc, Tukey’s honestly significant difference, and Fisher’s exact test were used for data analysis, which was significant at P &lt; 0.05. Results: After adding 2.5 vol.% and 5 vol.% of LGEO additives (experimental subgroups), Shore hardness, peel bond strength, and surface roughness of the two experimental subgroups decreased significantly from the control subgroup at P &lt; 0.05, except for 2.5 vol.% of the LGEO additive subgroup, which did not differ significantly at P &gt; 0.05. When failure mode was assessed, all subgroups varied substantially. The 2.5 vol.% of LGEO addition specimens showed adhesive and cohesive failure with some mixed type, whereas 5 vol.% showed predominantly cohesive failure. Conclusions: LGEO enhances the hardness and surface roughness of the soft-lining material, making it more resilient and smoother. This leads to a greater cushioning effect and reduced damage to the oral tissues while decreasing the liner’s peel bond strength to an acceptable level. 5 vol.% is the best percentage that improves liner properties.

Estimation of differences and reapplication effect of peel bond strength between silicone-based and water-based adhesives

Statement of problemRetention is essential for maxillofacial prosthesis. Adhesives are commonly used for retention because of their simplicity, availability, and cost-effectiveness. Studies that have estimated the differences in bond strength between the types of adhesives and the impact of reapplication are sparse. PurposeThe purpose of this observational clinical study was to estimate the peel bond strength and reapplication effects of water-based and silicone-based adhesives at 0, 24, and 48 hours. Material and methodsA total of 46 participants were enrolled, with 23 participants in each adhesive test group—water-based and silicone-based adhesive. Silicone elastomeric strips were attached to the ventral aspect of the participants' forearm 5 cm away from the radial styloid prominence. The strength of each adhesive group was tested at 0 hours, and its reapplication effects were evaluated at 24 and 48 hours. The peel bond strength was estimated by using a universal testing machine, and the data were recorded in N/m and statistically analyzed by the independent Student t test and Spearman rho correlation coefficient tests (α=.05). ResultsThe mean ±standard deviation of peel bond strength at 0 hours for silicone-based adhesive (111.5 ±2.5 N/m) was higher than that for water-based adhesive (99.9 ±3.9 N/m) (P<.001). On reapplication, the silicone-based adhesive had a higher peel bond strength (113.5 ±2.8 N/m) than the water-based adhesive (105.2 ±3.0 N/m) (P<.001). The results were statistically significant between the 2 groups at different time intervals (P=.04). ConclusionsThe mean peel bond strength of the silicone-based adhesive was higher than that of the water-based adhesive. The reapplication of adhesives improved the bond strength in both the groups.

The Effect of Sandblasting on Bond Strength of Soft Liners to Denture Base Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies.

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sandblasting on the bond strength of denture base resin to soft liners. Materials and Methods This report follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and OpenGrey databases were searched for in vitro studies that compared sandblasting with no treatment in terms of the tensile, shear, and peel bond strength of resilient lining materials (acrylic-based or silicone-based) to polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin. Based on the outcome, the analysis was carried out in three groups of tensile, shear, and peel bond strength. Subgroup analysis was done for the effect of size of particles on sandblasting, blasting pressure, and type of soft liner whenever possible. Heterogeneity was evaluated among the studies, and meta-analysis was performed with random effect models (p < .05). Results After screening, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analyses. No treatment showed significantly higher tensile (p < 0.001) or peel (p=0.04) bond strength, although shear bond strength of sandblasted resin was significantly better (p=0.008). Results of subgroup analyses of particle size favored the control group in 50 µ Al2O3 particle size (p < 0.001). In analyses of blasting pressure, the control group had significantly better tensile bond strength than specimens with blasting pressure ≤1 bar (p < 0.001) while specimens with blasting pressure beyond 1 bar showed significantly more tensile strength than control group (p=0.03). In silicon-based liners, groups without any surface treatment had significantly higher tensile bond strength (p < 0.001). Conclusion According to the in vitro studies, sandblasting would not lead to significant increase in bond strength of soft liner to the denture base resin.

Novel Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex Adhesive Used in Extraoral Maxillofacial Prostheses

This study aimed to develop an adhesive for silicone maxillofacial prostheses and compared the properties with the Daro adhesive hydrobond (Factor II, Inc, Lakeside, AZ, USA). Two adhesives were developed from non-vulcanized natural rubber-based adhesives (Adhesive A) and deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) products (Adhesive B) and stored at 4 °C. The Control group was the commercial Daro adhesive hydrobond (Factor II, Inc, Lakeside, AZ, USA). The physical properties (appearance, viscosity, spreadability, color, and pH) of the adhesives were measured and every week for 12 weeks after storing at 4 °C. The adhesives were characterized under scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical testing done were peel bond strength and biocompatibility testing was done using MTT assay. Physical, surface, and mechanical properties were compared with the commercial adhesive. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Both adhesives were physically and chemically stable at temperature 4 °C and had suitable peel bond strength adhesives as the commercial adhesive. Hence, the adhesives can be used to adhere to the maxillofacial silicone prostheses.

Evaluation of Shear Peel Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Cements Used for Fixed Space Maintainer Cementation: An In Vitro Study.

Aim and objectiveThis study aims to compare the retentive strength of different adhesive cements used for band cementation of fixed space maintainer by comparing the shear peel bond strength and mode of failure for each adhesive material using three different adhesive cements.Materials and methodsEighty intact extracted teeth were used to assess the shear peel bond strength. Preformed bands were adapted to each tooth. Three cements compared in this in vitro study are glass ionomer cement [Ketac Cem radiopaque (3M ESPE)], resin-modified glass ionomer cement [RelyX luting 2(3M ESPE)], and self-adhesive resin cement [RelyX U200 (3M ESPE)]. The teeth were randomly divided to four groups of 20 samples each. All samples were stored at 37°C for 24 hours before testing. All specimens were tested in a tensile mode using a universal testing machine to determine shear peel bond. After debonding procedure, each specimen was visually assessed at the site of cement.ResultsThe results of our study showed that the greatest resistance to decementation was shown by self-adhesive resin cement (256.85 N) followed by resin-modified GIC (165.40 N) and GIC (127.40 N) (p < 0.001). Self-adhesive resin cement has the greatest shear peel bond strength (2.36 MPa) followed by resin-modified GIC (1.53 MPa), conventional GIC (1.22 MPa), and bands without cementation (0.29 MPa) (p < 0.001). In terms of adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores, it was seen that the decementation of bands of both conventional GIC and self-adhesive resin cements occurred at the band/enamel interface. However, resin-modified GIC showed varied results in the ARI scores.ConclusionThe findings of our study suggest that self-adhesive resin cements can be used for cementation of bands of fixed space maintainers. However, further research with short-term and long-term data is required to evaluate the ability of these cements for its application in vivo.How to cite this articleKaur J, Singh A, Sadana G, et al. Evaluation of Shear Peel Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Cements Used for Fixed Space Maintainer Cementation: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):175–179.

Peel bond strength between a silicone-based soft liner and a heat-cured acrylic resin denture base reinforced with three concentrations of metal oxide nanoparticles

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of incorporation of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% concentrations of titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, and silica nanoparticles in the heat-cured acrylic resin denture base on the peel bond strength to a silicone denture liner. Methods: A total number of 100 heat-cured acrylic resin samples were prepared and classified into a control group and three groups according to the type of nanoparticle. Each group was classified into three subgroups according to the concentration of the nanoparticle (n=10). A Silicone based-soft liner was added over the acrylic resin specimens, and the peel bond strength was measured using the peeling bond strength test at an angle of 90°. Statistical analysis was done using a Two-way ANOVA test for interactions between peel bond strength and the different nanoparticle materials and their concentrations. Results: Two-way ANOVA showed that the three nanoparticles and different concentrations did not affect the peel bond strength. Conclusion: The nanoparticles in this study were not effective in increasing peel bond strength at the studied concentrations.

An in vitro study to compare the influence of two different primers on the peel bond strength between a maxillofacial silicone material and an acrylic resin material versus a composite resin material.

Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the peel bond strength of an autopolymerizing acrylic resin and a fiberreinforced composite (FRC) resin to a heat temperature vulcanizing maxillofacial silicone (M511) using two different primers.Settings and Design:In vitro - comparative study.Materials and Methods:Autopolymerizing acrylic resin and FRC resin specimens with a dimension of 75 mm (length) ×10 mm (width) × 3 mm (height) were fabricated. A total of 60 samples were split into six categories based on the substructure material and primers (A330G primer and Sofreliner tough primer) used to bond the maxillofacial silicone to the FRC and acrylic resin specimens. In a universal testing machine, the peel bond strength was conducted at a 10 mm/min crosshead speed until bonding failure occurred.Statistical Analysis Used:The t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and the Tukey's honest significant difference (post hoc test) tests were used to statistically assess the values.Results:The Sofreliner tough primer produced the greatest peel bond strength in both the acrylic resin (0.89690 N/mm) and the FRC resin groups (3.19860 N/mm). Adhesive failures predominated in the acrylic resin group regardless of the primer used. The FRC group showed predominantly cohesive failures with both the A330G primer and Sofreliner tough primer.Conclusion:This study suggests that FRC resin combined with Sofreliner tough primer can significantly enhance the peel bond strength.

The Effect of Incorporation Kappa-Carrageenan Powder on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Heat-Cured Acrylic-based Soft Denture Lining Material in Clinical Use

Background: Soft denture relining materials have been introduced to prosthetic dentistry since long timeto improve the patient’s acceptance to dental prosthesis. However, with the growing need to provide thepatients with dentures that have improved comfort and masticatory efficiency, there is a growing demand toimprove several features of the denture lining materials. Therefore, the aims of this study was to evaluatethe effect of incorporation kappa-carrageenan powder as antifungal agent on the hardness and peel bondstrength of the heat-cured acrylic-based soft denture lining material.Materials and Methods: Two percentages of kappa-carrageenan powder (1.5wt.% and 2wt.%) have beenselected based on the pilot study that produced the best antifungal effect. A total of sixty samples wereprepared and divided into three equal groups groupA:0.0wt.%, groupB:1.5wt.%, groupC:2wt.% of kappacarrageenan powder additive. Each group was further subdivided into two equal groups for shore-A hardnesstest and peel bond strength test. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was performed toinvestigate if there is any chemical reaction between the soft lining material and the kappa-carrageenanpowder, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the distribution of kappa-carrageenanpowder in the soft liner matrix.Results: All the resulted data were analysed using “one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and DunnetT3 post-hoc test at a significance level of p&lt;0.05”. The result of shore-A hardness test revealed significantincrease (P&lt;0.05) in the values of hardness of both experimental groups (B and C) when compared with thecontrol group(A). Peel bond strength test revealed non-significant decrease (P&gt;0.05) in the values of peelbond strength for experimental group(B), while there was significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) for the experimentalgroup(C) when compared to the control group. FTIR analysis showed no difference in the spectra betweencontrol group and experimental group this means that there is no chemical interaction between the twomaterials. SEM test results showed a degree of agglomeration of the kappa-carrageenan powder into the softliner matrix.Conclusion: Adding kappa-carrageenan powder to the soft liner affected the physical and mechanicalproperties of the lining material and the most adverse effect was noted for the group C(2 wt.%) but all effectswas in the acceptable range for clinical use.

Peel bond strength between 3D printing tray materials and elastomeric impression/adhesive systems: A laboratory study

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the bonding between three 3D printed custom tray materials and three elastomeric impression/adhesive systems using the peel test. MethodsTest blocks were 3D printed by three different technologies using Dental LT, FREEPRINT tray, and polylactide (PLA) tray materials. The reference test blocks were conventionally fabricated with Zeta Tray LC, a light-curing resin. The surface topographies of the four tray materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses and roughness measurements. The peel bond strength between the four tray materials and three impression/adhesive systems, vinylsiloxanether (VSXE), vinyl polysiloxane (VPS), and polyether (PE), was measured (n=12 per group). The peeling failure modes and rupture sites were identified microscopically. ResultsThe four tray materials featured different surface topographies. The peel bond strength was not significantly different with VSXE and PE, but PLA and the reference showed higher peel bond strength with VPS than the Dental LT and FREEPRINT tray (p<0.05). The rupture site of adhesive failure in all groups was partly at the adhesive-impression material interface and partly within the adhesive but never at the adhesive-tray material interface. SignificanceThe 3D printed tray materials can achieve satisfactory chemical compatibility with the adhesives of VSXE, VPS, and PE. Surface topographies generated by the 3D printing technologies may affect bonding. Generally, 3D printed tray materials can provide clinically adequate bond strength with the elastomeric impression/adhesive systems. PLA is recommended for bonding with VPS when severe impression removal resistance is detected.

Effect of plasma treatment on the peel bond strength between maxillofacial silicones and resins.

The study aimed to investigate the effects of surface treatments, including plasma, on the peel bond strength between two maxillofacial silicones and two resins with and without thermocycling. Forty-eight experimental groups (n=10) were generated incorporating the two different resins (auto-polymerizing acrylic resin and light-curing urethane dimethacrylate resin [AR and LR, respectively]), two different silicones (M511 and Z004), aging (thermocycled/no thermocycling), and six different surface treatments, including polishing, grinding, polishing+argon plasma, polishing+oxygen plasma, grinding+argon plasma, and grinding+oxygen plasma. Surface topography of a specimen from each surface treatment group was examined by atomic force microscopy. After surface treatments, silicones were polymerized. The peel bond strength values of the control and thermocycled groups were determined. Atomic force microscopy showed that surface topographies of the ground specimens were irregular. Polished specimens showed higher peel bond strength than ground specimens. Plasma application appeared to have improved the bond strength between the resins and silicones.

The Effectiveness of Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Micro-Particles Addition into Soft Denture Lining Material on Tensile strength and Peel bond Strength of Soft Denture Lining Material

Naturally available products have been used widely for centuries in handling human disease. The present study aimed to determine the effect of aluminum potassium sulfate addition into the soft liner on tensile strength and peel bond strength. The effect of aluminum potassium sulfate evaluated by two methods, first one include incorporation of KAL (SO4)2 into soft liner monomer in concentration (2%,3% by wt.) while the second method include immersion of soft liner specimens in solution of KAL(SO4)2 in concentration(5%,10% percent) during time periods (0,10 minutes). In conclusions, the results of current study encourage use KAL (SO4)2 within soft liner material