Peel Adhesion Test Research Articles

Effect of Fluid Paraffin on the Formulation Properties of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Formulations Containing Diclofenac Sodium.

Understanding the relationship between the release characteristics of the active ingredient in the tape formulation and the pharmaceutical characteristics of the adhesive layer can optimize therapeutic efficacy and improve patient adherence. This study aimed to clarify the effect of liquid paraffine (LP)/styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) triblock copolymer ratio on pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) formulation properties, such as adhesive properties and drug release, with a certain amount of diclofenac sodium (DFS) and tackifier. The effects of changes in PSA composition in DFS-containing tape formulations on adhesive and drug release properties were evaluated. The viscoelasticity results showed rigid gel-like behavior at low angular frequencies regardless of the LP/SIS ratio, and deformable gel-like behavior at high angular frequencies, with a maximum plasticizing effect of LP up to an LP/SIS ratio of 3.7. The peel adhesion test results showed that peel adhesion was not affected, but indicated a decreasing trend by increasing the LP/SIS ratio in the presence of DFS. Drug release test results showed that DFS release increased up to 24h for LP/SIS ratios of up to 3.7, but decreased when the LP/SIS ratio was 6. The results of the drug permeation tests were similar to those of the drug release tests. In conclusion, it is possible to change the drug release properties by changing the amount of LP in the tape formulation; however, no definitive correlation was found between the adhesive and drug release properties.

Localized surface roughening to improve adhesion of electroless seed layer in through-glass vias

This article reports the improvement of the adhesion of the electroless seed layer deposited on glass substrates used in creating through-glass vias (TGV) by localized surface roughening. Four glass substrates having varying roughness characteristics were prepared by electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) and ultrasonic machining (USM). The electroless nickel seed layer was deposited directly on glass without any adhesion layer, followed by electrodeposited copper layers. In-depth surface topography and morphology analysis reveal the mechanism behind the improved adhesion during standard peel and cross-hatch adhesion tests, which were used to determine the interlayer adhesion.Localized roughening techniques generated specific microfeatures, i.e., microgrooves (in USM) or ridges (in ECDM), increasing the surface area. These features acted as interlocking/nucleation sites to hold the electroless nickel atoms, resulting in higher interfacial adhesion. USM-roughened samples exhibited stronger interfacial adhesion than their ECDM-roughened counterparts, which indicated that the interlayer adhesion depends on topography and the roughened surface's morphology. The surface with negative skewness and positive excess kurtosis promotes mechanical interlocking, offering a promising strategy for enhancing interlayer adhesion. Finally, conformal deposition in a 6 × 6 array of through-holes having an aspect ratio of ∼4 was also demonstrated.

A Bio-Based Tackifier Synthesized by Room-Temperature Cationic Copolymerization of Isobutene and β-Pinene

Whereas the cationic homopolymerization of β-pinene and isobutene (IB) have been extensively studied, their copolymerization is still very scarce, and the conditions under which copolymerization can occur are limited to extremely low temperatures. Moreover, the application of the copolymer has not been reported. Here, a series of room-temperature copolymerizations of β-pinene and IB, using group 13 compounds as catalysts, were conducted. The copolymerizations yielded a low molecular weight (Mn ~ 103) and a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 2.0) copolymer, with a satisfactory yield at various comonomer feeds, and their glass transition temperature was predictable from the comonomer composition. Furthermore, the tackifying property of the obtained copolymer was investigated using a 180° peel adhesion test. A blend polymer of the copolymer and a styrene-isoprene triblock copolymer showed a high peeling force (0.58 ± 0.14 N/10 mm) and a glass transition temperature low enough for its application as a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

Generic selection criteria for safety and patient benefit [Ⅻ]: Comparing the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of brand-name and generic tulobuterol tape.

Physicochemical properties (drug release, peel strength, adhesion, and stiffness) of Hokunalin® Tape (Hokunalin) and 13 generic transdermal bronchodilator patches containing tulobuterol were characterized and evaluated for comparison. Drug-release studies evaluating sustained release behavior demonstrated better performance by the drug Hokunalin, than the generics MED, YP, Sawai, and Teikoku. Hokunalin yield a 16.2% release 1 hour after initiation, 30.1% at 3 hours, 50.0% at 8 hours. In comparison, the generics MED, YP, Sawai, and Teikoku showed an intermediate release behavior to that of Hokunalin, with more than 80% release after 8 hours. A 90-degree peel adhesion test for tape peel strength demonstrated that the generic MED (4.99 N), YP (3.26 N), Sawai (4.17 N), and Teikoku (4.37 N) tapes yielded significantly higher values compared to Hokunalin (2.66 N). Probe tack tests, evaluating adhesive strength, yielded significantly higher values for the generics HMT (4.89 N)and Towa (4.25 N) compared to Hokunalin (3.66 N). Furthermore, for the stiffness-softness test, a significantly higher value was obtained for each generic yielded compared to Hokunalin (3.7-degree). These factors are important components of product qualities that affect treatment efficacy, including "ease of application" and other usability factors.

Hybridization Effect on Interlaminar Bond Strength, Flexural Properties, and Hardness of Carbon-Flax Fiber Thermoplastic Bio-Composites.

Hybridizing carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers with natural fibers could be a solution to prevent delamination and improve the out-of-plane properties of laminated composites. Delamination is one of the initial damage modes in composite laminates, attributed to relatively poor interlaminar mechanical properties, e.g., low interlaminar strength and fracture toughness. This study examined the interlaminar bond strength, flexural properties, and hardness of carbon/flax/polyamide hybrid bio-composites using peel adhesion, three-point bending, and macro-hardness tests, respectively. In this regard, interlayer hybrid laminates were produced with a sandwich fiber hybrid mode, using woven carbon fiber plies (C) as the outer layers and woven flax fiber plies (F) as the inner ones (CFFC) in combination with a bio-based thermoplastic polyamide 11 matrix. In addition, non-hybrid carbon and flax fiber composites with the same matrix were produced as reference laminates to investigate the hybridization effects. The results revealed the advantages of hybridization in terms of flexural properties, including a 212% higher modulus and a 265% higher strength compared to pure flax composites and a 34% higher failure strain compared to pure carbon composites. Additionally, the hybrid composites exhibited a positive hybridization effect in terms of peeling strength, demonstrating a 27% improvement compared to the pure carbon composites. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanical performance of woven carbon-flax hybrid bio-composites, suggesting potential applications in the automotive and construction industries.

Quantification of Surface Relation Between Experimental Polylactic Acid Dental Matrix and Type II Glass Ionomers Using Peel Adhesion Test and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

Type II glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a posterior restorative material that is generally not recommended for interaction with stainless steel due to chemical ion exchange. The purpose of this study is to quantify the surface relation of experimental three-dimensional (3D)-printed polylacticacid (PLA) and type II GIC using the peel adhesion test and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Experimental PLA dental matrix specimens were 3D printed in the form of an open circumferential dental matrix (75x6x0.0055 mm) using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) machine. The peel resistance test (ASTM D1876) was applied to determine the relative peel resistance of the adhesive bonds between the PLA dental matrix, traditional circumferential stainless steel (SS) matrix, and GIC. The PLA bands were characterized using an FT-IR spectrophotometer (Spectrum 100, PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) for the simultaneous determination of the chemical relationships of the surfaces before and after the GIC was set in a simulated class II cavity model. The mean peel strengths (P/b) ± standard deviations of the PLA and SS dental matrix bands were 0.0017 ± 0.0003 N/mm and 0.3122 ± 0.0042 N/mm, respectively. The -C H stretching was observed at 3383 cm-1 after adhesion, which corresponded to vibrational movements on the surface. It required ~184 times less force to separate the GIC from the PLA surface compared to the traditional SS matrix.Additionally, there was no evidence of a new chemical bond or strong chemical interaction occurring between the GIC and the experimental PLA dental matrix.

(Invited) Understanding the Coupled Electrochemical-Mechanical Behavior of Materials for Improving the Performance and Durability of Lithium-Ion Batteries

With an increasing demand for higher energy and power density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the coupled electrochemical-mechanical degradation of electrode materials becomes a more pressing problem. In particular, fracture and delamination of electrodes can occur during repeated charging and discharging of LIBs. An improved understanding of the mechanical behavior of electrode materials, which often evolves with the state-of-charge and cycle number, is therefore necessary for improving the performance and durability of LIBs and other types of batteries. In this presentation, I will provide an overview of our recent work on using four complementary measurement techniques: (1) electrochemical nanoindentation, (2) scanning probe microscopy, (3) peel adhesion and cohesion test, and (4) electrode curvature measurement to help understand several coupled effects between mechanical and electrochemical behavior of materials on the performance and durability of high capacity electrodes. Examples include silicon/polymer porous composite electrodes, polymeric binders, lithium metal electrodes, and ceramic materials for the positive electrode and solid-state electrolyte. These characterization techniques may also be used to investigate the coupled electrochemical-mechanical behavior of a wide range of materials for lithium-ion batteries and beyond.

Adhesion properties of tartaric sulfuric acid anodic films assessed by a fast and quantitative peel tape adhesion test

The adhesion capabilities of sulfuric acid and tartaric-sulfuric-acid anodic oxide films on cladded AA2024-T3 aluminium substrates have been investigated in a quantitative manner. A relatively simple, versatile and industrially applicable test methodology based on DIN EN ISO 29862 has been used. In addition, the effect of anodising process parameters on the oxide film morphology has been studied and correlated with the adhesion results. The process parameters considered are the chemistry of the acidic pickling pre-treatment step, the addition of tartaric acid to the sulfuric acid electrolyte, the formation voltage, and the electrolyte temperature. The suggested tape peel adhesion test is able to differentiate among pre-treatments and anodising conditions showing a good correlation with the morphological features at the ultimate surface. High peel adhesion strengths are measured when topographies such as pore mouth widening and dissolution-driven roughness take place. These morphologies are typically found in anodic layers formed at elevated electrolyte temperatures. The proposed method can be beneficial for a fast assessment of anodising parameters for good adhesion, which is of special interest for the industrial optimisation of anodising processes.

INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT OF 3LPE COATED PIPES STORED IN OPEN ENVIRONMENT FOR SEVERAL YEARS

In present study integrity assessment of 3 layer PE coated pipes is discussed. Pipes were 3LPE coated several years ago and stored in open yard with direct exposure to environmental conditions. Several inspection and testing including visual inspection, Peel adhesion test, Impact test and continuity tests as specified for 3 layer PE coating in DIN 30670 has been performed to assess the integrity of coating. Inspection and testing results performed after several years of storage were found satisfactory however loss of gloss of coating is observed moreover it is recommended to perform UV degradation test to assess degradation percentage due to UV exposure by sun.

Measuring and Reducing Contact Resistance at the Current Collector

One significant challenge hindering fast-charging in lithium-ion batteries is electrical resistance between electrode films and their current collectors. This contact resistance also causes undesired energy losses during discharge. This work demonstrates an accurate way to measure contact resistance and examines factors that can decrease contact resistance.One large contributor to contact resistance is if the film delaminates from the current collector. The tendency toward delamination can be measured by a peel strength or adhesion test, making it a common test used by manufacturers. As part of this work, we test how correlated peel strength is to pre-delamination contact resistance. The hypothesis is that a film with poor adhesion will tend to have higher contact resistance.To measure contact resistance, we use a probe system previously developed by our group [1] to send a current through points on the electrode surface and measure how the current spreads. The method is nondestructive and provides localized measurements.We examined three different strategies for decreasing contact resistance: changing electrode composition, adding oxalic acid, and using carbon-coated current collectors. We considered four types of electrodes: three cathodes of varying percentages of active material (96%, 94%, and 92%) and one anode. For each type and composition, we created three treatment groups: a baseline or control group, a group using oxalic acid, and a group with carbon-coated current collectors.As an example of our results, Figure 1a shows the contact resistances for all three variants of the cathode with 94% active material. Oxalic acid served to decrease contact resistance by 27.9% whereas the carbon coating reduced the contact resistance by 57.9%. Contact resistance results are also compared to peel strength measurements, as illustrated in Figure 1b.

Improving adhesion between polyester cord and rubber by using glycidyl‐POSS

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) cords are usually coated with epoxy and/or isocyanate solutions (like methylene diphenyl diisocyanate [MDI]) before resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐latex (RFL) to increase the adhesion efficiency of RFL. In this article, the addition of glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (GPOSS) as an adhesion promoter to PET cord was investigated for reinforcing PET cord/rubber interfacial adhesion. Therefore, GPOSS treated PET cords (GPOSS + MDI + RFL) were prepared in different process conditions like different GPOSS ratios and oven curing times and then vulcanized with rubber. RFL, GPOSS + RFL, MDI + RFL, and commercial epoxies treated PET cord samples were also prepared for comparison with GPOSS+MDI + RFL treated PET cord. The thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the treated PET yarn and their composites with rubber were investigated. It was seen that in the GPOSS coated PET yarns increased the stiffness and no change was observed in the tensile strength of the PET yarns. It was determined that the utilization of GPOSS in the PET cord improved the adhesion of the cord to rubber when compared with other treated PET cords via H‐adhesion and strip peel adhesion tests. Especially, since adhesion values give better results than commercially used epoxies, GPOSS as an adhesion promoter can be recommended in the rubber industry.

Carbon-containing-titania coated stainless steel prepared by high voltage powder spray coating and its adhesion phenomena

Nowadays, many studies involve coating materials on stainless steel prepared by various methods, and many approaches have been taken to improve the abrasion resistance of the coatings. Here, the attachment of carbon/titania (C/TiO2) on stainless steel and the evaluation of its coating adhesion is reported. The commercially available epoxy resin was used as the source of carbon, and the transformation from epoxy resin to pyrolytic carbon was performed. It is proposed that the incorporation of an inorganic particle will improve the adhesion properties through the reduction of the carbon shrinkage. C/TiO2 was prepared from the mixture of commercialized epoxy resin (Oxyplast PR12®) and anatase TiO2 powder, followed by spraying the mixture onto stainless steel (AISI 304) surface using high voltage powder spray coating (HVPSC). The sprayed powders on stainless steel underwent pyrolysis at several temperatures from 300 to 700 °C for an hour to determine the optimum temperature for excellent adhesion. The physical properties of C/TiO2 coated samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), surface profiler meter and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. The FTIR analysis of C/TiO2 coating identified the appearance of peaks CH sp3, CO, CO, and TiO. It was noticed that the absorption band of CH sp3, CO, and CO slowly disappeared as the pyrolysis temperature increased, indicating that the structure changed from epoxide to pyrolytic carbon. FESEM images showed that the TiO2 particles were fully covered with the carbon layer, and the thickness was determined to be in the range of 4.8–15.5 μm. The abrasive and peel adhesion test was performed, showing no detachment of coated material of C/TiO2 pyrolyzed at 300 °C, suggesting that this temperature produces the best coating adhesion. The carbon-based coating adhesion phenomena were elucidated by XPS analysis of Fe2p, C1s, and Ti2p element peaks. It was demonstrated that the presence of an oxide layer on stainless steel, availability of functional groups, and structure shrinkage were the factors that affect the adhesion of the carbonaceous coating. The structure shrinkage was reduced due to the presence of TiO2, which is associated with strong coating adhesion. This demonstrated that the carbonaceous coating produced by HVPSC formed an excellent adhesion in the presence of TiO2.

Synthesis and Application of a Cationic Polyamine as Yankee Dryer Coating Agent for the Tissue Paper-Making Process.

Tissue paper is of high importance worldwide and, continuously, research is focused on improvements of the softening and durability properties of the paper which depend specifically on the production process. Polyamide-amine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins along with release agents are widely used to adhere the paper to the yankee dryer (creping cylinder) in paper manufacture. Nevertheless, these resins are highly cationic and they normally adhere in excess to the paper which negatively affects the creping process and the quality of the paper. For this reason, a low cationic polyamine-epichlorohydrin coating (Polycoat 38®) was synthesized from a diamine supplied by Disproquin S.A.S. and epichlorohydrin. The analysis of the synthesized polymer was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The molecular weight of the polymer was obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), physical-chemical properties such as kinematic viscosity, percentage of solids, density, charge density were measured and compared with a commercial PAE resin (Dispro620®) Thermal stability of the Polycoat 38® and glass transition temperature in presence of a release agent (Disprosol 17®) were also evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Finally, a peel adhesion test and an absorption durability assessment were carried out together with the evaluation of the creeping efficiency of the paper by caliber and tensile measurements in a tissue (towel paper) production plant, demonstrating a superior performance in the paper creping process as compared to some commercially available products.

Newly developed thermoplastic polyolefin encapsulant–A potential candidate for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules encapsulation

Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) is a newly developed non-crosslinking material for photovoltaic (PV) module lamination as an alternative to ethylene–vinyl-acetate (EVA) encapsulant. This article assesses its applicability as an encapsulant material. We report the results of various characterization tests for discoloration, optical, and thermal properties degradation before and after the UV accelerated test. To evaluate its weathering stability, the UV-365 acceleration test has been conducted on the glass to glass TPO laminate, with EVA as a benchmark. In 50 days of weatherability tests, the transmittance of EVA significantly reduced while TPO remained almost unchanged. The discoloration of TPO is around nine times slower than that of EVA. The analytical tools like Raman spectroscopy, fluorescent imaging, and spectra have been used to assess the degradation behavior, which indicates a clear difference between EVA and TPO based encapsulant. Thermal properties (glass and melt transitions) of TPO and EVA have been studied through heat-cool-heat cycle testing by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). This test confirmed that TPO thermal properties remain almost unchanged, whereas EVA shows significant changes after 50 days of UV exposure. In the thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) results, we found that TPO is stable till a significantly higher temperature than EVA. Additionally, the 180° peel adhesion test suggests that TPO has a higher adhesion strength than EVA. This work will help in understanding the applicability of newly developed non-crosslinking TPO as a potential replacement for EVA for the PV modules.

A Study on the Fabric Substrates With Fine-Pitch Laminated Cu Metal Patterns Using B-Stage Adhesive Films

Cu pattern-laminated fabric substrates using epoxy-based B-stage adhesive films were demonstrated. Fine-pitch Cu electrical patterns were fabricated on B-stage adhesive films and then laminated to fabrics. As a result, fabric substrates having minimum Cu line width of $80~\mu \text{m}$ were successfully fabricated without any Cu lines displacement and fabric damages. First, the effects of the curing properties of adhesive films on fine-pitch Cu patterning were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and a 90° peel adhesion test. In addition, the morphology of the Cu pattern-laminated fabric substrates was observed depending on the viscosity of epoxy laminating adhesive film. Finally, the effects of film moduli on the dynamic bending fatigue properties were investigated experimentally and theoretically.

Heating behavior and adhesion performance of induction-heated multilayered thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive film

ABSTRACT A multilayer thermoplastic urethane (TPU) adhesive system was developed to achieve higher heat generation efficiency and adhesion by using the same amount of nickel particles in an induction heating process. The results of the present study show that a higher heat generation efficiency and peel adhesion strength were achieved with a higher density of nickel particles in the core layer, even for a constant 20 phr nickel particle content in the 200 μm film. The heat generation mechanism of the 70 nm nickel particles was confirmed as hysteresis heat loss by calculating the magnetic penetration skin depth. The results of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis show that the observed failure mode was substrate failure in the peel adhesion test, and the nickel particles of the core layer were spread on the TPU adhesive film at the top and bottom. In conclusion, the multilayer structure, including the high-density susceptor core layer at the center of the adhesive film, can be employed for industrial applications to enable highly efficient heat generation and improvement in adhesion strength.

High voltage powder spray coating as a new method for the preparation of carbon-titania coated stainless steel

High voltage powder spray coating (HVPSC) is one of the methods used for coating substrate with polymer powder in industries. This study utilizes HVPSC as a new deposition method of carbon-based powdered materials on stainless steel. Carbon-titania (C/TiO2) coated stainless steel was successfully prepared from the mixture of epoxide and titania powder, sprayed onto stainless steel plate using HVPSC, followed by pyrolysis at 300 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The functional group of C/TiO2 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, where the FTIR spectrum showed the presence of C─H sp3, C═O, C─O, and Ti─O peaks. The morphology of the C/TiO2 sample studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) clearly shows that the particles of TiO2 were coated with carbon on their surface. The coating performance was evaluated through the abrasion test and showed no weight loss. Adhesion of C/TiO2 coating was also tested in the peel adhesion test and the result showed that the attachment of C/TiO2 on the stainless steel is very strong. It has been proven that the HVPSC method is not only a simple technique to coat materials but also a very durable one

Silicone-based adhesives for long-term skin application: cleaning protocols and their effect on peel strength

Adhesives that involve adhesion to the skin have been of great technological importance in medical or pharmaceutical fields, including recently emerging wearable sensors and electronics. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performances of silicone-based adhesives with skin, using a peel adhesion test. Specifically, we explored the effect of adhesive cleansing, which is an inevitable daily event for patients’ comfort in long-term applications. Firstly, three medical grade silicone gels, Silbione® RT 4717, Silbione® RT 4642, and Silpuran® 2130, were used to fabricate adhesive pads. Their peel strength values were subsequently measured and compared, among which Silbione® RT gel 4717 possessed the highest peel strength. Therefore, it was selected as the raw material to fabricate the pads with a thickness range of 640–740 μm. Secondly, the peel adhesion of Silbione® RT 4717 adhesive pad was further compared with a series of commercial products that employ various medical-grade adhesives. The peel strength results indicated that our custom-made adhesive pad had an adequately strong adhesion for clinical use. Thirdly, in order to observe and predict the long-term performance of the adhesives, an aging test was performed in an ambient environment, revealing that Silbione® RT 4717 adhesive remained highly sticky for 5 days. Lastly, adequate cleansing protocols were established by monitoring the changes in peel strength after washing and wiping events. The reusability analysis showed that Silbione® 4717 adhesive pad was reusable in a one-week period for the washing method and 3 days for the wiping method.

The effect of MIO pigments on corrosion resistance and adhesion of synthetic rubber-based primer

In this research, the corrosion resistance and adhesion property of a synthetic rubber-based primer reinforced with different ratios of micaceous iron oxide (MIO) pigments were studied. Coatings were applied on carbon steel panels and also on steel pipes of 219.1 mm outer diameter. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the dispersion of MIO particles in the rubbery matrix. The anticorrosion performance of the coatings was studied, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray tests. In addition, the adhesion of primers to carbon steel substrates was evaluated by pull-off test. In order to investigate the effect of MIO particles on the flexibility of the pigmented primers, a cupping test was conducted. The adhesion of cold-applied tape to the formulated primers was assessed by peel adhesion test using hanging mass method. The results indicated that adding 5, 10, and 15 wt% of MIO pigments into the primer improved corrosion resistance of the coatings. An increase in the MIO loading up to 10 wt%, improved the adhesion of the primer to both steel substrate and cold-applied tape.

Comparison of adhesion and dissolution of fentanyl patches: Fentadur® and Durogesic DTrans®

Fentanyl is a potent opioid used as an analgesic for pain therapy. Fentanyl patches have been developed using patch design technologies that use the transdermal route. The aim of this study was to compare the adhesion and dissolution properties of two fentanyl patches, Fentadur® (Pfizer Inc., USA) and Durogesic DTrans® (Janssen-Cilag, Inc., USA), which were designed as a reservoir and a matrix, respectively. For the characterization of fentanyl patches, a 180° peel adhesion test and a dissolution test were performed at 12 and 100 μg/h of fentanyl patches. Specifically, the dissolution of fentanyl patches was tested at 32 and 40 °C using the USP apparatus 6 and the released fentanyl was analyzed using LC–MS/MS. Fentadur® and Durogesic DTrans® had acceptable adhesion forces over 150 gf using 12 mm of fentanyl patches. Comparing adhesion forces of Fentadur® and Durogesic DTrans®, Fentadur® had lower adhesion force values than Durogesic DTrans®. The release of fentanyl in Fentadur® was lower than that in Durogesic DTrans®, except for 100 μg/h Fentadur® at 40 °C over 12–48 h. The results show that Fentadur® and Durogesic DTrans® had the different properties of adhesion and dissolution, which could be critical factors for the prediction of clinical use.