Peculiarities Of Construction Research Articles

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОНСТРУКТИВНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРИ ВИЗНАЧЕННІ АВТОРСТВА ТЕКСТІВ

The development of the constructor, which allows displaying the sentences construction peculiarities for different authors, is presented. This approach takes into account the sentences structure characteristic of an individual author and can be used to detect plagiarism and establish the authorship of texts in various genres and styles. Thanks to which, the usual paraphrasing of the work or changing the order of sections, sentences or words will not become an obstacle for authorship determining. The proposed approach is promising and low-cost in terms of calculation capacity, unlike the existing ones. This way of the sentences construction representation is presented for the very first.

Dimensions of constructional meanings in the German Constructicon: Why collo-profiles matter

Abstract A constructicon, i.e., a structured inventory of constructions, essentially aims at documenting functions of lexical and grammatical constructions. Among other parameters, so-called constructional collo-profiles, as introduced by Herbst (2018, 2020), are conclusive for determining constructional meanings. They provide information on how relevant individual words are for construction slots, they hint at usage preferences of constructions and serve as a helpful indicator for semantic peculiarities of constructions. However, even though collo-profiles constitute an indispensable component of constructicon entries, they pose major challengers for constructicographers: For a constructicographic enterprise it is not feasible to conduct collostructional analyses for hundreds or even thousands of constructions. In this article, we introduce a procedure based on the large language model BERT that allows to predict collo-profiles without having to extensively annotate instances of constructions in a given corpus. Specifically, by discussing the constructions X macht Y ADJP (‘x makes Y ADJ’, e.g. he drives him crazy) and N1 PREP N1 (e.g., bumper to bumper, constructions over constructions), we show how the developed automated system generates collo-profiles based on a limited number of annotated instances. Finally, we place collo-profiles alongside other dimensions of constructional meanings included in the German Constructicon.

Analysis of modern approaches to the design and construction of arch bridges using tube-reinforced concrete

This article is a part of the author’s dissertation research. The paper discusses experience of application of tube-reinforced concrete structures in bridge construction on the example of facilities built over the last 30 years in the People’s Republic of China. The peculiarities of the bridge construction over the Xun River in Pingnan County, Guangxi Province, with a record span are considered. The author has made a review of outstanding facilities built with the use of long span braced arches made of tube-reinforced concrete elements working mainly in off-centre compression. Various tube-reinforced concrete arch bridge spans erection techniques, advantages and disadvantages of each method are considered. The technology of tube concrete coating, designs and construction methods of facilities with the use of long span solid cross-section arches with a tie for the bridge constructions of medium and large spans are analysed in detail. The review of modern research works in the field of bending arches operation is carried out, in comparison with the model assuming the operation of the tube-reinforced concrete element as an off-centre compressed column is made, which in the future can provide more effective use of material properties in design. Modern approaches to the tube-reinforced concrete elements study are considered. It is concluded that there is a large amount of research on the work of tube-reinforced concrete in off-centre compression with insufficient experimental data on the work of arch tube-reinforced concrete structures working in bending. It is of interest to study the possibility of tube-reinforced concrete application for small spans in the bridge construction. The author has established the prospect of using tube-reinforced concrete structures for arch spans in the construction of small soil-backfilled bridges, which is especially important in areas remote from the construction industry with a poorly developed network of motorways. The necessity of carrying out the bending tube-reinforced concrete structures research works for realisation of this purpose is revealed.

МОТИВАЦИОННОЕ ПИСЬМО С ПОЗИЦИЙ ПОЛИПАРАДИГМАЛЬНОГО ПОДХОДА

The article focuses on the study of motivation letter which is a personalized document created by an applicant for a competitive position in business and academic environment. The aim of the article is to present a comprehensive interpretation of motivational writing at the intersection of different research concepts and communicative practices. The empirical base was made up of motivation letters prepared by American, British and Russian applicants for admission to various educational programs, as well as recommendations offered by universities on how to compose such texts. The main research method was a polyparadigm approach including discursive, linguocultural, narratological, genre, linguistic and stylistic aspects. The results of the study demonstrate that the motivation letter is an imperative and initial speech genre, with a hierarchical — from bottom to top — vector of relations between the author and the addressee. The content of the message reflects the development of professional and personal qualities of the applicant in a retrospective-perspective manner, whereas the form is determined by a set of structural elements (greeting, exposition, main part, conclusion). The article considers the peculiarities of lexical nominations and grammatical constructions used to express the meanings which are significant for the participants of communication. It proves that the techniques of storytelling and the use of functional-stylistic means lead to the hybridization of motivational writing as a result of interaction of academic, colloquial, administrative and artistic discourses. Particular attention is paid to the identification and description of the implementation of communicative canons, genre-stylistic norms, language standards in the Russian and Western linguocultures.

Structural concept and analysis of the 16- and 14-story base isolated apartment buildings constructed on one stylobate in the multifunctional complex “Arami”

Seismic isolation strategies were developed in Armenia due to the efforts of the author of this paper. Many medium and high-rise base isolated buildings were constructed in different regions of the country. Among them there are multi-story residential and business center complexes with parking floors and with floors envisaged for offices, shopping centers, fitness clubs, etc. Some complexes are briefly mentioned in the paper. However, the main information in this paper is given to describe the 16- and 14-story base isolated apartment buildings constructed on one stylobate in the multifunctional complex “Arami” in the city of Yerevan. The complex has unique structural concept, including the suggested by the author approach on installation by clusters of seismic isolation laminated rubber-steel bearings (SILRSBs) in seismic isolation interfaces of these buildings. Some details of the suggested concepts and construction peculiarities are described. Also, some results of the earthquake response analyses are given. The building was analyzed using several time histories and also according to the requirements of the Armenian Seismic Code.

Methods of Intellectual Text Analysis

Purpose. Natural language text processing techniques are used to solve a wide range of tasks. One of the most difficult tasks when working with natural language texts for different languages is to find certain indicators for further determining its authorship. The problem is still relevant due to the lack of a unified tool or method for working with texts in different languages. Working with texts in Ukrainian requires taking into account its peculiarities of word and sentence construction to obtain the best result. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the existing methods of text processing, their features and effectiveness in working with texts of different languages. Methodology. Natural language text processing methods are systematized by type and format, according to the tools and approaches used. For each method, its features, effectiveness, scope, and limitations are considered. The means of system analysis were used to form the final characterization of the method, taking into account its purpose and capabilities. Findings. The study of methods has revealed the following ones used for the intellectual analysis of texts in different languages, their scope, effectiveness in working with different languages, strengths and weaknesses. This will make it possible to choose an effective toolkit for working with Ukrainian texts. It has been established that intelligent text processing is a complex task that requires an individual approach to each language to take into account its peculiarities and obtain the best result. Originality. The basis for choosing an effective method for working with Ukrainian-language texts is formed, the existing methods of intellectual text processing, their application features, capabilities and efficiency in working with texts of different languages are analyzed and systematized. Practical value. The work allowed us to identify the most promising, effective and appropriate methods of intellectual analysis of natural language texts in order to use them for processing Ukrainian-language texts in the future.

Сравнительные конструкции в поэзии и прозе А. С. Пушкина: структура, семантика, функционирование

The aim of the research is to identify the peculiarities of comparative constructions (similes) in A. S. Pushkin’s prose and poetry from the standpoint of structure, semantics and functions. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: the paper presents the results of the analysis of all contexts retrieved from the Russian National Corpus containing the comparative constructions that have not been a particular research object. In addition, the paper presents a detailed structural and semantic classification of the comparative constructions and proposes a linguistic algorithm for the identification of the similes’ functions. As a result of the research, the particular semantic features of the words naming the tertium comparationis have been described. The predominance of figurative similes over logic ones (almost 12 times as much) has been stated; some conclusions about A. S. Pushkin’s author’s consciousness have been made. The most frequent tertia comparationis are emotions, motion and perception. The explicitly expressed tertia comparationis prevail over the implicitly expressed ones, which signifies the author’s unconscious urge to articulate the grounds for the comparisons of various entities. Besides, the most frequently actualized conceptual sphere is the PERSON, therefore, a human being plays a special role for A. S. Pushkin when producing similes.

Administrative Liability for Discrediting the Activities of Public Authorities

The subject of the analysis is the relations and activities of law enforcement agencies related to the qualification of administrative offenses aimed at discrediting the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and state authorities in the context of unfriendly relations and armed confrontation between individual countries. Forces of the Russian Federation and public authorities in the conditions of unfriendly attitudes and armed confrontation of certain countries. The purpose of the study is to clarify the phenomenon of verbal and intensional offences of psycho-emotional type, the peculiarities of construction, design and deconstruction of the main elements of the composition of this type of administrative offences. Clarification of the criteria for the separation of conditionally lawful and categorically unlawful act expressed as a negative statement or aggressive unstable attitude of the psychological state of the person who committed an administrative offence also is the purpose of this paper. The research methods are based on the application of the legal text and correlation of the context of circumstances from the positions of the main provisions of propositional logic (derivation of categorical judgements about the meaning of certain terms with uncertain semantics (discrediting, publicity, targeting, etc.)). The doctrine of multiple predicates (which allowed building of matrix structures of admissibility of imputation of an unlawful act to a subject with a certain legal status only, as well as situational negation of admissibility of its imputation, if a full map of the subject's legal status is not available) is also used in the present research. Besides, design of modal constructions (rules of qualification of administrative offences of psycho-emotional type), as well as the logic of evaluations (in terms of weak and strong statements about prohibited or permissible statements about the activity of representatives of the authorities in certain conditions or in certain ways) is used as effective research method . The main conclusions of the study are expressed in the assertion of the priority establishment of amenability and punishability for offences related to the formation of destructive anti-cultural stereotypes, false ideological attitudes, belittling of the traditional way of life and denial of vital foundations of Russian society, the need to eliminate legal constructions with vague and unclear content. Increased attention should be paid to the semantic analysis and targeting of the offender's phrases precisely to replace the upheld public position with egoistic aspirations and planting the priority of personal misconceptions. It is necessary to introduce a separate category of rules of information and semantic analysis when imputing this or that administrative offence.

Peculiarities in Construction of Amplifiers of the Piezo-Beam Signal for a Laboratory Hydro-Acoustic Research Complex

Peculiarities in Construction of Amplifiers of the Piezo-Beam Signal for a Laboratory Hydro-Acoustic Research Complex

Methodical bases of processing the results of research on guided and unguided missiles solid fuel engines

In the article is given methodical approach of determining and confirming of main traction force characteristics of different purpose missiles solid fuel engines. The probability of failure-free operation at the define functionality time is proposed as basis reliability rate, which is calculated with taking into account the structural functional scheme of solid fuel engines which are under research. This approach allows to taking into account the construction peculiarities of engines components parts and elements and interconnection between them. In the article also given interconnection between speed of guided missiles at the end of active flying trajectory and traction force impulse of their solid fuel engines which are defining from tests results.

ETHNIC TOURISM AS A PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY OF THE LVIV REGION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL RISKS

The prospects for the development of ethnic tourism in Lviv region in the conditions of quarantine and armed resistance to russian aggression are revealed. At the same time, ethnic tourism is considered as the use of cultural resources of ethnic minorities of Ukraine in tourist activities, including visits by tourists to places of concentration of monuments of traditional culture and life of ethnographic groups of the Ukrainian people, i.e. ethnographic tourism. It is concluded that the motivations of ethnic tourism in general and ethnographic tourism in particular are both the desire for tourists to visit places of their historical residence, and the desire to learn about the cultural characteristics of various peoples and ethnographic groups.
 Considering the modern mainly monoethnic character of Lviv region, ethnographic tourism has every reason to become the basis of ethnic tourism in the region. The informational prerequisite for the organization of ethnographic tourism is ethnographic zoning, taking into account the peculiarities of Ukrainian traditional construction and local dialects, which made it possible to distinguish five ethnographic districts: Boyko`s, Pidighiria`s, Nadsyannia`s, Roztotchia-Opillia`s, Pobuzia-Styrs`s. Within each of these districts, important objects for the development of ethnographic tourism have been identified. Thus, wooden churches, bell towers, museums, and artistic woodwork are of the greatest importance in the Boyko`s ethnographic district. The peculiarity of the Pidigiria ethnographic district is the wide spread of folk arts and crafts (shoemaking, ceramics, embroidery), traditional production, in particular, salt. A characteristic feature of Nadsiania is the noticeable Polish influence on the traditional culture of the Ukrainian people, which is due to both the geographical location and the placement of individual Polish settlements, which gives Ukrainian traditional culture (embroidery, carpet making, traditional sacred construction) a special flavor. The Roztotchia-Opillia ethnographic district occupies a central geographical position in the region and concentrates significant resources for the development of ethnographic tourism, among which the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life in Lviv is of leading importance. Within the boundaries of this district there are notable ancient settlements that already attract large groups of tourists , and centers of weaving and carpet making, ceramics, as well as unique temples. The Pobuzia-Stirs`s ethnographic district is located in the central-northern plain part of the region and has many common features with ethnographic Volyn. Landmarks of traditional sacral construction have been preserved within this district, which are of great touristic attractiveness.
 Various cultural objects of defensive, residential and sacred purpose, connected with the residence of representatives of ethnic minorities (Poles, Jews, Armenians, Germans) in the region in the past, have every reason to be the objects of interest of foreign and Ukrainian tourists in Lviv region. On the basis of the interconnected use of ethno-cultural resources of the region, it is already possible to plan tourist routes of various lengths, taking into account the possibility of combining different types of tourism, as well as the basic importance of such nodal tourist and recreational centers as Lviv, Truskavets, Morshyn.
 Keywords: ethnic tourism, ethnographic tourism, cultural and tourist resources, ethnographic regions of Lviv region, cultural sights of ethnic minorities in Lviv region.

Nigerian women seeking asylum in England on grounds of sexual violence

AbstractThis study aims to give voice to the experiences of Nigerian women seeking asylum in the UK on the grounds of sexual violence. It draws upon in‐depth narrative interviews with 10 Nigerian women, aged between 27 and 46, seeking asylum on the grounds of sexual violence. Women's accounts were analysed thematically, and the contextual factors that influenced the outcome of their asylum claims were explored. Findings show that women's asylum applications were affected by factors relating to lack of evidence, use of words and/or phrases that do not align with the English language meaning of sexual violence, Home Office's lack of understanding of cultural issues specific to women and peculiarity of women's narrative construction and the decommissioning of legal assistance. Findings also suggest that asylum organisations play a key role in providing holistic support to women. Recommendations are made for the Home Office's policies following these findings.

Лингвосемиотика философского дискурса: языковая личность Баруха Спинозы

The research aims to identify the general linguistic, general cultural and ethno-cultural features of the linguistic personality of the 17th-century Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. The scientific novelty of the research lies in highlighting the peculiarities of discursive constructions of the Dutch thinker’s linguistic personality in terms of studying the linguosemiotic mechanisms of the functioning of special terms, both in the space of a complete utterance and at the level of the universal stock of philosophical language. One of the main epistemological aspects of the work is the elaboration of the problems of linguistic interpretation of personality as a semiotic whole and value, i.e. the questions of searching for the foundations of subjective or universal identity, which can be answered one way or another by referring to language. An important consideration of the study is the identification of correlations between the conceptual and epistemic dimensions of knowledge, in other words, between linguistic analysis and conceptual analysis of the text. The research findings showed the predominance of universal features in the Dutch thinker’s philosophical discourse and also made it possible to discover the information about elements of his worldview and mentality as a native speaker of a national language at the level of the linguistic personality. The data obtained allowed the researcher to identify the features of Spinoza’s linguistic personality that are relevant for modern ways of overcoming critical and stressful situations on the course to existential stabilisation of behavioural models of cognition and communication.

АНАЛИЗ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АГРОБИОТЕХНОПАРКОВ В РАЗВИТИИ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В РАМКАХ ПАРТНЕРСТВА ГОСУДАРСТВА И БИЗНЕСА

The article presents the results of the analysis of the use of agrobiotechnoparks in the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. As a result of the research, the content of public-private partnership in the agricultural industry, the peculiarities of construction in this sector of the economy, as well as the existing prospects for the development of this direction in conditions of increased macroeconomic risks are revealed.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ЖИЛИЩНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И ЖИЛИЩНОГО ВОПРОСА В СССР (ЧАСТЬ II)

The peculiarities of housing construction in the USSR within the planned economy determined the fundamental difference between the housing sector of the Russian Federation presently, other post-Soviet republics and countries of Central and Eastern Europe, on the one hand, and developed states, on the other hand. It is the dominance among households in the former countries of outright homeowners (with no mortgage) whereas the majority of households in the Western states either rent their dwellings or have a mortgage. However, most of contemporary studies have often overlooked this fact, which considerably influences the standard of living and the structure of households’ expenditures when international comparisons are performed. In this article in two parts, we consider approaches from the beginning of the 20th century to the 2010s to studying results of housing construction and the housing issue resolution in the USSR. Taking into account the results of pre-Revolution publications on the housing sector in the Russian Empire, we identify five general approaches in the Soviet professional literature and main features of Russian (post-Soviet) and foreign studies. This article reveals that underestimation in scholarly works published during last 30 years of the contribution of individual housing construction in the USSR, the activities of housing construction cooperatives, kolkhozes, housing construction in rural areas as well as not always balanced assessments of the qualitative progress in the housing sector during the 20th century prevent from obtaining the comprehensive picture of housing construction developments in the USSR and the thorough assessement of the current state of the housing sector in the Russian Federation in comparison to the Western states.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ЖИЛИЩНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И ЖИЛИЩНОГО ВОПРОСА В СССР (ЧАСТЬ I)

The peculiarities of housing construction in the USSR within the planned economy determined the fundamental difference between the housing sector of the Russian Federation presently, other post-Soviet republics and countries of Central and Eastern Europe, on the one hand, and developed states, on the other hand. It is the dominance among households in the former countries of outright home owners (with no mortgage) whereas the majority of households in the Western states either rent their dwellings or have a mortgage. However, most of contemporary studies have often overlooked this fact, which considerably influences the standard of living and the structure of households’ expenditures when international comparisons are performed. In this article in two parts, we consider approaches from the beginning of the 20th century to the 2010s to studying results of housing construction and the housing issue resolution in the USSR. Taking into account the results of pre-Revolution publications on the housing sector in the Russian Empire, we identify five general approaches in the Soviet professional literature and main features of Russian (post-Soviet) and foreign studies. This article reveals that underestimation in scholarly works published during last 30 years of the contribution of individual housing construction in the USSR, the activities of housing construction cooperatives, kolkhozes, housing construction in rural areas as well as not always balanced assessments of the qualitative progress in the housing sector during the 20th century prevent from obtaining the comprehensive picture of housing construction developments in the USSR and the thorough assessement of the current state of the housing sector in the Russian Federation in comparison to the Western states.

Variability in journalistic discourse in the German language

This work is devoted to the problem of syntactic organization of nominal groups with the first component, denoting the names of groups of animals, namely Rudel (flock), Schwarm (swarm), Herde (herd). Interest in phrases of this type is due to the increased frequency of use in journalism in Germany, as well as the peculiarities of syntactic construction. The corpus of journalistic texts made it possible to see the quantitative distribution of models with the help of which phrases such as ein Rudel Wölfe (pack of wolves) were formed, and also demonstrated a partial discrepancy between the use and regulatory requirements. Substantive groups with an uncommon second component were designed according to the models: eine Herde + Subst. Singular (Plural) (eine Herde Schafe, Vieh); eine Herde + Subst. Attr. Genitiv (einem Rudel Gleichgesinnter); eine Herde + von+ Subst. Attr. Dativ (einer kleinen Herde von Gläubigen); einer Herde (Dativ)+Subst. Plural (Dativ) (einem Rudel Hunden). Substantive groups in which there is an adjective or participle before the second component were constructed according to the models: eine Herde + Attr. + Subst. Genitiv (ein Rudel friesischer Hunde); eine Herde + von (mit, an, aus) + (Numeralien)+ Attr.+ Subst. Plural (Dativ) (Herden von kamelartigen Alpakas); eine Herde+Attr.stark+Subst.=Herde (ein Rudel braune Krankenschwestern). Corpus data showed that a significant proportion of phrases do not have case marking, that is, the case of the second component is not determined, just as the type of syntactic connection is not determined. The proportion of ambivalent forms was 18% for groups with Herde, 28% for combinations with the first component Schwarm, and 41% for groups with Rudel. In contexts with case marking, models with genital control and prepositional control compete. It turned out that models with the coordination of eine Herde + Attr.stark + Subst.=Herde and einer Herde (Dativ) + Subst. Plural (Dativ) are represented by single examples, although authoritative normative grammarians consider these models to be valid for organizing these noun groups. Another important difference from the recommendations of authoritative grammars is that prepositional control is represented by a more diverse list of prepositions (von, mit, an, aus). It can be assumed that prepositions help a native speaker to overcome uncertainty in the choice of case, since the realized use of a preposition imposes strict restrictions on the case of a noun.

FEATURES OF THE DESIGN OF STEEL EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT STRUCTURES OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

The design, construction and operation of buildings in Ukraine is associated with the need to take into account additional special loads and impacts, namely: seismic, in complex en-gineering and geological conditions, on weak soils, artificial territories and subsidence soils, and in the conditions of the war with Russia during missile and artillery shelling and bom-bardment of populated areas – effects from explosions, blast waves, spread of fires, etc. [3].
 The territory of Ukraine is located on the outskirts of the powerful Azores-Mediterranean-Alpine-Trans-Asian seismogenic belt of the planet. In general, Ukraine does not belong to particularly seismically dangerous regions of the planet. Low- and medium-magnitude (magnitude 3...6) earthquakes were recorded only within three of its regions: the Ukrainian Carpathians and the Crimean Moun-tains, the Azov region. But observations of the consequences of numerous earthquakes have shown that in different parts of the same seis-mic area they differ significantly in intensity. Thus, the intensity of the earthquake on the surface of the earth in areas with loose soils is 15 times greater than in areas with rocky ones. Therefore, during the design of buildings and structures, one should take into account the peculiarities of construction in the complex engineering and geological conditions of the territory of Ukraine, which are associated with research, design and arrangement of bases and foundations on weak water-saturated, clayey and peaty soils, peat and silt, subsidence, swell-ing, saline, swelling and unevenly compacted soils, loose sands and floating karst and forged territories, taking into account seismic and dy-namic action in compliance with the require-ments of DBN B.1.1-12:2014 "Construction in seismic regions of Ukraine" [5] and DBN V.1.1-45:2017 "Buildings and structures in difficult engineering and geological conditions. General Provisions" [6].
 The design of modern buildings in seismic areas is developing in two directions that corre-spond to the main principles of seismic protec-tion - traditional (passive) and special (active). Complex systems of seismic protection of buildings combine passive and active systems.
 With traditional seismic protection, the load-bearing capacity of the main load-bearing structures of buildings is increased (the dimen-sions of cross-sections, their reinforcement, strengthening of joints, etc.) to absorb addition-al forces caused by seismic influences. At the same time, the nature of the buildings does not change. Special (active) measures to improve the seismic resistance of buildings consist in reducing loads due to modifications of their dynamic work schemes. Active seismic protec-tion of buildings is a new direction, which con-sists in the implementation of additional con-structive measures to prevent dangerous reso-nant oscillations and thereby reduce seismic impacts. It is achieved by changing the dynam-ic stiffness or periods of natural oscillations of buildings during earthquakes as a result of the use of special structural devices: sliding belts, connections that can be turned on or off, instal-lation of dynamic vibration dampers, kinematic or pile foundations, which have dissipative characteristics of self-organization, frame-linking systems with complex stiffness dia-phragms, rubber-steel cylindrical supports, etc.The article analyzes the features of design-ing earthquake-resistant steel structures of high-rise buildings. The schemes of earthquake-resistant high-rise buildings with steel frames were studied. The feasibility of using steel en-ergy-absorbing elements is substantiated and schemes for their installation in earthquake-resistant buildings with steel frames are pre-sented.

Linguistic Dimension of Political Advertising: Analysis of Linguistic Means of Manipulative Influence

The manipulative influence of speech is a constant subject of debate. Advertising as a reflection of social reality has manipulative potential. Studies of the linguistic means that form and enable the manipulative slogans of political advertising are studied in terms of sociolinguistics, language dynamics of political discourse, and in most scientific sources are revealed as a new conscious manifestation of the desire to influence the masses. Manipulative discourse is considered in the strategic field of didactics of language and culture. Political advertising is capable of generating a huge stream of individual and collective reflections that touch upon the most basic human features of linguodidactics. Not only is the contrast between “language” (bearing, reassuring, essential) and “manipulative” (obscure, threatening, dangerous) stark, but their juxtaposition is neither more nor less unnatural. The main purpose of political discourse is to promote understanding, communication, and dialogue between cultures and to have a manipulative effect. So, the main question is whether argumentation should be considered in the analysis of the manipulative influence of political advertising discourse. Subsequent directions of consideration of the concept are determined by the possibility of using the proposed model in the study of political speeches on the material of other languages. In further scientific searches, we will focus on other theoretical studios of discourse, focusing on those of that are aimed, among other things, at the analysis of political discourse, in particular, the most significant factors determining its essence, peculiarities of construction, and development in those or other socio-cultural conditions.

A simulation modeling approach used in the crude oil refining process

Mathematical and simulation modeling methods are applied when defining parameters of effective operation of oil fractionation. There is a review of software packages of process modeling used for refining ventures in the study. Multisphere model of oil fractionation with a low capacity applied is offered in the paper. The designed model allows taking into account constructive peculiarities of the equipment of small capacity units. The flow diagram of the model calculation algorithm with the additional evaluator of petroleum products quality indices is given by the authors. A design matrix for a three-factor experiment involving a multisphere model is obtained. An orthogonal central composite design has been applied to improve the accuracy of the model and to consider a non-linear parameter link. The MatLab software was chosen as an enabler. The criterion was the energy cost of separation. Factors affecting the criterion are flow rate of superheated water steam, reflux rate, potential light fractions in the crude/feed. The adequate obtained regression quadratic dependency towards the initial values by Fisher’s criterion has been assessed. The average relative error was 0.21 percent. The obtained statistical model can be applied for solving an optimization problem by the criterion of power consumption within a variable fractional composition of the raw material. Quality indices of oil products (gasoline fraction and diesel oil) serve as constraints. The offered statistical model applied at oil fractionation low-power facilities promotes the efficiency of plant operation improvement and the efficiency of obtaining information about the quality of oil products.