Peculiar Composition Research Articles

The Complexation in Co(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O/2,2′‐bipyridine/Y(NO3)3 ⋅ 6H2O/MeOH System: Still More to Uncover

AbstractThe formation of novel uncommon heterodinuclear complex was detected in Co(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O/2,2′‐bipyridine/Y(NO3)3 ⋅ 6H2O/MeOH system. The peculiarities of composition and structure of this new compound were found to alter its vibrational and thermal properties compared to those of reported major product formed in the same system.

Ivan Fyodorov’s Psalter with Book of Hours as a Miscellany: Composition and Sources

Purpose. The article studies the features of composition and structure of Ivan Fyodorov’s edition the Psalter with Book of Hours, which is considered as a particular version of the Augmented Psalter miscellany.Results. Authors analyze main components of the edition from the point of view of their correspondence to the manuscript and early printed tradition of the Augmented Psalter of the 15th – 16th centuries and search for their possible sources. The article reveals peculiarities of composition of the texts in the Horologion part and suggests that the miscellany was specially adapted to the needs of parish churches, in which there was no need or possibility to celebrate the daily divine worship prescribed by the Jerusalem Typicon. The article identifies possible sources of the foreword part to the Psalter and concludes that Ivan Fyodorov was guided by the contemporary manuscript tradition of Augmented Psalter, but the selection and composition of the texts are original and do not yet find exact correlations in manuscripts and early printed miscellanies. The article analyses the features of composition of the superscriptions to psalms and their sources that were the commentaries of pseudo-Athanasius of Alexandria and superscriptions probably based on the glosses reflecting the exegesis of Theodoret of Cyrus.Conclusion. The authors conclude that the edition of Psalter with the Book of Hours stands out among its contemporary manuscript and early printed analogues by its original compositions of the foreword part and particular edition of the superscriptions to psalms.

Peculiarities of the body component composition and microcirculation of qualified divers

One of the important aspects of improving the effectiveness of training qualified divers is understanding the peculiarities of body component composition and the state of microcirculation. The aim of this study was to investigate the component body composition and microcirculation peculiarities of qualified divers diving from different types of gymnastic equipment. The study sample included 30 qualified divers, consisting of 17 girls and 13 boys aged 13 to 18 years. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, and the functional state of the microcirculatory system was evaluated through laser Doppler flowmetry. The results indicated that divers who utilized the 10-meter tower exhibited a statistically significant decrease in adipose tissue content and an increase in fat-free mass and relative muscle mass compared to athletes in other diving disciplines. Additionally, a high level of tissue perfusion and microvascular reactivity was observed among the athletes. These findings are crucial for assessing and enhancing the training effectiveness of qualified diving athletes.

Peculiarities of the Species Composition, Abundance and Biotope Distribution of Mollusks Fam. Sphaeriidae in Rivers with a Many Lakes in the Catchment Area (by the Example of Water Courses of the Onega Lake Basin)

Using the example of the rivers of the Onega Lake basin, the species composition of mollusks of the Sphaeriidae family, their abundance, biomass, and contribution to benthic communities in rivers with many lakes in the catchment areas were analyzed. Patterns of spatial distribution of species across biotopes and gradients of environmental variables were traced. 26 species of mollusks of this family were identified, among them European-Siberian species predominate. Most of the species of mollusks of the family Sphaeriidae found by us have wide ecological ranges and are found in water bodies of various types. It was found that the contribution of Sphaeriidae to the species richness and functioning of aquatic communities in rivers in the conditions of branched lake-river systems (Lake Onega basin) exceeds the values usual for rivers with a small number of lakes in the catchment area. Using the ANOSIM and PERMANOVA methods, it was proved that the species composition of rocky rapids and riffles, sandy rifts and soft bottom soils is different. Using the IndVal test, seven species were shown to have a statistically significant association with one of these biotopes, and four of them, with rocky bottoms of river rapids and riffles. Using the NMDS method, it was shown that the greatest changes in the species composition of representatives of Sphaeriidae are observed when environmental conditions change from small streams with slow current and brown water to large rivers with fast current and clear water.

Forensic classification of crimes and misdemeanours related to unlawful encroachments on the assets of business entities

The article substantiates the thesis that criminal offences aimed at unlawful alienation of tangible and intangible assets of a business entity or otherwise related thereto are quite numerous and are enshrined in various sections of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is noted that this makes it difficult for the prosecution to recognise these criminal offences during the pre-trial investigation. It is determined that the cognitive activity of an investigator is impossible without a systematic analysis of individual objects and subjects which may be of investigative interest, and therefore, it necessitates the division of the relevant objects into groups. The analogy is drawn and it is determined that such approaches are implemented both in practical law enforcement activities and in scientific activities, in particular, in terms of identifying and developing tested recommendations for investigating criminal offences. It is emphasized that it is the forensic classification of criminal offences which is the method of forensic cognition of crimes and criminal offences which aims at solving a number of other tasks and is therefore necessary to be applied. Based on the results of the scientific research, the study develops a forensic classification of criminal offences related to misappropriation of assets of business entities. It is based on the following classification criteria: 1) peculiarities of the direct object of the encroachment; 2) subject matter of the criminal encroachment; 3) type of economic activity which was subject to criminal influence; 4) nature and form of external expression of traces of criminal activity; 5) nature of the criminal result obtained; 6) peculiarities of the subject composition involved in the implementation of the criminal intent; 7) nature of the actions committed by the raiders. Prospects for future research are identified.

Характеристика сучасного стану іхтіофауни озера Котлован як малої штучної водойми м. Дніпро

Purpose. To investigate the current state of nearshore and pelagic communities of ichthyofauna of an artificial water body: Lake Kotlovan in the city of Dnipro. To develop a set of recommendations and bioreclamation measures to improve and maintain a balanced ecological state of the water body, to increase its recreational value. Methodology.The study of ichthyofauna was carried out in the lake Kotlovan (total area 13.4 hectares), which was artificially created in the late 1960s and 1970s, located in the Industrial District of Dnipro in the area of industrial development. The study was carried out in September 2021 - October 2022 in three main nearshore biotopes of the water body. Ichthyological samples were collected in the nearshore shallow water zone with a small-mesh (fry) seine of 15 meters long with a mesh size of 7 mm in the wings and 3 mm in the codend. Fish selected for further analysis were preserved in a 4.5% formalin solution. Processing and analysis of the collected samples were carried out at the research center “Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture” of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (DSAEU). Generally accepted methods of mathematical analysis were used to process the results. The study was carried out in accordance with the Program for conducting scientific fisheries research of the Scientific Research Center “Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture” of the DSAEU for 2022–2026. Findings. The peculiarities of the species composition and distribution of the spontaneously formed ichthyofauna of an artificial water body under the impact of negative factors - discharges of enterprises, communal and household effluents and active recreation - have been established. Ichthyofauna of the lake Kotlovan is impoverished and represented by only 10 species (4 families). The composition of the ichthyofauna lacks bottom-dwelling fish and some littoral species (representatives of the familiesCobitidae, Siluridae, Syngnathidae, Gasterosteidae, Gobiidae), a certain deformation of the taxonomic structure was observed. The absence of individual families of ichthyofauna is an atypical situation for most water bodies in this region. This is due to the artificial development of ichthyofauna and the complex negative effect of the anthropogenic factor and internal trophic relationships. Recommendations on bioreclamation measures for the development of a stable ichthyocenosis with the improvement of the trophic structure and ecological condition of the artificial water body have been developed. Originality. The species composition of the ichthyofauna of an artificially created completely isolated water body in the city of Dnipro, which has existed for about 50 years, was determined for the first time. The current structure of fish groups according to species composition, conservation status, relative abundance, type of feeding and origin were investigated. A high level of the infestation of bleak Alburnus alburnus and silver bream Blicca bjoerkna with ligulosis and perch Perca fluviatilis with eustrongylidosis was observed. Measures and recommendations for improving the state of the ichthyofauna of Lake Kotlovan and increasing the recreational value of the water body were proposed. Practical value. Based on the conducted study, it is possible to evaluate and forecast the future state of the ichthyofauna of small, artificially created and isolated water bodies under anthropogenic pressure. The proposed bioreclamation measures will allow increasing the stability of ichthyocenosis and improving water quality as well as the conditions for recreation of residents, recreational fishing within the boundaries of a large city (a complex of ecosystem services). Keywords: city of Dnipro, artificial water body, ichthyofauna, bioreclamation, biotope, recreation, ecosystem services.

Специфика перевода рекламных слоганов в Рунете

Marketing of goods and services includes active advertising activities, which are implemented primarily in the web space. One of his pragmatically effective tools is an advertising slogan, a formulaic means of marketing communication, which is studied in the paradigm of modern linguistics in various aspects. This article is devoted to solving a translatological problem, i.e. identifying the translation specifics of advertising slogans in the web space. The material of this study is the texts of advertising slogans in English, functioning in the Internet space, and their translation into Russian. During the analysis, advertising slogans involved in the global advertising discourse in the period from 1993 to 2023 were used. The authors use methods of pragmalinguistic analysis, as well as techniques of interpretative analysis with elements of content and intent analysis. The peculiarities of the linguistic composition of the original slogans in English are revealed, due to the correlation of the slogan with a group of goods. The main translation solutions in the translation of slogans are transcription, adaptation, and lexical transformation. The pragmatic effect of the texts of the original slogans and their translations in the focus of marketing communication is determined and described. The logic of translation decisions and the factors influencing the preservation of slogans in the original language in the target linguaculture are established.

BIOM-05. THE GUT-MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS: AN EMERGING CRUCIAL PLAYER

Abstract BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the main cause of cancer-related deaths in children diagnosed at 0–14 years. It has been demonstrated that the bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and brain, called microbiota-gut-brain axis, has a key role in pathophysiological processes, mediating proliferation of brain tumor cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether the gut microbiota composition of pediatric patients affected by CNS tumors has peculiarities. METHODS We included 42 pediatric patients from the clinical study NET-2019-12371188 that were divided in two groups: i) 12 affected by SNC tumors (group 1); ii) 30 affected by other tumor types (group 2), non related to CNS. From their stool samples, microbial DNA was extracted, 16S DNA libraries were generated and sequenced on IONS5xl (ThermoFisher). From the resulting operational taxonomic unit (OTU) tables, the composition of gut-microbiota was analyzed. RESULTS To determine the richness of gut microbiota in terms of different taxa, alpha diversity analysis was performed. We applied the number of observed features as data matrix and it was lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (p-value= 0.003); on the other side, the homogeneity of taxonomic groups was determined by Pielou’s evenness index, that was higher in group 1 (p-value=0.018), compared to group 2. Beta-diversity measured with unweighted UniFrac metrics revealed that the taxonomic and phylogenetics composition of gut microbiota is different between group 1 and 2 (p-value= 0.03). Finally, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed an increase of genus from RF32 order in group 1, while in group 2 genus Blautia ad genus from Coriobacteriaceaea family increased. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, gut microbiota has a peculiar composition in pediatric patients affected by CNS tumors.

Peculiarities of the chemical composition of dried leaves of <i>Aegopodium podagraria</i> and determination of the possibility of its use in the production of functional food products

Relevance. Aegopodium podagraria L. is a promising source of biologically active substances for use in functional and specialized food systems.Methods. The objects of the study were ordinary dried leaves with a moisture content of 8.5%. Dried Aegopodium podagraria is prepared from leaves of goutweed, grown in the conditions of Kuzbass. When carrying out the research, the following test methods were used: the mass fraction of iron was determined according to GOST 26928-86 by the colorimetric method, the mass fraction of phosphorus according to methodological instructions 4.1.3217-14, the mass fraction of calcium according to the “Guide to methods for analyzing the quality and safety of food products” (Skurikhin I.M., Tutelyan V.A. Moscow, 1998), vitamin C content according to GOST 24556-89, mass fraction of dietary fiber according to GOST R 54014-2010 (enzymatic-gravimetric method), mass fraction of protein according to GOST 54607.7-2016 (Kjeldahl method), mass fraction of ash according to GOST 5901-2014, mass fraction of ash according to GOST 5901-2014, mass concentration of zinc and copper according to GOST 33842-2016.Results. The article is the first to show the high content of ordinary ascorbic acid in dried leaves of Aegopodium podagraria, the proportion of which is 168 mg / 100 g, which allows recommending the ascorbic acid as an ingredient with increased antioxidant activity. According to research, the total amount of minerals is 18.65%. The high iron content should be noted: 118.9 ± 33.3 mg / 100 g, which is more than 600% of the daily intake. Of the macroelements, the content of phosphorus (144.8 ± 40.5) and calcium (1134.8 ± 158.9) is high, which satisfies the daily physiological norm of their consumption by 12% and 94%, respectively. The content of copper and zinc does not exceed their maximum permissible concentration (5 mg/kg), which indicates the safety of use in food production technologies. The data obtained make it possible to calculate the percentage of the addition of dried Aegopodium podagraria into product formulations to obtain enriched or functional products.

Study of the features of determination of heavy metals in bottom sediments

In the work with the application of the atomic absorption method, the peculiarities of the influence of sample preparation on the degree of extraction of heavy metals in samples of bottom sediments were analyzed. Acid, acid-microwave sample preparation and their variations were used in the study. It was found that the greatest influence of the type of sample preparation on the degree of extraction is observed for iron and manganese. For zinc, the smallest dependence of the type of sample preparation on the completeness of its extraction from bottom sediments was noted. There is an ambiguous influence of the type of sample preparation on the degree of extraction for cobalt, copper and nickel, which may be related to the peculiarities of the chemical composition of the bottom sediments.

TESS photometry and CAOS spectroscopy of six eclipsing binaries with Am components

In this paper, we present the results of a comprehensive study of six eclipsing binaries whose components are confirmed or suspected Am stars. By combining long-term, high-resolution Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectropolarimeter (CAOS) spectroscopy and TESS photometry, we have been able to accurately obtain the orbital parameters of each system as well as the atmospheric parameters of its components. We performed an in-depth chemical analysis and provided chemical abundances of C, O, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr, and Ba. From the solution of the light and radial curves, we have determined the masses, radii, and temperatures with a good degree of accuracy. We observe apsidal motion in the eccentric system HD 216429, in which the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect is also noted. We inferred the age of our targets by fitting isochrones on the HR diagram and find that both components in each system are properly described with the same isochrone, which reinforces our results. Furthermore, dynamical and evolutionary masses, independently obtained, show an excellent agreement. According to the out-of-eclipse variability shown in their TESS light curves and their position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, we claim that the stars HD 42954 (as δ Sct type) and HD 151604 (γ Dor) have a pulsating nature. Based on the chemical analysis, we corroborate that four of the systems studied here are formed by Am stars, while in the remaining ones (HD 126031 and HD 216429) only the primary component exhibits a peculiar composition. Additionally, the age distribution found in Am stars supports their suitability as age tracers in stellar populations.

ON THE ISSUE OF COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THERMAL RADIATION AT WORKPLACES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AIR POLLUTION

Problem statement. The research demonstrates that existing methods for determining the distribution of thermal radiation intensity using nomograms and formulas contain significant errors. This is due to the adoption of a number of simplifications regarding numerous interdependent parameters, including the temperature inside furnaces, the size of openings and shafts, etc. As a result, there is a need for measurements of thermal radiation intensity at distances of 5−10 meters and beyond. The purpose of the article. The objective of the article is to propose a concept for a new experimental methodology to investigate the intensity of radiation exposure to workers at their workplaces. Simultaneously, in order to address the issues of thermal protection for workers, actual measurement data of thermal radiation levels are necessary for each workstation under real working conditions within the workspace. Conclusion. It is important to characterize the composition of the gas environment, as its impurities can distort the distribution of radiant energy through interference and diffraction effects, which need to be considered for microclimate optimization. The presence of dust particles complicates the straight-line heat transfer through scattering and scintillation of rays, requiring further improvement of models. Turbulence, impurities, and atmospheric heterogeneity are important factors that need to be further investigated and taken into account in heat transfer process modeling. Scintillation affects the quality of radiation transmission, necessitating further study of this phenomenon. Local atmospheric composition peculiarities require the development of models that consider these variations. The obtained experimental data will contribute to improving the accuracy of modeling and enhancing working conditions. Further refinement of measurement techniques is necessary for obtaining reliable information.

Fatty acid composition of hard rent cheese with flax seeds

The study demonstrates the peculiarities of the fatty acid composition of Gouda-type hard rennet cheese by adding 5 % flax seeds. The fatty acid profile of complex cheese samples of control and experimental samples was investigated by gas-liquid chromatography 60 days after production. The experimental part of the work was carried out in the research laboratory “Technology, analysis and examination of food products and water” of the Department of Food Biotechnology and Chemistry at the Ternopil National Technical University named after I. Puluj and at the Chortkiv cheese factory. In the process of making Gouda-type cheese, prepared flax seeds, according to our patented method, were added to the cheese grain after being separated from the whey. Positive advantages were established in the fatty acid profile of the test sample compared to the control sample. In particular, it was found that the total content of saturated fatty acids in the control sample was 68.6 %, and in Gouda cheese with 5 % flax seeds (experimental sample) – 62.3 %, while the content of unsaturated fatty acids was 31.4 %, respectively and 37.7 %. The experimental sample also showed an increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family, in particular α-linolenic acid, by 40 % compared to the control sample. In the experimental sample of Gouda cheese with flax seeds, an improvement in the ratio between the relative content of PUFAs of the ω-3/ω-6/ω-9 families was established, which was 1 : 1.8 : 7.4. The obtained results in changing the fatty acid composition of the experimental sample of cheese allow us to recommend this product as a functional product due to the high content of PUFAs of the ω-3 family and the balanced ratio between the content of PUFAs of the ω-3/ω-6/ω-9 families.

Lithium Cepheid V708 Car with an unusual chemical composition

Aims. The purpose of this work is to spectroscopically analyse the classical Cepheid V708 Car. A preliminary check of the spectrum of V708 Car showed that this is a lithium-rich supergiant. We also found that V708 Car has an unusual chemical composition in that the abundances of various elements correlate with their condensation temperatures. We tried to find an explanation of this feature, which is unusual for classical Cepheids. Methods. For the spectroscopic analysis, we used methods based on the assumption of local and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium. Results. We determined the fundamental parameters of our program star V708 Car. This long-period Cepheid has a mass of about 12 M⊙. We derived the abundances of 27 chemical elements in this star. They are clearly correlated with their condensation temperature: the higher the condensation temperature, the lower the abundance (there are exceptions for sodium and barium, however). We explain this peculiar chemical composition of the V708 Car atmosphere by the gas–dust separation in the envelope of this star. A similar mechanism leads to the observed peculiarities of the chemical composition of λ Boo, W Vir, and asymptotic giant branch stars.

Молодежная миграция в Горном Дагестане как индикатор устойчивого развития территории

Introduction. Identification of the specifics of the course of youth migration in the most problematic mountainous regions of Dagestan. Methods. Comparative geographical, statistical, descriptive-analytical, cartographic research methods were used in the course of the study. Results and discussion. The number of young people in Dagestan has been declining in recent years, which indicates an increase in unfavorable trends in demographic development. The share of young people in the migration loss of the population of Dagestan is more than 42%. The most significant indicators of youth decline are observed in the southern regions with a predominance of Lezgins, Rutulians, Tsakhurs, as well as the Lak and Akushinsky districts, dominated by Lak. This trend is somewhat weaker in the areas of predominant residence of Avars. Magaramkent (more than 12%), Derbent, Akushinsky, Akhtyn (more than 9%) districts are leading in terms of the rate of reduction of the number of young population. The migration decline of young people is typical for all mountain settlements, but the intensity of this process varies by region, one of the provoking factors is inaccessibility. According to the direction of migration flows of young people, interregional outflow prevails (especially in the Rutul and Tabasaran districts). In a significant part of mountain municipalities, the importance of intra-regional youth migrations is high (Agulsky, Dakhdaevsky, Dokuzparinsky districts are in the lead), while the urban area receives a small replenishment. A very insignificant positive balance can be traced in international migration (the Lak and Magaramkent districts are distinguished). Conclusions. The mountainous territories of Dagestan are losing young people, which is one of the most important factors provoking a decrease in the sustainability of socio-economic development. The unfavorable geographical position of settlements and the peculiarities of the ethnic composition of the population are among the determinants that increase the outflow of young people from mountainous areas. The dominance of interregional youth decline in inter-regional flows is traced. Less significant intraregional flows are directed to the plains and coastal more dynamically developing territories.

Sex and age composition of the population of Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions the 1980s

Sex and age composition of the population of Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions in the 1980s is considered in the article. On the basis of published materials of the All-Union population censuses of 1979 and 1989 as well as statistical data of the current population count, the peculiarities of the population composition by sex and age are highlighted by the authoress; moreover, the distribution of the population by sex in enlarged age groups is analysed. With regard to the distribution of population by sex in the study region in the 1980s, there was a tendency for the number of women to exceed the number of men. However, by 1989, the feminisation index, which shows the ratio of the number of women to one hundred men, had been gradually decreasing in both regions. The process of equalisation of the sex structure of the population had had its effect. The age composition of the inhabitants of the area is considered from the economic point of view in order to highlight general changes in the enlarged age groups. According to the results of the analysis of the materials of the 1979 and 1989 population censuses, the conclusion about the decrease in the number of the most extensive and economically active group of the working-age population and about the increase in the share of persons above the working age is made. The population of both regions was gradually ageing «from above». In the structure of distribution of residents of Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions and in the Russian Republic as a whole by sex in enlarged age groups in the 1980s, it is certain that in the groups of population younger than able-bodied and working age, men prevailed. In the group above working age, the number of men declined sharply, largely fuelled by the enormous male mortality rate.

Peculiarities of biochemical and mineral composition of lettuce <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. grown from seeds after long-term storage in the International Space Station

Seed storage of agricultural crops in the conditions of International Space Station (ISS) is an effective method of quick plant breeding aimed to enhance the adaptability, and improve the biologically active compound accumulation and crop yield. Biochemical and mineral composition (ICP-MS) of lettuce grown in greenhouse from seeds stored for one year at the ISS was assessed. High varietal differences in lettuce tolerance to the effect of micro-gravity and radiation were evaluated using the values of yield, biometrical parameters, antioxidant status and plant mineral composition. Among the cultivars studied, i.e. Petrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy, Picnic, Cavalier and Bouquet, only the cvs. Retrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy and Picnik retained seed viability. Significant yield increase was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy, while the cvs. Petrovich, Synthesis and Picnic demonstrated a tendency to the yield decrease. Improvement of photosynthetic pigment accumulation due to seed space storage was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy and, particularly, the latter cultivar differed from the other cvs. due to the significantly higher proline level and lower MDA levels in leaves. Though space stress did not cause any significant decrease in antioxidant accumulation of plants, the latter demonstrated valuable changes in mineral composition. Among the 23 elements tested, V, Se. Fe and Cr showed higher concentrations compared to those in the control plants. Positive correlations between Ca, Sr, Cd, Cp, Mg, Mo and Pb were recorded (r > 0.9; p < 0.001).

Characterization of the fiber-like cortical cells in moss gametophytes.

Fiber-like cells with thickened cell walls of specific structure and polymer composition that includes (1 → 4)-β-galactans develop in the outer stem cortex of several moss species gametophytes. The early land plants evolved several specialized cell types and tissues that did not exist in their aquatic ancestors. Of these, water-conducting elements and reproductive organs have received most of the research attention. The evolution of tissues specialized to fulfill a mechanical function is by far less studied despite their wide distribution in land plants. For vascular plants following a homoiohydric trajectory, the evolutionary emergence of mechanical tissues is mainly discussed starting with the fern-like plants with their hypodermal sterome or sclerified fibers that have xylan and lignin-based cell walls. However, mechanical challenges were also faced by bryophytes, which lack lignified cell-walls. To characterize mechanical tissues in the bryophyte lineage, following a poikilohydric trajectory, we used six wild moss species (Polytrichum juniperinum, Dicranum sp., Rhodobryum roseum, Eurhynchiadelphus sp., Climacium dendroides, and Hylocomium splendens) and analyzed the structure and composition of their cell walls. In all of them, the outer stem cortex of the leafy gametophytic generation had fiber-like cells with a thickened but non-lignified cell wall. Such cells have a spindle-like shape with pointed tips. The additional thick cell wall layer in those fiber-like cells is composed of sublayers with structural evidence for different cellulose microfibril orientation, and with specific polymer composition that includes (1 → 4)-β-galactans. Thus, the basic cellular characters of the cells that provide mechanical support in vascular plant taxa (elongated cell shape, location at the periphery of a primary organ, the thickened cell wall and its peculiar composition and structure) also exist in mosses.

Features of rare earth elements geochemistry in coals of Central Kazakhstan

AbstractThis research presents the results of a comprehensive study of mineralogical and geochemical features of REE distribution in coals of Central Kazakhstan deposits—Karaganda coal basin and Shubarkol deposit, which have large hard coal reserves and are industrially important for the coal industry of Kazakhstan; the research is based on 205 samples of clayey interlayers and coal seams. It shows basic patterns of distribution and features of concentration for impurity elements, gives an estimate of the impurity elements concentration, including REE, defines conditions and factors of their accumulation, and studies features of their forms in coal and coal-bearing rocks, which allows estimating the mechanisms of their migration and conditions of accumulation. According to the results of geochemical indicators, the article establishes the factors of REE dislocation, reveals the composition of margin rocks that have influenced REE concentration in coal seams, and the presented latest data on mineralogy allowed to establish the ways of their transportation to the paleobasin during the syn- and epigenetic periods of formation of the coal deposits of Central Kazakhstan being researched. It was found that the coals are insignificantly enriched with heavy lanthanides from Ho to Lu. The distribution curves of UCC normalized REE values in the coals are similar and coincide, but they are less than the average value for world coal, and amount to only one-third of the UCC. It was found that the highest concentrations of all REE are characteristic of clayey interlayers and oxidized coals. The La/Yb ratio in this case increases upwards along the section, indicating mainly clastogenic mechanism of REE delivery to the coals. In coal and clay samples, the predominant mineral form of REE is light lanthanide phosphates. Identified particles of REE from minerals and their composition peculiarities suppose autigene nature of their formation. The formation of the bulk of autigene minerals occurred during the maturation of brown coals and their transformation into hard ones.

The Oldest Island-Arc Granitoids of the Chingiz–Tarbagatai Region, Eastern Kazakhstan: Substantiation of the Age and Peculiarities of Composition

The Oldest Island-Arc Granitoids of the Chingiz–Tarbagatai Region, Eastern Kazakhstan: Substantiation of the Age and Peculiarities of Composition