Pechora Sea Research Articles

Распределение рыб семейства Cottidae в юго-восточной части Баренцева моря (к западу от о. Долгий)

The distribution of Cottidae species in the southwestern part of the Barents Sea (Pechora Sea) based on materials from ichthyological surveys carried out in the summer of 2010–2023 is shown. Cottidae species were maximum 1.7 % of the total catch. A total of 7 species have been noted. The most abundant Cottidae species in Pechora Sea is arctic staghorn sculpin G. tricuspis (85 % frequency of occurrence), shorthorn sculpin M. scorpius (62 %) and ribbed sculpin T. pingelii (46 %). Values of the total abundance of the Cottidae was diverse: 1.2 to 757.6 ind/km2 and 0.002 to 21.906 kg/km2.

Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Bacteria of the Bottom Ecotopes of the Barents and Pechora Seas

Microorganisms capable of degrading hydrocarbons are regular components of natural microbial communities and play an important role in self-purification of marine environments from oil contamination. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V4 variable region was used to analyze microbial communities of the Barents and Pechora seas and of the microcosms with a spectrum of hydrocarbon substrates: oil, n-nonane, n-undecane, and phenanthrene. The Barents Sea communities of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms were characterized by predominance of the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, Porticoccus, and Oleispira, while those of the Pechora Sea contained members of the genera Rhodococcus, Dietzia, Sphingorhabdus, and Hyphomonas. Pure cultures of these microorganisms were shown to utilize the major oil hydrocarbons: n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic compounds.

Assessment of Initial Seismicity for Offshore Platforms on the Example of the Pechora Sea

Seismotectonic and seismoacoustic studies carried out during the expedition onboard the R/V ʺAkademik Boris Petrovʺ in the Pechora Sea revealed a paleoseismodislocation confined to a fault zone tracing the Severoural seismic lineament. The amplitude of this dislocation (the relative displacement of its sides) makes it possible to estimate the magnitude of the ancient earthquake that occurred within the Severoural lineament. Using the value of this magnitude, estimates were made of the maximum seismic impacts on offshore oil and gas facilities that are already in operation and are being designed for construction in the northeastern part of the Pechora Sea. These assessments of essential images differ in a big way from similar assessments made earlier. The method of searching for paleoseismic dislocations using seismoacoustic methods, as well as lineament analysis, can be used to assess the initial seismic impacts in water areas.

ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR COLLARING LARGE-DIAMETER SECTIONS OF OIL AND GAS WELLS

The article considers issues on construction of deep oil and gas multi-column wells with an extended trunk. Drilling of such wells is relevant, for example, on offshore fields, where drilling from the shore with a vertical deviation of over 1000 m is much more economically feasible than from floating vehicles.For drilling wells with an extended trunk and passing through zones incompatible with drilling for geological reasons, it is necessary to begin construction of a well with landing a large diameter direction – often up to 720 mm. The article analyzes the emerging problems and ways to solve them by drilling large-diameter wells and landing casing string. The results of practical experience in conducting work in the Pechora Sea and at the Astrakhan gas condensate field are summarized, on the basis of which recommendations for carrying out similar works are given.When constructing wells, especially starting with a large diameter, it is not always possible to drill a well efficiently, even with drilling equipment ideally suited to specific geological and technological conditions. And this, in turn, can lead to losses of production time and materials, and in the extreme case – to emergency works. Based on the analysis carried out, the article proposes an algorithm of technological operations for drilling wells and landing large diameter directions, which increases the probability of successful drilling to the design depth.

Semibalanus balanoides (L.) and Balanus crenatus Bruguière (Balanidae) Are Intermediate Hosts of Fimbriarioides intermedia (Fuhrmann, 1913) and Two Species of the Genus Microsomacanthus (Cestoda: Hymenolepidae), Parasites of Sea Ducks from the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic and Northern Pacific.

Metacestode infestation of Semibalanus balanoides (L., 1767) and Balanus crenatus Bruguiеre, 1789, collected in the Barents and White Seas and in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2020 and 2021, respectively, was studied. A total of 313 S. balanoides from Mogilnaya Bay of Kildin Island (Barents Sea) and isolated mature wrinkled barnacles B. crenatus, two and four specimens from the Pechora Sea and Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea, respectively, were examined in 2020. Metacestodes Fimbriarioides intermedia (Fuhrmann, 1913) (Cyclophyllidea, Hymenolepididae) were found in 1.0 ± 0.6% of S. balanoides in the Barents Sea with an invasion intensity (I. I.) of 2-5 specimens, and in one of two B. crenatus from the Pechora Sea (I. I. 15 specimens). For the first time, in both B. crenatus from the Pechora Sea, taken from the valves of the mussel Mytilus edulis, metacestodes Microsomacanthus sp. I (I. I. 13 and 20 specimens) with proboscis hooks 38-41 (39.4 ± 0.1) µm long and blades of 9.5-11 (10.7 ± 0.1) µm were obtained. One of four B. crenatus from the Kandalaksha Bay was infected with another Microsomacanthus sp. II (I. I. 19 specimens) with proboscis hooks 44.0-49.5 (45.7 ± 0.5) µm long and blades 14.0-16.0 (14.8 ± 0.07) µm long. A total of 362 S.balanoides were collected and dissected in Gizhiginskaya Bay of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2021, of which 8.0 ± 1.4% were infected with F. intermedia metacestodes (I. I. 1-19 specimens). Study results of the infestation of S. balanoides on the Koni-Pyagin coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (according to the collections of 2006-2007) were supplemented and clarified. Description of metacestodes and the taxonomic affiliation of cysticercoids Microsomacanthus spp. are given.

Technology of Mapping of Volcanic-Sedimentary Strata in a Complexly Dislocated Terrigenous Structure according to Seismic and Magnetic Exploration Data (Pechora Sea)

Technology of Mapping of Volcanic-Sedimentary Strata in a Complexly Dislocated Terrigenous Structure according to Seismic and Magnetic Exploration Data (Pechora Sea)

A physics-inspired neural network for short-wave radiation parameterization

Abstract Radiation parameterization schemes are crucial components of weather and climate models, but they are also known to be computationally intensive. In recent decades, researchers have attempted to emulate these schemes using neural networks, with more attention to convolutional neural networks. However, in this paper, we explore the potential of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for predicting solar heating rates. Our architecture was trained and tested using long-term hindcast data from the Pechora Sea region, with the conventional RRTMG scheme serving as a shortwave parameterization. Our findings show that the RNN offers rapid learning, fast inference, and excellent data fitting. We also present preliminary results demonstrating the use of RNNs for operational weather forecasting, which achieved a significant speedup in parameterization and reduced the overall forecast time by 40 %.

Некоторые оценки тяжелых ледовых условий (сжатий) в Печорском море по данным наблюдений и моделирования (моделирование и анализ)

The work continues the study focused on the analysis of the severe ice conditions’ formation in the Pechora Sea during navigation in 2003 and 2018 (published in vol.12, no.4, 2022). Using a numerical model, the authors reproduce the dynamics and some elements of the morphometry of the ice cover during the indicated ice seasons. Thus, they reveal that the significant ice pressure (100—150 kPa and more) is caused by the strong on-shore wind, while the ice pressure related to the tidal phenomena have the predominant value at the weak winds. The tidal ice pressure occurs permanently and regularly, and varies mainly within the range of 10—50 kPa. The contribution of ice hummocks to the total ice volume becomes significant when strong ice pressure happens at the background of high ice thickness (close to the seasonal maximum, i.e. more than 60—70 cm). With small ice thicknesses, even strong ice pressure, as a rule, does not lead to a significant increase in the equivalent thickness of hummocks.

Построение безопасных коридоров судоходства в морях арктического шельфа на основе использования алгоритмов глубокого обучения

A comparative analysis of interannual changes in the ice coverage of the Pechora and the Kara Seas has been conducted based on the information of open sources (satellite observations) gathered by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and the open dataset with mapped ice conditions ArcticDEM. The following problems of the study have been solved: the analysis of the most common approaches to building a forecast based on the analysis of ice conditions has been conducted; a deep learning algorithm to solve the problem of analysis of ice fields has been developed and tested; a medium-term forecast of the condition of ice fields in the area of the Pechora and the Kara Seas has been prepared based on the approbation model example; the obtained results have been analyzed and processed. In the course of study, an algorithm of automated mapping of ice conditions based on the satellite imagery data has been developed; the possibilities of its application to forecast ice conditions automatically, i.e., without using a manmade mapping, have been described. It has been demonstrated that the use of images based on multiple spectral bands and the combination of data from different satellites can minimize the influence of clouds and weather conditions. The model gave the real forecasting accuracy for a period of 10–14 weeks equal to 49–53 % for the Barents (Pechora) and the Kara Seas of 2018–2021. In case the model was fine-tuned and included data from the Barents (Pechora) and Kara Seas before 2018 in the training sample, the accuracy on the data after 2018 increased up to 52–56 %. The feature of the model is its ability to operate with different classes of ice and precisely determine its amount. The developed method increases the efficiency of operational control over the ice conditions in the Arctic seas. Safe navigation routes for shipping transport in the Pechora Sea have been modeled.

Assessment of Initial Seismicity for Offshore Platforms: a Case Study of the Pechora Sea

Assessment of Initial Seismicity for Offshore Platforms: a Case Study of the Pechora Sea

РАЗРАБОТКА И ТЕСТИРОВАНИЕ НЕЧЕТКОГО ЛОГИЧЕСКОГО АЛГОРИТМА ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОГО СУДОХОДСТВА АРКТИЧЕСКОГО ТРАНСПОРТА В ПЕЧОРСКОМ МОРСКОМ РАЙОНЕ

Arctic shipping impacts climate change, human health and the environment. The introduction of alternative fuels in Arctic shipping can significantly reduce emissions and impacts, as well as the risk associated with the use and transport of heavy fuel oil. Around the world, alternative fuels are becoming viable alternatives to petroleum-based fuels. There are plans to increase the adoption of alternative fuels, especially ultra-low sulfur fuels, to fuel ships sailing in the Arctic. However, the risk of transport activities on the Arctic shelf is associated with incredibly harsh climatic conditions. A deterministic approach to risk assessment does not provide a complete assessment of transport activities, so the authors propose to use the fuzzy logic method to assess the risks of transport accessibility of ships using fuel with ultra-low sulfur content in the Pechora Sea.

Justification of Developed System Measures to Increase Productivity of Wells in Eastern Part of Pechora Sea Oil Field

Justification of Developed System Measures to Increase Productivity of Wells in Eastern Part of Pechora Sea Oil Field

Geological structure, history of development and prospects of oil content of the Paleozoic complex of sediments of the Medynskoye-sea

The study of the geological structure, the history of the development of the Medynskoye-Sea field by reference seismic horizons corresponding to the boundaries of the Paleozoic stratigraphic complex; identification of the features of the structure and distribution of petroleum horizons identified by drilling and logging of exploration wells. Keywords: Pechora Sea; Medynskoye-sea; paleozoic; reservoir; oil capacity; shelf; hydrocarbon reserves; productive horizon.

Water, heat and salt balance of the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea

The south-eastern part of the Barents Sea is located away from the main currents, with a combination of climatic, hydrological and oceanological processes creating conditions that make the region different from the rest of the Barents Sea such that it is seen as a separate region and called sometimes the Pechora Sea. Despite the intensive economic activity in the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea, it is not yet clear to what extent the general Atlantic water transport in the Barents Sea and, consequently, the transport of heat and salt, affects this region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess advective flows at open boundaries, as well as other components of the water, heat and salt balances of the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea. Based on monthly average data from the MERCATOR GLORYS12V1 reanalysis for the period 1993–2018, we calculated water transport, heat and salt flows at the boundaries of the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea (at 50° E in the west, at 71° N in the north and in the Kara Gate Strait); to close the balances, an assessment was made of sea-atmosphere interaction characteristics on the sea surface based on ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data. Water, heat and salt balances were combined with a residual not exceeding 1.6 %. Linear trends for the characteristics obtained were calculated. It is revealed that the average long-term resulting water transport in the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea is directed from the north-west of the region to the Kara Gate Strait (0.40 Sv). This current is associated with the Atlantic waters and also carries heat and salt. The resulting heat input (5.92 TW) creates a heat excess in the water area, which is compensated for by interaction with the atmosphere (1.86 TW). The salt flow through the region is estimated at 13.98 t/s. During the study period, all the main flows have a statistically significant positive trend in the incoming and outgoing parts of the balances: water transport — 0.005 Sv per year; salt flow — 0.18 t/s per year. This indicates an increase in the transit of Atlantic waters through the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea. An increase in the advective heat flux (0.15 TW per year) across the western border is accompanied by an increase in its release into the atmosphere (0.07 TW per year) and an increase in evaporation of 6.9 mm per year. Sea levels are also rising at a rate of 0.27 cm per year. Thus, the increasing dynamics of the processes in the region is a factor to take into account in conducting economic activities.

Variability of the Pechora Sea Ice Area and Its Correlation With the Barents Sea Surface Temperature According to Satellite Observations and Reanalysis

Variability of the Pechora Sea Ice Area and Its Correlation With the Barents Sea Surface Temperature According to Satellite Observations and Reanalysis

THE MANIFESTATION OF DEGASSING IN THE SEDIMENTARY COVER AND RELIEF OF THE YUZHNO-NOVOZEMELSKY TRENCH (PECHORA SEA)

The results of detailed geological and geomorphological studies in the waters of the Pechora Sea using a complex of hydroacoustic methods in the 52 cruise of the R/V “Academic Nikolaj Strakhov” revealed numerous gas funnels (pockmarks) at the bottom of the Yuzhno-Novozemelsky trench. These forms are widespread on most of the bottom of the Barents Sea, while on the Pechora shelf there is very little information about their distribution. Analysis of seismoacoustic sections at the sites of development of gas funnels showed the presence of vertical chimneys in unconsolidated sediments of the Yuzhno-Novozemelsky trench, through which gas rises to the bottom surface and its release into the water column with the formation of negative landforms, which is accompanied by churning bottom sediments.

Benthic fauna in the south-eastern part of the Pechora-sea: Current state and analysis of ecological quality

In recent decades, economic activity has sharply increased in the Pechora Sea, one of the most hydrologically unique areas of the Barents Sea. Hence, the information about the current state of its ecosystems is quite important for assessing their possible changes in the future. The aim of the present study was to analyze the distribution of macrobenthos and assess its ecological quality in the southeastern part of the Pechora Sea at the beginning of the 21st century (based on data collected in 2012–2013). The results showed that since 1920s there have been no serious changes in the macrobenthos in the studied area. The weak shifts detected in the benthic fauna were either within the natural range of fluctuations in population of common species, or may be associated with differences in the methodological approaches of different researches. Heterogeneity in the macrobenthos distribution, the most significant abiotic factors identified in relation to it, quantitative indicators of biota, and species dominating in communities were similar to those revealed in previous studies. As of 2013, the characteristics of benthic communities in the southeastern part of the Pechora Sea, including their ecological quality, allow us to refer them as undisturbed biosystems.

The Manifestation of Degassing in the Sedimentary Cover and Relief of the Southern Novaya Zemlya Trench (Pechora Sea)

The Manifestation of Degassing in the Sedimentary Cover and Relief of the Southern Novaya Zemlya Trench (Pechora Sea)

Semibalanus balanoides (L.) and Balanus crenatus Bruguière (Balanidae) are intermediate hosts of fimbriarioides intermedia (fuhrmann, 1913) and two species of the genus Microsomacanthus (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae), parasites of sea ducks from the atlantic sector of the Arctic and Northern Pacific

Metacestode infestation of Semibalanus balanoides and Balanus crenatus, collected in the Barents and White Seas and in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2020 and 2021, correspondingly, has been studied. 313 S. balanoides from Mogilnaya Bay of Kildin Island (Barents Sea) and isolated mature wrinkled barnacles B. crenatus, 2 and 4 specimens from the Pechora Sea and Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea, respectively, were examined in 2020. Metacestodes Fimbriarioides intermedia (Fuhrmann, 1913) (Cyclophyllidea, Hymenolepididae) were found in 1.0 ± 0.6% of S. balanoides in the Barents Sea with an invasion intensity (I I) of 2-5 specimens, and in one of two B. crenatus from the Pechora Sea (I I = 15). For the first time in both B. crenatus from the Pechora Sea, taken from the valves of the mussel Mytilus edulis, metacestodes Microsomacanthus sp. I (I I = 13 and 20) with proboscis hooks 38-41 (39.4 ± 0.1) µm long, blades of 9.5-11 (10.7 ± 0.1) µm were obtained. One of four B. crenatus from the Kandalaksha Bay was infected with another Microsomacanthus sp. II (I I = 19) with proboscis hooks 44.0-49.5 (45.7 ± 0.5) µm long and blades - 14.0-16.0 (14.8 ± 0.07) µm. 362 S. balanoides were collected and dissected in Gizhiginskaya Bay of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2021, of which 8.0 ± 1.4% were infected with F. intermedia metacestodes (I I = 1-19). Study results of the infestation of S. balanoides on the Koni-Pyagin coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (according to the collections of 2006-2007) were supplemented and clarified. Description of metacestodes and the taxonomic affiliation of cysticercoids Microsomacanthus spp. are given.

ABOUT THE FEATURES OF SURROUNDING WATER INVOLVEMENT IN THE JET FOR THE PROBLEM ON MAN-MADE OIL SPILLS

Every year, the scale of oil development in the Russian Federation is growing. A third of the hydrocarbons produced are in the offshore zone. In Russia, offshore oil production takes place in the Okhotsk, Baltic, Caspian and Pechora Seas. Oil production in a pipeline is a technologically complex process, thereby increasing the relevance of creating safe processes for the production, transportation and processing of petroleum products.If safety precautions are neglected, annual diagnostic and repair work is ignored, factors may arise that provoke the occurrence of man-made accidents leading to natural disasters. The consequences of accidental oil spills lead to the destruction of flora and fauna in the environment. For the complete elimination of an oil spill, considerable economic, technological and time resources are required.An offshore oil spill results in the formation of submerged jets that spread hydrocarbons into the surrounding fluid. Predicting the behavior of this submerged jet, it is possible to accelerate the process of oil spill response.The paper considers the problem of formation of a damaged source of oil products. This source could be formed as a result of oil pipeline damage. According to the condition of the problem, this source is located at the bottom of the reservoir and has the following thermophysical characteristics: oil volume flow, temperature, density, etc. The problem considers the characteristics of the medium, which are characterized by a small depth of the oil pipeline, so the formation of hydrate is not taken into account.To solve the problem, the integral Lagrangian control volumes method (ILCVM) is used. According to this method, the submerged jet is considered as a sequence of cylindrical control volumes, which have their own characteristics, such as radius, height, density, liquid content ratio, temperature, velocity, etc. Depending on the movement of the control volume, the above parameters are recalculated. This submerged jet is also affected by the characteristics of the environment: liquid temperature, water salinity, and the presence of an undercurrent.As a result of using ILCVM, a mathematical model that contains the equations of conservation of momentum, mass and energy was built For the accuracy of the model, the parameter of the involvement of the surrounding fluid in the jet is considered in detail. Based on the mathematical model, calculations were carried out for various formats of water entrainment in the jet for cases of oil spills. Graphs were constructed to identify the dependencies of the thermophysical characteristics.