Peat Media Research Articles

Evaluation of Phenotypic and Genetic Characteristics of Dryobalanops aromatica (Dipterocarpaceae) Seedlings Growing in Peat and Mineral Media

The selection of tree species suitable for restoration in diverse site conditions is still a challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Dryobalanops aromatica seedlings growing in mineral soil media and peat media. Phenotypic characteristics were evaluated by analyzing the growth performance, leaf morphological characteristics, leaf color, and chlorophyll content, while genetic characteristics were evaluated by using microsatellite markers. The study revealed that seedlings planted in peat media exhibited greater height and shoot length growth, although the difference was not statistically significant compared to those in mineral soil media. However, seedlings in mineral soil media displayed a significantly higher survival rate than those in peat media. Peat-grown seedlings had higher chlorophyll content in their leaves, while mineral soil-grown seedlings displayed a lighter green leaf color based on digital analysis. Genetic analysis indicated a high genetic diversity of overall D. aromatica seedlings (He = 0.635) and unclear genetic structure between the two media. Overall, these findings demonstrate the successful adaptation of D. aromatica seedlings to peat media, positioning them as a promising choice for peatland restoration.

RESPON PRODUKSI TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) TERHADAP BOKASHI KOTORAN SAPI DAN PUPUK ROCK FOSFAT PADA MEDIA GAMBUT

The development of shallot cultivation in Riau needs to be done by optimizing peatlands. However, problems such as low pH and low nutrient availability need to be addressed. The use of cow manure bokashi can increase the availability of soil nutrients and the addition of P fertilizer from rock phosphate is expected to increase the availability of P in peat soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of cow manure bokashi and rock phosphate fertilizer in increasing the production of shallot plants in peat media. This research was carried out at the UIR Experimental Garden, Pekanbaru, from September to December 2022. The materials used in this study were Brebes shallot seedlings, cow manure bokashi, rock phosphate, urea, KCl. The tools used in the research included hoes, tape measure, cutter knife, analytical scales, camera and stationery. The research method used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was the dose of cow manure bokashi with 4 treatment levels: without cow manure bokashi, 40, 80 and 120 g/polybag Bokashi cow manure. The second factor was the dose of rock phosphate fertilizer with 4 treatment levels: 0, 0.8 g/polybag, 1.6, 2.4 g/polybag. Each experimental unit was repeated 3 times. Observational data were analyzed statistically and further tested for HSD the 5% level. Application of cow manure bokashi with rock phosphate can increase shallot production. Application of cow manure bokashi 80 g/polybag with rock phosphate dose of 2.4 g/polybag increased the wet and dry shallot bulb weight.

Comparative Study of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi from Two Ecosystems on Increasing Growth and Yield of Cauliflower in Peat Media

Comparative Study of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi from Two Ecosystems on Increasing Growth and Yield of Cauliflower in Peat Media

The Effects of NPK Fertilizer and Coconut Husk Ash as Ameliorant on Growth and Photosynthetic Rate of Oil Palm Seedlings in Peat Media

This study aimed to investigate the effects of NPK fertilizer and coconut husk ash as an ameliorant on growth and photosynthetic levels of oil palm seedlings in peat soil growth media. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with two factors, NPK 12:12:17:2+TE including control, 30 g, 60 g, and 90 g per plant. Coconut husk ash includes control, 40 g, 80 g, and 120 g per plant. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, and any observed significant difference led to Duncan's test at p<0.05. The combination of 90 g of fertilizer dose and 80 g of coconut husk ash produced the tallest plant height of 104.53 cm. The highest increase in stem girth was 6.01 cm. The photosynthetic rate was 39.11 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, and the highest stomatal conductance was 0.21 H2O m-2 s-1. The highest internal CO2 and Water Use Efficiency was 177 μmol CO2 mol-1 and 16.15, respectively, while the best transpiration rate was 2.94 mM H2O m-2s-1. Additionally, the photosynthetic rate positively correlated with seedling height and stem diameter, with a R2 0.25 and 0.44 coefficient, respectively. Stomatal conductance was positively correlated with stem diameter, namely R2 0.04. Meanwhile, transpiration rate was negatively correlated with seedling height (R2 17%) and seedling stem diameter (R2 6.9%). Intracellular CO2 was negatively correlated with plant height but positively correlated with stem diameter. The results of this study are expected to be used in increased growth and photosynthesis.

Phenotyping revealed tolerance traits and genotypes for acidity and aluminum toxicity in European Vicia faba L.

Soil acidity is a global issue; soils with pH <4.5 are widespread in Europe. This acidity adversely affects nutrient availability to plants; pH levels <5.0 lead to aluminum (Al3+) toxicity, a significant problem that hinders root growth and nutrient uptake in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and its symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium. However, little is known about the specific traits and tolerant genotypes among the European faba beans. This study aimed to identify response traits associated with tolerance to root zone acidity and Al3+ toxicity and potentially tolerant genotypes for future breeding efforts. Germplasm survey was conducted using 165 genotypes in a greenhouse aquaponics system. Data on the root and shoot systems were collected. Subsequently, 12 genotypes were selected for further phenotyping in peat medium, where data on physiological and morphological parameters were recorded along with biochemical responses in four selected genotypes. In the germplasm survey, about 30% of genotypes showed tolerance to acidity and approximately 10% exhibited tolerance to Al3+, while 7% showed tolerance to both. The phenotyping experiment indicated diverse morphological and physiological responses among treatments and genotypes. Acid and Al3+ increased proline concentration. Interaction between genotype and environment was observed for ascorbate peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde, and proline concentrations. Genomic markers associated with acidity and acid+Al3+-toxicity tolerances were identified using GWAS analysis. Four faba bean genotypes with varying levels of tolerance to acidity and Al3+ toxicity were identified.

The Effect of Irrigation Water Quality and Growing Medium on Growth Parameters of Chokeberry

This study aimed to determine the effect of irrigation water quality and growing medium differences on the growth parameters of the chokeberry plant. The effects of control (0.65 dS m-1), 2 dS m-1, 4 dS m-1, 8 dS m-1, and 10 dS m-1 electrical conductivity irrigation water and 2 different growing medium (peat and soil) were evaluated on plant growth. For this purpose, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), stem weight ratio (SWR), root weight ratio (RWR), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), and leaf thickness (LT) parameters were evaluated. Differences were observed in growth parameters depending on irrigation water salinity and growing medium. The SLA value varied between 26.47 (control) and 3.07 cm2 day-1 (10 dS m-1) in soil medium and between 25.07 (control) and 2.88 cm2 day-1 (10 dS m-1) in peat medium. The values of LAR ranged between 127.98-12.65 cm2 day-1 in soil and 134.14-61.33 cm2 day-1 in peat, and LWR between 0.25-0.03 g g-1 (soil) and 0.43-0.05 g g-1 (peat). The SWR value varied between 0.41-0.18 g g-1 in soil and 1.22-0.29 g g-1 in peat. The RWR value ranged between 0.63-0.37 g g-1 in the soil medium and 1.62-0.31 g g-1 in the peat medium. NAR and RGR are the most potent parameters used to evaluate plant growth and to express growth and development. NAR and RGR parameters reached the highest value in soil medium in 2 dS m-1 application, while in peat medium in control application.

Effects of Different Growing Medium on Obtaining Bulblets from Bulb Scales in Oriental Lilium 'Siberia' Cultivar

This study was carried out to determine the best medium for obtaining bulblets in the Oriental Lilium 'Siberia' plant using bulb scales and different media. In the research, six different growing mediums were used as growing media: soil (control), peat, soil + peat, perlite, perlite + peat, and peat + sand. In the experiment, the number of bulblets, bulblet width, bulblet length, number of healthy and infected bulb scales, and the time it took for the first bulbs to formation were measured. As a result of the study, the highest number of bulblets (110) were obtained from peat + sand. The growing medium with the highest values of bulblet width (11.38 cm) and bulblet length (16.27 cm) was determined to be peat. The highest number of healthy bulb scales (54) was obtained from perlite medium, and the highest number of infected bulb scales (20) was obtained from soil medium. In terms of the formation time of the first bulblets, perlite medium (15 days) was the growing medium where the earliest bulbs were obtained, and the latest bulblets were obtained from control (soil) and soil + peat (40 days). In general, the quality of bulblets obtained from peat medium was better than that from other mediums. In this regard, peat growing medium is recommended to obtain quality bulblets, and peat + sand is recommended if the number of bulblets is desired to be high.

Growth and quality of Geronggang (Cratoxylum arborescens) seedling in different types of growing mediums and containers

Geronggang (Cratoxylum arborescens) is one of native tree species of tropical peat swamp forest which has a good potency both planted for rehabilitation and industrial purposes. Nevertheless, before this tree species can be cultivated on a large scale, much silviculture knowledge and technology must be accessible, including the technique of seedling propagation. This study evaluated the growth and quality of geronggang seedlings grown in different mediums and containers. The seedling was grown in topsoil (M1) and peat (M2) medium with three containers (C1 = plastic pot (volume (v) = 120 mL); C2 = plastic pot (v = 300 mL) and C3 = polybag (v = 400 mL)). As the control, the seedling was also grown in topsoil + compost medium combined with polybag (M3C3). Growth (height (H), collar diameter (D), and biomass) and morphological ((shoot/root (S/R), D/H) and Dickson quality index (DQI)) attributes of the seedling and medium properties were observed. Peat medium had better results than topsoil (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the seedlings grown in peat medium had the highest performance. M2W3 was the treatment with adequate quality to be outplanted at nine months, with H, D, S/R, H/D, and DQI were 25.4 cm, 3.6 mm, 6.94, 1.37, and 0.36, respectively. The results indicated that using peat alone as a medium in geronggang seedling propagation was relatively time-consuming.

Rice Husks and Leaf Mold Used as Peat Substitutes to Improve the Morphological, Photosynthetic, and Biochemical Properties of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium)

Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) are highly valued for their ornamental and economic benefits. However, the commonly used growing medium for chrysanthemums, peat, is not renewable, and peatlands are facing depletion. Therefore, it is important to find sustainable alternatives to peat. This study aims to evaluate the potential of rice husks and leaf mold mixed with peat and perlite in different ratios (10–20–30–40–80% v/v/v/v) as substitute materials for peat in chrysanthemum production. The study examines the physical and chemical properties of the different growing media ratios, as well as their effects on plant growth, development, and physiological indicators. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the different ratios of the cultivation substrate significantly influence the physical and chemical properties of the growing medium, as well as the growth and physiological indicators of chrysanthemums. A 20–30% proportion of rice husks and leaf mold promotes the growth and photosynthetic activity of chrysanthemum cuttings, resulting in increased plant height, leaf area, total chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate. The mixed substrates (10–40%) maintain suitable pH levels, electrical conductivity (EC), and nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). However, an 80% ratio of rice husks negatively affects plant survival and growth due to elevated EC and potassium levels. In conclusion, a peat medium containing 20% rice husks and leaf mold provides a more favorable cultivation substrate for producing high-quality chrysanthemums while promoting sustainable horticultural practices.

The effects of growth regulatory agents in varying doses on Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula × intermedia species in different rooting media

Lavender is a valuable ornamental and aromatic plant species with several applications, including food additives, cosmetics, perfumes, medicine, and aromatherapy, owing to its antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, as well as its pleasant odor. The purpose of this study was to determine the rooting capability of lavender species (Lavandula angustifolia and Lavandula × intermedia) in different media (peat, perlite, peat+perlite) and different doses of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm) on cuttings. After 5 seconds in the (IBA) solution, the cuttings were planted in various rooting media in the greenhouse environment. The highest rooting rate, 93%, was obtained from 2000 ppm IBA application in peat+perlite (1:1) medium, whereas the lowest rooting rate, 13%, was obtained from Lavandula angustifolia species from control application in peat media. In a peat+perlite (1:1) medium with 1500 ppm, the longest root length was 13.16 cm. IBA application Lavandula angustifolia species, the lowest root length in Lavandula × intermedia cuttings were 2.7 cm from control application in perlite medium. Lavandula × intermedia cuttings in peat medium produced the best results in terms of root number (3.36 pcs/cuttings), while Lavandula × intermedia cuttings in perlite medium produced the lowest root number in the control application. In terms of viability rate, both species received high values, with the lowest viability rate obtained from the control application in perlite medium with 80% in Lavandula angustifolia species.

Assess the impact of cultivation substrates for growing sprouts and microgreens of selected four legumes and two grains and evaluation of its nutritional properties

Many people suffer from a deficiency of essential micronutrients. Sprouts and microgreens can transform the whole idea of vegetables to resolve the need for a diet with fresh, nutrient-rich, and high content of phyto-compounds necessary for a healthy body. The study's main objective is to evaluate the growth of 6 different seeds, such as four legumes; fenugreek, mung bean, cowpea, horse gram and two grains, wheat, sorghum microgreens. All the seeds were cultivated in soil, water and coco peat, to estimate and compare the nutritional properties of the selected sprouts vs. microgreens. The growth of microgreens in each medium was evaluated, and the proximate and nutritional properties were analysed. In terms of the growth of microgreens, coco peat medium serves the best, as it retains water for a long and it is porous to provide better aeration for the roots and also the day of harvest is shorter. In terms of the nutritional property of microgreens, soil serves the best, as it contains more nutrients than any other medium. The study results showed sprouts are better sources of proteins and carbohydrates than microgreens. However, microgreens were characterized by a high content of carotenoids, chlorophylls and ascorbic acid. It also exhibiting higher anti-diabetic and anticholinergic activity than sprouts. In addition, the microgreens have more micronutrients like zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, potassium etc., than the sprouts. Finally, microgreens were better growing with coco peat and also sources for functional components for dietary supplements and sustainable agriculture.

Light Intensity and Growth Media Influence Growth, Nutrition, and Phytochemical Content in Trachyandra divaricata Kunth

Trachyandra divaricata (Sandkool) is one of the most abundant wild edible inflorescence vegetables in South Africa. The dearth of literature on its edibility, nutrient composition, and conservation has contributed to its underutilisation. This study investigated mineral and proximate content, phytochemical compositions, and growth response of T. divaricata to light intensity and soilless media. Treatments comprised four media (LECA clay, silica sand, peat, and vermiculite) which were subjected to different shade levels (no shade, 20, 40, 60, and 80%) created from a factory-made 20% density net by doubling (40%), tripling (60%), and quadrupling (80%). All treatments were irrigated with a standard nutrient solution. The results showed that the treatments impacted the yield of T. divaricata significantly in terms of biomass and flower buds, especially in plants cultivated in peat under normal greenhouse lighting (no shade). Conversely, plants developed significantly more specific leaf size and total chlorophyll content under shade levels (20, 40, 60, and 80%) in different growth media, even though the values were comparable among treatments. The highest Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, and Mn levels were consistently recorded in flowers of T. divaricata grown in LECA clay under 80% shade level, while other minerals varied in tested treatments. The peat medium under 20% shade optimised the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) content of the flowers, whereas both fat and protein contents were greatly enhanced by peat and vermiculite, respectively, under the 80% shade. Consistently, the lowest phytochemical contents were recorded in LECA clay subjected to 80% shade, whereas the highest polyphenols and DPPH antioxidants were produced by silica sand medium treated with 20% shade. Both TEAC and FRAP antioxidants were improved significantly in LECA clay under no shade and the 60% shade level. However, both 20% and 60% shade levels enhanced the flavonol content significantly. On the basis of these findings, T. divaricata is a promising inflorescent vegetable that may be considered for domestication and further research due to its potential pharmacological and nutraceutical values.

Effects of two contrasting potting media on the leaf development index, photosynthetic rate, and metabolite profile of camphor (Dryobalanops aromatica) seedlings

Camphor (Dryobalanops aromatica C. F. Gaertn.) is a vulnerable tropical tree species that has been exploited for its timber as well as its resin, which is used for medicinal uses. The use of camphor in Indonesia is limited owing to the decreasing size of the species' population in its native habitat. Therefore, replanting programs have been encouraged for this species owing to its adaptability to mineral soils and shallow peatlands. However, experimental evidence of the effect of different growing media on morphology, physiology, and biochemistry is very limited, which is needed to evaluate the replanting program's success. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the responses of camphor (D. aromatica) seedlings grown in two different types of potting media i.e. mineral and peat, for 8 weeks of planting. In particular, the types of bioactive compounds produced in camphor leaves and their levels were assessed by analyzing their metabolite profiles. Leaf growth was evaluated morphologically using the plastochron index, while photosynthetic rates were measured with LI-6800 Portable Photosynthesis System. Metabolites were identified by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The percentage of LPI of 5 or more was lower in the peat medium at 8% than in the mineral medium at 12%. The photosynthetic rate of camphor seedlings was 1–9 μmol CO2 m⁻2 s⁻1, with a higher rate in the peat medium than in the mineral medium, suggesting that the peat medium was better for growth. Lastly, the metabolomic analysis in the leaf extract revealed the presence of 21 metabolites, which were dominated by flavonoid compounds.

Farklı Yetiştirme Ortamına Uygulanan Vermikompostun Marul Bitkisinin Gelişimi ile Bazı Bitki Besin Maddesi İçerikleri Üzerine Etkisi

In this study, the effects of hazelnut husk (HH), peat (P) and growing medium consisting hazelnut husk + peat (HH:P) mixture on the growth of lettuce and some nutrient contents were investigated. In the experiment, vermicompost (VC) was added to 3 different media at a rate of 0-10-20-30-40-50% by volume. The research was carried out according to the randomized plot design with 3 replications. According to the research results, the fresh and dry weight of the lettuce plant, the number of leaves and the length of the leaves showed significant increases with vermicompost added to the media compared to the control, and it was determined that 40% vermicompost application to hazelnut husk and hazelnut husk+peat mixture was effective. It was determined that the root fresh and dry weight of the plant increased regularly with vermicompost applications and when the root development was evaluated in general, 50% vermicompost application on hazelnut husk+peat mixture and hazelnut husk were effective. Similarly, vermicompost added to the media regularly increased the total N, P, K, Mn and Zn contents of the lettuce plant. Considering the effect of the medias, the macro element contents of the plant were found to be higher in hazelnut husk and hazelnut husk+peat medium, Mn content in peat and Zn content in the mixture. When the effects on the growth parameters and leaf nutrient contents of the lettuce plant were evaluated, it was concluded that the addition of 40-50% vermicompost to hazelnut husk and hazelnut husk+peat media could be used as a seedling growing medium.

RESPONS TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata. L) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN KATION POLIVALEN Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ DAN KOMPOS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT PADA MEDIA GAMBUT

The purpose of this study was to determine the response of mung bean to the application of ameliorant polyvalent cations Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ and Palm Oil Midrib Compost Fertilizer on Peat Media. The research was carried out in the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, Pekanbaru from March to May 2020. The design used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design consisting of two factors. The first factor is the provision of ameliorant material (A) consisting of 4 levels of A0 (without ameliorant), A1 (Cu2+), A2 (Fe3+), and A3 (Zn2+) and the second factor is the provision of palm frond compost (K) consisting of 4 levels of K0 ( without compost) K1 (12 g/plant) K2 (24 g/plant) K3 (36 g/plant). Observational data were analyzed statistically and further test BNJ level 5%. The results of the study by interaction gave an influence on the observation of seed weight per plant, with the best treatment being the provision of ameliorant Cu2+ and oil palm midrib compost 24 g/plant (A1K2). The main effect of giving ameliorant material gave effect on all observation parameters, namely plant height, relative growth rate, speed of dry matter filling, effective seed filling time, flowering age, harvest age, seed weight per plant, percentage of empty pods, the weight of 100 seeds and root volume, where the best treatment is in the provision of ameliorant Cu2+ (A1). The main effect of oil palm midrib compost affects the observation parameters, namely plant height, relative growth rate, speed of dry matter filling, flowering age, harvest age, seed weight per plant, percentage of empty pods, weight of 100 seeds and root volume where the best treatment is in giving 24 g/plant (K2) of oil palm midrib compost.

Organic and in-organic fertilizers effects on the performance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) grown on soilless medium

The effects of organic fertilizers, based on Tithonia diversifolia, and in-organic fertilizers, based on hydroponics fertilizer, were evaluated on the performance, leaves, and fruit mineral concentrations of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants grown under soilless medium in a screen house. The treatments comprised six levels of liquid organic fertilizer (5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 mL), in-organic fertilizer, and a control. Both organic and in-organic fertilizers increased the growth, yield, leaf nutrient concentration, and the mineral contents of tomato and cucumber fruits in comparison with the control. In-organic fertilizer enhanced the performance and mineral concentrations of tomato and cucumber fruits in comparison with organic fertilizer. However, leaf analyses showed that all the essential elements for both tomato and cucumber crops were within the adequate ranges in the organic fertilizer treatments suggesting that this organic fertilizer can be used as an alternative to the expensive and scarce in-organic fertilizer. For organic fertilizer, the highest yield and mineral contents in fruits were attained at doses of 35 mL and 25 mL for tomato and cucumber plants, respectively. At these doses, the fruit weights of tomato and cucumber were increased by 137 and 198%, respectively, in comparison with the control. For a good yield of tomato and cucumber crop with a high fruit mineral content under the soilless medium of coco peat and rice husk, 35 mL and 25 mL of our tested organic fertilizer are recommended.

The effects of biological control agents, potassium phosphite and calcium oxide on race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae of lettuce in closed soilless cultivation systems

AbstractEighteen trials were carried out in a closed soilless system to evaluate the effectiveness of different strains of experimental non‐pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani, commercial biocontrol agents (Streptomyces griseoviridis, Bacillus subtilis and Beauveria bassiana), as well as products based on calcium oxide (CaO) and potassium phosphite on race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, the causal agent of the Fusarium wilt of lettuce. The treatments were applied to lettuce seedlings, which had been grown for 2 days in a peat medium before being artificially inoculated with the pathogen, and were repeated five times at 7‐day intervals. The experimental non‐pathogenic F. oxysporum MSA35 and FC3 strains provided a greater disease severity reduction (54%–83% efficacy) than the commercial B. subtilis (29%–31% efficacy), S. griseoviridis (22%–52% efficacy) and B. bassiana (39%–63% efficacy) formulations. The highest fresh weight value was provided by the non‐pathogenic F. oxysporum MSA35 and FC3 strains, thereby generally reflecting the observed disease reduction. Calcium oxide and potassium phosphite generally resulted in disease protection, but a great variability in efficacy was observed. The obtained results showed good possibilities for the non‐pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain against the pathogen in soilless systems.

Удельная активность и особенности вертикальной миграции стронция-90 в торфянике Мурманской области

The peatlands of the Arctic territories are repositories of radioactive contaminations. The physicochemical properties, specific activity and features of vertical migration of 90Sr in the peat profile of the Murmansk region have been studied. A correlation matrix was compiled according to the studied indicators. The factor that determines the localization of 90Sr in peat has been established. The sources of isotope for the region were determined.&#x0D; The reaction of the peat medium is acidic (4.2 ≤ pHwater ≤ 4.9; 3.6 ≤ pHsalt ≤ 4.1). The ash content of peat is medium and high (5.2 % ≤ Ash ≤ 28 %). The share of organic matter in the peat profile is more than 70 %. The upper part of the profile is saline (soluble salts&gt;0.3%). The share of carbonates in the peat profile is insignificant (0.42–0.83 %).&#x0D; 90Sr activity (0.55–7.7 Bq/kg) was recorded in each peat sample. The activity of the technogenic radionuclide is below the established permissible norm and within the range typical for all Russian soils. The 90Sr isotope is localized in the upper layers of the profile and at a depth of more than 16 cm. The localization of 90Sr in peat layers is due to the content of water-soluble salts (r = 0.85). The main sources of the isotope for the Murmansk region are past global fallout from nuclear tests, the Chernobyl accident and current local fallout from nuclear fuel facilities.

Test Of Various Bulbil Sizes And Dolomite Dosages On Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) Growth In Peat Media

Porang plant (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume.) is one of the plants that have the potential to be cultivated in peatlands needed to increase its production. This study aims to increase the growth of smallholder plants on peat media until six months after planting through bulbil size with dolomite treatment. The research type was a 4x3 factorial experiment arranged based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor is bulbil size which consists of four levels, e.g., B1 (5.0 g-7.5 g), B2 (&gt;7.5 g-10 g), B3 (&gt;10 g-12.5 g), B4 (&gt; 12.5 g-15.0 g) and the second factor dose of dolomite consists of three levels, e.g., D1 (2.5 ton.ha-1) D2 (5.0 ton.ha-1) D3 (7.5 ton.ha-1) -1). These two factors resulted in 12 treatment combinations, with three repetitions. Each experimental unit consisted of three plants. Parameters observed were growth power, plant height, stem diameter, crown width, rachis length, number of leaves, number of tillers, and number of tubers formed. The results showed that the application of dolomite could improve some of the chemical properties of peat soil. The bigger the bulbil size, the better the growth of people and the administration of 7.5 tons of dolomite.ha-1 increased several plant growth parameters such as growth power and plant height.

Application of Bacillus cereus Biofertilizer Formulation of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) Growth and Yield Support Sustainable Agriculture on Peatlands

Soybean growth and yield can only be increased by giving biofertilizers containing Bacillus cereus. Several formulations of organic matter as carriers are expected to increase the effectiveness of B. cereus in biofertilizer. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of various formulations of B. cereus biofertilizer on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) on peat medium. The experimental research design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications (20 experimental units) with the treatment tested was the formulation of B. cereus (F): 100 ml of B. cereus without formulation (F0); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% bagasse + 13 % zeolite + 13% dolomite (F1); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% rice husk + 13% zeolite + 13% dolomite (F2); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% solid + 13% zeolite +13% dolomite (F3); 100 ml of B. cereus + 74% OPEFB + 13% zeolite + 13% dolomite (F4). The results showed that the application of all organic materials in the formulation had not been optimally able to increase every parameter of growth and production. However, the B. cereus + oil palm empty bunches (OPEFB) tended to be better for the percentage of effective root nodules and seed weight per 3 soybean plants.