Pearson Correlation Coefficient Research Articles

Image analysis for bright-field HER2 in situ hybridization: validation for clinical use.

The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a quantitative image analysis (IA) algorithm to aid pathologists in assessing bright-field HER2 in situ hybridization (ISH) tests in solid cancers. A cohort of 80 sequential cases (40 HER2-negative and 40 HER2-positive) were evaluated for HER2 gene amplification with bright-field ISH. We developed an IA algorithm using the ISH Module from HALO software to automatically quantify HER2 and CEP17 copy numbers per cell as well as the HER2/CEP17 ratio. We observed a high correlation of HER2/CEP17 ratio, an average of HER2 and CEP17 copy number per cell between visual and IA quantification (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.842, 0.916, and 0.765, respectively). IA was able to count from 124 cells to 47,044 cells (median of 5565 cells). The margin of error for the visual quantification of the HER2/CEP17 ratio and of the average of HER2 copy number per cell decreased from a median of 0.23 to 0.02 and from a median of 0.49 to 0.04, respectively, in IA. Curve estimation regression models showed that a minimum of 469 or 953 invasive cancer cells per case is needed to reach an average margin of error below 0.1 for the HER2/CEP17 ratio or for the average of HER2 copy number per cell, respectively. Lastly, on average, a case took 212.1s to execute the IA, which means that it evaluates about 130 cells/s and requires 6.7s/mm2. The concordance of the IA software with the visual scoring was 95%, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%. All four discordant cases were able to achieve concordant results after the region of interest adjustment. In conclusion, this validation study underscores the usefulness of IA in HER2 ISH testing, displaying excellent concordance with visual scoring and significantly reducing margins of error.

Clinical and pathological significance of Orai1 channel expression in human diabetic nephropathy.

Targeted therapies for diabetic nephropathy (DN) are lacking, partly due to their irreversible nature. The role of Orai1, a store-operated Ca2+ channel, in DN remains debated, with conflicting evidence on its effect on proteinuria in animal models. We aimed to elucidate the functional relevance of Orai1 expression for clinicopathological parameters in patients with DN. In this study, we included 93 patients diagnosed with DN between 2009 and 2019. Immunohistochemical staining for Orai1 was performed on paraffin-embedded kidney sections. The significance of Orai1 expression in human DN was assessed by examining its correlation with DN's pathological and clinical parameters using Pearson's correlation coefficient and univariate logistic regression. Orai1 was significantly overexpressed in DN patients compared to control. A strong correlation was observed between increased Orai1 expression and higher Renal Pathology Society DN classification, enhanced interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy scores. Positive correlations with serum creatinine levels and prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria category were noted but the estimated GFR was inversely related to Orai1 expression. Orai1's association with advanced CKD stages persisted even after adjusting for confounding variables in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Orai1 expression is closely associated with histological and clinical severities of DN, suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker for disease progression and prognosis. These findings provide new perspectives on therapeutic interventions targeting Orai1 in DN.

Wearable-Based Kinematic Analysis of Upper-Limb Movements During Daily Activities Could Provide Insights into Stroke Survivors' Motor Ability.

Frequent and objective monitoring of motor recovery progression holds significant importance in stroke rehabilitation. Despite extensive studies on wearable solutions in this context, the focus has been predominantly on evaluating limb activity. This study aims to address this limitation by delving into a novel measure of wrist kinematics more intricately related to patients' motor capacity. To explore a new wearable-based approach for objectively and reliably assessing upper-limb motor ability in stroke survivors using a single inertial sensor placed on the stroke-affected wrist. Seventeen stroke survivors performed a series of daily activities within a simulated home setting while wearing a six-axis inertial measurement unit on the wrist affected by stroke. Inertial data during point-to-point upper-limb movements were decomposed into movement segments, from which various kinematic variables were derived. A data-driven approach was then employed to identify a kinematic variable demonstrating robust internal reliability, construct validity, and convergent validity. We have identified a key kinematic variable, namely the 90th percentile of movement segment distance during point-to-point movements. This variable exhibited robust reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient of .93) and strong correlations with established clinical measures of motor capacity (Pearson's correlation coefficients of .81 with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper-Extremity; .77 with the Functional Ability component of the Wolf Motor Function Test; and -.68 with the Performance Time component of the Wolf Motor Function Test). The findings underscore the potential for continuous, objective, and convenient monitoring of stroke survivors' motor progression throughout rehabilitation.

A Pilot Study of Ultrasound Assessment of Umbilical Cord and Placental Vascular Flow for Cord Accident Stillbirth Prevention.

Our objective was to determine the feasibility and interobserver reliability of umbilical cord and placental arteriolar flow assessment in low-risk pregnancies near term. This was a prospective pilot study in low-risk pregnancies at 36 weeks with anterior placentas. We excluded any with an indication for antenatal testing or delivery before 39 weeks. Each participant underwent two ultrasounds by different examiners, which included arterial and venous velocimetry at three cord sites (fetal, free loop, and placental) in addition to maternal and fetal placental arterioles. The interobserver reliability was quantified using the Pearson correlation coefficient with that of standard clinical parameters serving as a benchmark for interpretation. Among 53 participants scanned at 356/7-371/7 weeks, the mean examination duration was 20.5 ± 4.2 minutes. Ascertainment success was high for measures at the free loop, placental cord insertion, and fetal placental arterioles (range 90.6%-99.1%) and was lower at the fetal cord insertion and maternal spiral arterioles (range 47.2%-87.7%). Interobserver reliability estimates for free-loop systolic/diastolic and pulsatility index ranged from 0.38 to 0.44. Interobserver reliability for experimental parameters varied by measurement site, and all were poor at the fetal insertion and in placental arterioles. Parameters had significant variation across cord sites (range 4.3%-21.7%). In our cohort, flow assessments of the free loop, placental insertion, and placental arterioles are feasible, but interrater reliability varies by measurement type and cord site. Future studies are needed to establish feasibility and reliability in nonanterior placentation and to assess clinical relevance.

Accurate estimation of the normalized mutual information of multidimensional data.

While the linear Pearson correlation coefficient represents a well-established normalized measure to quantify the inter-relation of two stochastic variables X and Y, it fails for multidimensional variables, such as Cartesian coordinates. Avoiding any assumption about the underlying data, the mutual information I(X, Y) does account for multidimensional correlations. However, unlike the normalized Pearson correlation, it has no upper bound (I ∈ [0, ∞)), i.e., it is not clear if say, I = 0.4 corresponds to a low or a high correlation. Moreover, the mutual information (MI) involves the estimation of high-dimensional probability densities (e.g., six-dimensional for Cartesian coordinates), which requires a k nearest-neighbor algorithm, such as the estimator by Kraskov et al. [Phys. Rev. E 69, 066138 (2004)]. As existing methods to normalize the MI cannot be used in connection with this estimator, a new approach is presented, which uses an entropy estimation method that is invariant under variable transformations. The algorithm is numerically efficient and does not require more effort than the calculation of the (un-normalized) MI. After validating the method by applying it to various toy models, the normalized MI between the Cα-coordinates of T4 lysozyme is considered and compared to a correlation analysis of inter-residue contacts.

Noise in operating theatres, is it safe?

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is a condition caused by repeated exposure to loud noise, with operating theatre personnel potentially at risk. The aims of this study were to establish the typical noise levels in orthopaedic theatres and to compare these to The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005. We measured the average noise levels in 40 trauma and orthopaedic surgeries in a single centre. We used the Decibel X app to take measurements, then performed corrections to ascertain noise levels at the surgeon's ear (Leq). The daily noise exposure level for theatre staff for each procedure (LEP, d) and the LEP, d over an average 8-hour working day when performing different groups of procedures were calculated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test and the Pearson coefficient of correlation. The LEP, d lower action value (80 dBA) as set by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) was met by performing a single revision total knee replacement or a right open ankle debridement. Assuming three procedures are conducted per list, lists consisting of joint replacements (82 dBA) or medium elective procedures (81 dBA) exceed this lower limit. Additionally, lists comprising large and medium bone fractures would be within 1 dB of the limit (79 dBA and 79 dBA, respectively). Soft tissue (74 dBA), arthroscopic (73 dBA), and small bone fracture (71 dBA) procedures had the lowest LEP, d. The greatest contributors to noise levels were surgical instruments. The number of people in the room made a significant difference to noise levels (p = 0.032). We have established the baseline noise levels in various orthopaedic procedures. Measures should be taken to meet UK regulations. Further research should determine suitable measures for protection from hearing damage for theatre staff and evaluate the risks high noise levels pose to patients.

Intraoperative OCT to check the correct postimplant position of PreserfloTM.

This study was designed to examine the capacity of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) to predict the postimplant position of the glaucoma drainage device PreserfloTM. 13 eyes (mean age 65.42 (14.89) years) underwent PreserfloTM (Santen, Osaka, Japan) placement. Before surgery, participants were subjected to a comprehensive ophthalmic examination (intraocular pressure (IOP), cup to disk ratio (C/D), visual field, OCT, endothelial cell count). Anterior segment OCT scans were obtained intraoperatively using a Rescan 700 OCT system (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Oberkochen, Germany). One day postsurgery, anterior segment OCT using the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH) was performed in a sitting position to capture the same chamber cross-section as before. The main outcome variables were tube-endothelium distance (T-E) and tube length (TL) in the anterior chamber measured using both OCT systems. Correlation between intraoperative and office measurements was examined through Pearson correlation (r) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Mean intraoperative and in-office T-E were 625.26 (SD 366.60) versus 561.16 (SD 364.62) µm respectively (p = 0.540). Intraoperative and in-office anterior chamber TL were 1386 (SD 701.82) and 1433.91 (SD 713.55) µm, respectively (p = 0.029). Excellent correlation was observed between both sets of T-E (r = 0.992; p = 0.008) and TL (r = 0.984; p = 0.016) values. Both OCT systems showed good agreement yielding ICCs of 0.992 (p < 0.001) for T-E and 0.995 (p = 0.001) for TL. Excellent correlation was observed between our intraoperative and postoperative OCT measurements. These results support the usefulness of intraoperative OCT to confirm the correct position of an implanted PreserfloTM microshunt.

Modification of an AIE Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring the Polarity of Lipid Droplets Based on a series of Synthesized Aryl Naphthalizes.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are subcellular organelles that are dynamic and play a central role in energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. They also contribute to the transport and maturation of cellular proteins and are closely associated with several diseases. The important role of the cellular microenvironment in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Changes in cell polarity, particularly in organelles, have been found to be strongly linked to inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and other illnesses. It is essential to check the polarity of the LDs. A series of arylated naphthalimide derivatives were synthesized using the Suzuki reaction. Modification of synthesized aryl naphthalimides using oligomeric PEG based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. A series of fluorescent probes were designed to target LDs and detect their polarity. Nap-TPA-PEG3 probe exhibited high sensitivity to polarity. The addition of oligomeric polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the probe not only significantly improved its solubility in water, but also effectively reduced its cytotoxicity. In addition, the probe exhibited excellent aggregation-induced luminescence (AIE) properties and solvent discolouration effects. Nap-TPA-PEG3 probe exhibited high Pearson correlation coefficient (0.957163) in lipid droplet co-localization in cells. Nap-TPA-PEG3 could be used as an effective hand tool to monitor cell polarity.

Utilizing Entropy of Cadence to Optimize Cycling Rehabilitation in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease.

Previous studies have established that increased Sample Entropy (SampEn) of cadence, a measure of non-linear variability, during dynamic cycling leads to greater improvements in motor function for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is significant variability in responses among individuals with PD due to symptoms and disease progression. The aim of this study was to develop and test a paradigm for adapting a cycling exercise intervention using SampEn of cadence and rider effort to improve motor function. Twenty-two participants were randomized into either patient-specific adaptive dynamic cycling (PSADC) or non-adaptive (NA) group. SampEn of cadence was calculated after each of the 12 sessions, and motor function was evaluated using the Kinesia test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between SampEn of cadence and motor function improvement. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to identify the strongest predictors of motor function improvement. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between SampEn of cadence and motor function improvements (R2 = -.545, P = .009), suggesting that higher SampEn of cadence led to greater motor function improvement. MLR demonstrated that SampEn of cadence was the strongest predictor of motor function improvement (β = -8.923, t = -2.632, P = .018) over the BMI, Levodopa equivalent daily dose, and effort. The findings show that PSADC paradigm promoted a greater improvement in motor function than NA dynamic cycling. These data will be used to develop a predictive model to optimize motor function improvement after cycling in individuals with PD.

Machine-Learning-Assisted Design of Novel TiZrNbVAl Refractory High-Entropy Alloys with Enhanced Ductility

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) typically exhibit excellent high-temperature strength but limited ductility. In this study, a comprehensive machine learning strategy with integrated material knowledge is proposed to predict the elongation of TiZrNbVAl RHEAs. By referring to the ductility theories, a set of cost-effective material features is developed with various mathematical forms of thermodynamic parameters. These features are proven to effectively incorporate material knowledge into ML modeling. They also offer potential alternatives to those obtained from costly first-principles calculations. Based on Pearson correlation coefficients, the linear relationships between pairwise features were compared, and the seven key features with the greatest impact on the model were selected for ML modeling. Regression tasks were performed to predict the ductility of TiZrNbVAl, and the CatBoost gradient boosting algorithm exhibiting the best performance was eventually selected. The established optimized model achieves high predictive accuracies exceeding 0.8. These key features were further analyzed using interpretable ML methods to elucidate their influences on various ductility mechanisms. According to the ML results, different compositions of TiZrNbVAl with excellent tensile properties were prepared. The experimental results indicate that Ti44Zr24Nb17V5Al10 and Ti44Zr26Nb8V13Al9 both exhibited ultimate tensile strengths of approximately 1180 MPa and elongations higher than 21%. They verified that the ML strategy proposed in this study is an effective approach for predicting the properties of RHEAs. It is a potential method that can replace costly first-principles calculations. Thermodynamic parameters have been shown to effectively predict alloy ductility to a certain extent.

Lost needles, pads and where to find them.

This study aims to assess the frequency and associated factors of surgical "near-miss" incidents (NMIs) in neurosurgery using an event reporting system, to inform the development of appropriate interventions. This retrospective study collected reports of NMIs in our hospital's neurosurgery operating room (OR) from January 2019 to January 2022 through an adverse event reporting system and anonymous surveys. We conducted intergroup difference analysis using t-tests and investigated factors contributing to NMIs using Pearson correlation coefficients. We further constructed multinomial logistic regression models to explore the important factors affecting the types of lost objects and search times. A total of 195 NMIs were included in this study, with the primary items lost being 62 brain cotton pads and 133 needles. Statistical analysis revealed that smaller pads (48.4%) and size 3.0 needles (49.6%) were the most commonly missed items, with the longest retrieval times. The likelihood of NMIs occurring was higher for nurses with junior and/or non-neurosurgical backgrounds (needles: 82.7%, pads: 83.9%). Furthermore, factors such as extended working hours, nighttime surgeries, larger incisions, and more surgical instruments all increased the incidence of NMIs. The results of the multinomial logistic regression model showed that the type and search time for lost needles in the OR were jointly influenced by multiple factors (p<0.05) compared to cotton pads. The occurrence of NMIs is associated with various factors. Reporting NMIs and their causes helps identify solutions before adverse events occur, thereby enhancing patient safety.

EFection: Effectiveness Detection Technique for Clustering Cloud Workload Traces

Clustering is widely used in cloud computing studies to extract vital information. These studies have ignored investigating the potential improvements in clustering quality from better selection of its dimensions and methods. Consequently, developing an automated technique to perform such a selection was not addressed thoroughly. Most of the recent attempts either relied on feature reduction or general non-automated techniques, which were deemed unreliable for sufficient selection. Therefore, we first conducted a comprehensive investigation to study the impact of selecting better clustering dimensions and methods. Our results indicate achieving significant improvement by 15–70% points through better selection. Then, we developed a novel technique (EFection) to detect the best selection in advance using a combination of internal validation metrics (Davies–Bouldin) and the Pearson correlation coefficient. We evaluate our technique’s accuracy by comparing the clustering quality of its suggestions with that of the optimal selection. We then compare EFection’s performance with recent attempts to measure its superiority. Finally, we validate its applicability when adopted in cloud clustering-based studies. The results show that EFection offers high accuracy, around 83%, and surpasses prior art by 11%.

Research on prediction method of photovoltaic power generation based on transformer model

Accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation is of great significance to stable operation of power system. To improve the prediction accuracy of photovoltaic power, a photovoltaic power generation prediction machine learning model based on Transformer model is proposed in this paper. In this paper, the basic principle of Transformer model is introduced. Correlation analysis tools such as Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient are introduced to analyze the correlation between various factors and power generation in the photovoltaic power generation process. Then, the prediction results of traditional machine learning models and the Transformer model proposed in this paper were compared and analyzed for errors. The results show that: for long-term prediction tasks such as photovoltaic power generation prediction, Transformer model has higher prediction accuracy than traditional machine learning models. Moreover, compared with BP, LSTM and Bi-LSTM models, the Mean Square Error (MSE) of Transformer model decreases by 70.16%, 69.32% and 62.88% respectively in short-term prediction, and the Mean Square Error (MSE) of Transformer model decreases by 63.58%, 51.02% and 38.3% respectively in long-term prediction, which has good prediction effect. In addition, compared with the long-term prediction effect of Informer model, Transformer model has higher prediction accuracy.

The intersection of physical activity type and gender in patterns of disordered eating

Although previous research has linked disordered eating to physical activity involvement, more recent studies suggest that sports participation may be protective against disordered eating; however, due to inconsistent findings on how physical activity affects disordered eating and limited research comparing types of physical activity across weight control behaviours, our aim was to validate physical activity categorization across disordered eating components in both men and women. In this online study, 209 men and 539 women completed questionnaires assessing various components of disordered eating and overall physical activity participation. Pearson correlation coefficients, independent samples t-tests, multiple response crosstabulations, and linear regressions were calculated to achieve the aims of this study. Participation in various types of physical activity significantly predicted various components of disordered eating attitudes, behaviours, and cognitions. Specifically, for women, purging and restricting eating were associated with participation in ball games, while a focus on muscle building was associated with both ball games and weight-class physical activity. For men, body dissatisfaction and excessive exercise were associated with weight-class physical activity participation, while cognitive restraint and muscle building were related to aesthetic sports participation. Purging was associated with both aesthetic and weight-class physical activity, whereas restricting eating was related to weight-class physical activity and ball games. These inconsistencies underscore the need for further research to fully elucidate the relationship between participation in different types of physical activity and the various components of disordered eating.

Excessive posterior placement of upper instrumented vertebra relative to lower instrumented vertebra as a predictor of proximal junction kyphosis after selective spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Lenke type 5C curves.

We defined sagittal S-line tilt (SSLT) as the tilt of the line connecting the upper instrumented vertebra and the lower instrumented vertebra. This study aimed to: (1) examine the correlation between SSLT and proximal junctional angle (PJA) change values, and (2) determine the cut-off value of SSLT with respect to proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) occurrence. Eighty-six consecutive patients (81 female and 5 male; mean age: 15.8years) with Lenke 5C AIS who underwent posterior selective spinal fusion. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between preoperative SSLT and changes in PJA from preoperative to 2years postoperative. The impact of SSLT on PJK at 2years after surgery was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We observed a moderate positive correlation between preoperative SSLT and change in PJA (R = 0.541, P < 0.001). We identified 18 patients (21%) with PJK at 2years postoperative. Mean preoperative SSLT in the PJK group and the non-PJK group differed significantly at 23.3 ± 4.1° and 16.1 ± 5.0°, respectively (P < 0.001). The cut-off value of preoperative SSLT for PJK at 2years postoperative was 18° in ROC curve analysis, with a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 68%, and area under the ROC curve of 0.868. In selective lumbar fusion for AIS Lenke type 5C curves, preoperative SSLT was significantly correlated with PJA change from preoperative to 2years postoperative. SSLT was a predictor of PJK occurrence, with a cut-off value of 18°.

Parameter Study of Geoeffective Active Regions

Geomagnetic storms (GSs) are major disturbances in the terrestrial atmosphere caused by the reconnection process between the incoming plasma ejecta in the solar wind and the planetary magnetosphere. The strongest GSs can lead to auroral displays even at lower latitudes, and cause both satellite and ground-based infrastructure malfunctions. The early recognition of geoeffective events based on specific features on the solar photosphere is crucial for the development of early warning systems. In this study, we explore 16 magnetic field parameters provided by the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) database from the SDO/HMI instrument. The analysis includes 64 active regions that produced strong GS during solar cycle (SC) 24 and the ongoing SC25. We present the statistical results between the SHARP and solar parameters, in terms of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, and discuss their space weather potential.

Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Mandarin Version of the Dysphagia Handicap Index.

This study aimed to develop the Dysphagia Handicap Index-Chinese Mandarin (DHI-CM) and to assess its reliability and validity. This prospective study was conducted in China with individuals who speak Mandarin. The DHI-CM was developed according to a five-stage process. 264 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and 187 healthy individuals completed the study. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability. Differences between healthy participants and patients with OD were analyzed for instrument validity. Convergent and concurrent validity were assessed using the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QoL) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), respectively. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to assess content validity. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (EFA and CFA, respectively) were used to assess structural validity. The Cronbach's alpha was > 0.9 for the total score and every individual subscale. The Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients were both > 0.8. The patients with OD showed significantly higher scores in the DHI-CM and its subscales than the healthy individuals. Significant correlations were found between most subscales of the DHI-CM and both the SWAL-QoL and FOIS. The CVI of the DHI-CM was 0.892 and ranged between 0.878 and 1.000 for the subscales. The EFA identified three components that explained 24.33%, 23.99%, and 22.73% of the variance, respectively. The scale showed good structural validity through CFA. Conclusions. The DHI-CM demonstrated good reliability and validity among Mandarin-speaking Chinese adults.

Ant-waist surgery adversely affects lung function: a cross-sectional study.

Body contouring surgery for the removal of the 11th and 12th ribs is undertaken for aesthetic appeal in female and transgender populations. The potential adverse effects of the surgery on lung function and respiratory muscle strength have not been previously studied. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of 'Ant-waist' surgery on lung function and respiratory muscle strength in individuals who had undergone surgery. This was a cross-sectional study with two groups, an Anti-waist group who had undergone surgery and an age and gender matched control group. Participants performed lung function tests to determine measurements of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, MIP, and MEP. Independent t-tests were performed to determine between-group differences in outcomes and Pearson's correlation coefficients determined the relationship between lung function and respiratory muscle strength, and number of years since surgery. There was a significant between-group difference in FEV1 (-0.83; 95%CI -1.30, -0.36; p<0.001), FEV1%pred. (-34.91; 95%CI -48.92, -20.90; p<0.001), FVC%pred. (-22.73; 95%CI -32.84, -12.62; p<0.001), PEF%pred. (-44.18; 95%CI -61.52, -26.84; p<0.001) and MEP (-68.27; -102.48, -34.07; p<0.001). There were significantly large, negative correlations (r>0.5) between the number of years after surgery and FEV1 (p=0.002), FEV1%pred. (p=0.0001); and PEF%pred. (p=0.032). This study has identified that aesthetic surgery for the removal of ribs 11 and 12 had a significant adverse effect on lung function and respiratory muscle strength in Jordanian females. The potential adverse effects should be carefully explained by surgeons to patients considering the surgery.

Does the Addition of PROMIS Pain Instruments Improve the Sensitivity of PROMIS Upper Extremity Scores Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair?

Though Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity (P-UE) has been validated in upper extremity orthopedics, it's ability to capture a patient's functional recovery after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (aRCR), as measured by its responsiveness, is minimal in the early postoperative period. The primary purpose of this study is to determine if addition of PROMIS Pain Intensity (P-Intensity) or Pain Interference (P-Interference) scores to PROMIS UE improves the responsiveness throughout the one-year postoperative period after aRCR. This prospective, longitudinal study included 100 patients who underwent aRCR. Patients completed P-UE, P-Interference, P-Intensity, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) scores preoperatively and at 2-weeks, 6-weeks, 3 months, 6-months and 12-months after surgery. Responsiveness at each time-point relative to preoperative baseline and one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis was conducted for each PROM. Responsiveness of the outcome score was determined using the effect size (ES), graded as small (0.2), medium (0.5), or large (0.8). The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was determined between these instruments at each time-point. In isolation, P-UE, P-Interference, and P-Intensity showed a medium-large ability to detect change (positive and negative) throughout the one-year postoperative period. The addition of PROMIS pain scores to P-UE improved the responsiveness of the instrument (from medium to a large effect size) starting at 3 months and continued throughout the 12 month follow-up period. Though the addition of pain scores increases the response burden for PROMIS, this was still lower when compared to the response burden for the legacy outcome scores (p<0.05). The addition of PROMIS pain instruments improves the responsiveness of the P-UE function score in patients undergoing aRCR.

Mirikizumab Sustained Impact on Fatigue in Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease in the Phase 2 AMAG Study.

Fatigue is a burdensome,under-recognized, multidimensional symptom experienced by patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We evaluated the impact of mirikizumab on fatigue and the association between changes in select patient-reported outcomes and clinical measures with changes in fatigue from baseline to week 104 (W104). Patients (N = 191) were randomized (2:1:1:2) to receive placebo (PBO), 200mg, 600mg, or 1000mg of mirikizumab, administered intravenously (IV) every 4 weeks at W0, W4, and W8. Patients who achieved ≥1 point improvement in Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) and received mirikizumab at W12 (rerandomized maintenance cohort) were rerandomized to continue induction IV treatment assignment (IV-C) or received 300mg of mirikizumab subcutaneously (SC) until W52. Nonrandomized maintenance cohort had endoscopic nonimprovers (1000mg) and PBO patients (PBO/1000mg) who received 1000mg of mirikizumab until W52. Subjects from the maintenance period with clinical benefit received 300mg SC Q4W from W52 to W104. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) questionnaire was used to assess fatigue, and the FACIT-F associations were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient. At W12, mirikizumab groups reported improved FACIT-F scores compared with PBO, and improvement was maintained through W52 and W104. Changes in FACIT-F at W52 and W104 had strong correlations with changes at the same time point in quality of life (QoL) scores but lacked correlations with changes in inflammatory biomarkers. Mirikizumab treatment significantly improved fatigue in patients with moderately to severely active CD, which was sustained to W104. The improvement in fatigue was correlated with improvement in clinical measures and was strongly correlated with improvement in QoL.