Pearson Correlation Coefficient Research Articles

PRITrans: A Transformer-Based Approach for the Prediction of the Effects of Missense Mutation on Protein–RNA Interactions

Protein–RNA interactions are essential to many cellular functions, and missense mutations in RNA-binding proteins can disrupt these interactions, often leading to disease. To address this, we developed PRITrans, a specialized computational method aimed at predicting the effects of missense mutations on protein–RNA interactions, which is vital for understanding disease mechanisms and advancing molecular biology research. PRITrans is a novel deep learning model designed to predict the effects of missense mutations on protein–RNA interactions, which employs a Transformer architecture enhanced with multiscale convolution modules for comprehensive feature extraction. Its primary innovation lies in integrating protein language model embeddings with a deep feature fusion strategy, effectively handling high-dimensional feature representations. By utilizing multi-layer self-attention mechanisms, PRITrans captures nuanced, high-level sequence information, while multiscale convolutions extract features across various depths, thereby enhancing predictive accuracy. Consequently, this architecture enables significant improvements in ΔΔG prediction compared to traditional approaches. We validated PRITrans using three different cross-validation strategies on two newly reconstructed mutation datasets, S315 and S630 (containing 315 forward and 315 reverse mutations). The results consistently demonstrated PRITrans’s strong performance on both datasets. PRITrans demonstrated strong predictive capability, achieving a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.741 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.168 kcal/mol on the S630 dataset. Moreover, its robust performance extended to independent test sets, achieving a Pearson correlation of 0.699 and an RMSE of 1.592 kcal/mol. These results underscore PRITrans’s potential as a powerful tool for protein-RNA interaction studies. Moreover, when tested against existing prediction methods on an independent dataset, PRITrans showed improved predictive accuracy and robustness.

Application of AI to minimize information risk in tax control: Evidence from Bulgaria

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in tax control is becoming more and more relevant in the conditions of globalization and digitalization of the economy, which creates a need for effective mechanisms for managing information risk. With the growing volume of data and the complexity of the tax processes, the risk of deviations, fraud and inconsistencies increases significantly. This article aims to examine applied AI tools and approaches that can minimize information risk in tax control, as well as to analyze their effectiveness through the prism of practice in Bulgaria. The methodology is based on correlation analysis, which measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between pairs of variables. A Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the variable "Artificial Intelligence" and the different forms of tax control. Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient was used to assess the linear relationship between the variables of collection, processing, verification, and management of tax information related to the application of AI. The main results show that AI has a positive and statistically significant effect on risk management and cybersecurity, suggesting the potential to improve data protection and reliability. However, the verification and revision of tax information needs to significantly impact AI, which points to the need for further development of these technologies for better integration. In conclusion, the application of AI offers significant opportunities to minimize information risk in tax control but requires targeted adaptation and refinement in specific aspects of control processes.

Determining the Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Intern Students about the Effect of Periodontal Diseases on Systemic Diseases

Background: Periodontal diseases are prevalent chronic multifactorial conditions that significantly affect individuals' quality of life across various dimensions. Additionally, the association and impact of periodontal disease on systemic health have been a focus of medical attention for many years. This influence is particularly recognized as a risk factor in several conditions, notably coronary artery disease. Consequently, enhancing awareness and improving the attitudes of healthcare professionals toward this association is of great importance. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the level of awareness and attitudes regarding this impact. This study has investigated the knowledge and attitude of medical intern students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive study, a knowledge of the effect of periodontal disease on systemic diseases and their attitude towards periodontal in medical interns of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, a total of 160 people who were selected by census method, were investigated using a questionnaire based on the study by Thomas and Pralhad in 2011. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software with independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 160 medical interns were surveyed. There was a significant positive correlation between the age of students and their attitude toward periodontal health (p=0.024). Additionally, the student's knowledge and attitudes toward periodontal health were not significantly associated with the level of information abo ut periodontal disease or the predominant source of oral health information (p>0.05). Moreover, knowledge of the impact of systemic diseases or conditions on periodontal disease was significantly correlated with awareness of the impact of systemic diseases on periodontal health (p<0.001). Furthermore, attitudes toward periodontal health showed a significant positive correlation with knowledge of the systemic impact on periodontal disease (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that the participant's knowledge regarding the impact of periodontal disease on systemic health is moderate. While the majority of participants assess their knowledge about periodontal issues as insufficient, they believe that clinical and theoretical education related to this topic should be included in the curriculum of their studies. Furthermore, they express a positive attitude toward acquiring more information and education on this matter.

Pregnancy dating: Determining gestational age through fetal kidney length-what do we observe?

Accurate gestational age is crucial for obstetric care, pregnancy management, and preterm labor decisions. Ultrasound, based on fetal biometric parameters, is a reliable method for this purpose. This study aims to estimate gestational age in the third trimester using ultrasonographic methods, focusing on fetal kidney length. Gestational age is estimated in the third trimester by measuring fetal kidney length and comparing it with gestational age derived from other biometric parameters (bi-parietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length) and the last menstrual period (LMP). A nine-month prospective study was conducted Kozhikode, Kerala, from September 2016 to May 2017. The study involved 200 women in their third trimester of pregnancy, utilizing third-trimester ultrasound to measure and document kidney length along with other biometric parameters (BPD, HC, AC, and FL). Subsequently, the collected data was reviewed and analyzed.: The study revealed a strong positive correlation between fetal kidney lengths (FKL) measured in millimeters and gestational age in weeks during the third trimester. The correlation was significant, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.87 (p < 0.001). Additionally, FKL exhibited positive correlations with other variables, including abdominal circumference (r = 0.832), head circumference (r = 0.845), bi-parietal diameter (r = 0.838), and femur length (r = 0.837). These findings demonstrated a strong Pearson’s correlation (r= 0.87-0.96, P <0.05) for all the biometric parameters including FKL. A linear relationship exists between fetal kidney length (FKL) and gestational age, allowing FKL to serve as an effective parameter for estimating gestational age during the third trimester. Given its positive correlation with other fetal biometric parameters such as bi-parietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL), incorporating FKL alongside these measurements enhances the accuracy of gestational dating in the third trimester. This combination of parameters improves the prediction of gestational age during this stage of pregnancy.

The Effect of Cognitive and Motor Dual Tasks on the Synergy of Lower Limb Muscles During Walking.

Walking is one of the most complex human movements that can be affected by various sources of attention. Dual tasks reduce attention, increase information processing, and may alter control mechanisms such as synergy. However, the effect of dual tasks on muscle synergy remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive and motor dual tasks on the synergy of lower limb muscles during walking. Twenty-four participants were selected voluntarily. The activity of the eight lower limb muscles was recorded under three different conditions: normal walking without a dual task, walking with a cognitive dual task, and walking with a motor dual task. A nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm and the variance accounted for were used to extract muscle synergy. The repeated-measures analysis of variance test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were performed to analyze the data. In this study, five muscle synergies were extracted from electromyography data using the variance accounted for method under three different conditions. The pattern of muscle synergies showed moderate to strong correlations. Peaks of synergies changed, and a time shift in synergy peaks during walking was observed. However, the number of extracted synergies did not change. The number of recruited muscle synergies remained consistent across different conditions. Dual tasks affect the higher levels of the motor control system, causing interference in information processing that leads to a shift in the tendency of synergy and weight coefficients of the muscles, ultimately resulting in a change in walking mechanics.

Acquired ineffective erythropoiesis in pediatric ECMO patients: Higher than anticipated serum EPO levels and lower than anticipated reticulocytes counts were associated with mortality.

ECMO plays a crucial role in treating severe respiratory and cardiac failure in pediatric patients. However, its impact on the regulation of erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoiesis remains poorly understood. Factors such as improved oxygenation, inflammation, and hemodilution associated with ECMO treatment may influence EPO production and erythropoiesis. This study aimed to examine the effects of ECMO on EPO regulation and erythropoiesis in pediatric patients. This retrospective study serially quantified EPO serum levels, measured markers of erythropoiesis, and tabulated clinical outcomes of pediatric ECMO patients. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to identify associations between biomarkers and clinical care parameters. Preliminary findings suggest a disconnection between elevated EPO levels and reduced markers of erythropoiesis or iron metabolism, indicating ineffective erythropoiesis. Patients receiving more than 10mL/kg/day of RBC transfusions had higher reticulocyte counts. Non-survivors had sustained elevations of EPO serum levels but reduced erythropoietic activity. In ECMO-treated pediatric patients, ineffective erythropoiesis is a significant concern and may be associated with higher mortality rates. Understanding the mechanisms behind this pathology could better inform clinical approaches and optimize management strategies. Further research is imperative to uncover the factors resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis in these patients and to develop targeted interventions.

Investigating the Relationship between Knowledge Management and Patient Relationship Management and the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

Background: Individuals and their skills in learning and sharing knowledge are regarded as fundamental factors in the competitive success of organizations. Hence, this study aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and patient relationship management and the mediating role of knowledge sharing among the staff of Shahid Ayatollah Dastgheib Hospital in Shiraz. Methods: This study employs a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design. The statistical population included all the staff of Shahid Dastgheib Hospital in Shiraz in 2023, totaling 250 individuals. The sample size was determined to be 155 individuals using Morgan table and was selected through stratified random sampling as the final sample, based on quotas. 1-Knowledge Management Questionnaire and Dixon’s Standardized Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire . Data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient and univariate regression analysis using SPSS-25 software. Results: The findings indicated a significant relationship between the mean score of knowledge management and the mean score of patient relationship management (P = 0.001). Knowledge management can positively and significantly predict communication with the patient (P=0.001, β=0.276) and knowledge sharing can positively and significantly predict communication with the patient )P= 0/001, β = 0.255). Conclusion: It appears that enhancing knowledge management, knowledge sharing, and relationships among hospital staff are concepts closely linked to productivity, effectiveness, and performance of personnel and organizations.

A Survey of Awareness and Attitudes of Men Aged Over 40 Years about Andropause

Introduction: Andropause is a condition that affects men as they age, similar to menopause in women. Unfortunately, there is limited research on this topic in Iran, and many men are unfamiliar with this concept. To address this knowledge gap, a study was conducted to investigate the attitudes and awareness of andropause among men over the age of 40 in Ardakan City. Methods: This study was conducted on 281 men aged over 40 years from Ardakan city in 2019. The sampling method used was cluster sampling and data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed, using SPSS software version 18 and the statistical methods of variance, Pearson correlation, and regression were used. Results: Men have a low level of awareness about andropause, and their attitude towards it is negative. The study found that the mean score of participants’ awareness about andropause was significantly impacted by age groups (P <0.05), education level (P <0.05) and occupation (P <0.05). In terms of attitude towards andropause, the mean score was significantly impacted by age groups (P <0.05) and occupation (P <0.05), but not by education level (P >0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient shows that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the mean score of awareness and the score of attitude. Conclusion: The low awareness and negative attitudes towards andropause among men in Ardakan City emphasize the need for more education and awareness on this topic. Providing men with accurate information about the symptoms, causes, and management of andropause is crucial to help them make informed decisions regarding their health. By addressing the knowledge gap and promoting positive attitudes towards andropause, healthcare providers can enhance the overall well-being of men in this age group.

The mediating effect of digital literacy and self-regulation on the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic stress among university students: a cross-sectional study.

Academic stress is a prevalent issue affecting students' well-being and academic achievement in today's challenging educational environment. Furthermore, combining digital literacy and self-regulation enhances emotional intelligence, creating a holistic "digitally regulated emotional intelligence" strategy to reduce academic stress effectively. This study emphasizes the significance of developing these abilities in educational settings to prepare students for success in a complex and technology-driven world. To assess emotional intelligence and academic stress among healthcare students and investigate the mediating role of students' digital literacy and self-regulation. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine correlations and describe quantitative data. Data on two hundred forty students were collected from Fatima College of Health Sciences in the 2023-24 academic year. Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to assess the associations between variables, and univariate linear regression was employed to investigate the connections between emotional intelligence and pertinent variables. The Hayes Process Model 4 macro was used to study how students' digital literacy and self-regulation mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic stress. Emotional intelligence, digital literacy, and self-regulation were high. Furthermore, the academic stress level was moderate. The mediation analysis revealed that the direct effect of emotional intelligence on academic stress in the presence of the mediators was significant (t = 3.830, p < 0.001). Hence, digital literacy partially mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic stress. On the other hand, self-regulation had no mediation effect on the relationship above. The study noted significant connections between studyattributes, mainly showing the substantial relationship between emotional intelligence and academic stress. Higher emotional intelligence did not consistently reduce stress levels for moderately stressed students, suggesting that other factors may influence their stress levels. Furthermore, digital literacy mediated between emotional intelligence and academic stress, implying that proficient use of online resources could help reduce stress in students with advanced digital skills. Finally, self-regulation did not act as a mediator in the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic stress.

Patient-Reported Outcomes in RLBP1 Retinal Dystrophy: Longitudinal Assessment in a Prospective Natural History Study.

To evaluate the performance of two non-disease-specific patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25) and the Low Luminance Questionnaire (LLQ), in patients with retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 retinal dystrophy (RLBP1 RD). PROs were assessed using the VFQ-25 and LLQ. Rasch analysis was conducted to estimate person and item measures of the VFQ-25 and LLQ questionnaires to determine the association between the two PROs. In addition, the association between these two instruments and their correlations to weighted measures of visual function and disease progression were analyzed in this three-year PRO-focused sub-study of a five-year prospective natural history study. Forty-two patients participated, with most of them having completed at least two PRO follow-up visits at least one year apart. The mean VFQ-25 scores were lowest for distance activities (39.2-49.0) and peripheral vision (37.5-52.4), with mean LLQ subscale scores generally low (<41), except for the emotional distress subscale. Using Rasch analysis, calibrated item and person measures along with their standard errors were estimated for both ePROs. This indicated that the distribution of the VFQ-25 and LLQ item measures well covered the distribution of person function in this group. This suggests that the item difficulties well cover the person-level performance in this population. As well, the two PROs showed a strong and significant correlation at all assessed time points as assessed with Pearson correlation coefficient (0.81, 0.91, 0.81 and 0.87 at baseline, 1/1.5, 2/2.5 (P < 0.001) and 3/3.5 years (P = 0.002)). The composite scores of both PRO questionnaires strongly correlated with clinical measures of visual function. At 2 to 2.5 years of follow-up, meaningful statistically significant declines in peripheral vision (both VFQ-25 and LLQ), distance vision (VFQ-25), and extreme lighting in dark and bright light (LLQ) subscales were noted. This study demonstrated a strong association between VFQ-25 and LLQ scores and their association with clinical measures of visual function. PRO instruments can provide insights into the specific disabilities of this unique patient population and help to guide appropriate outcome measures for future clinical trials.

Exploring and comparing the relationship between maternal anxiety and children's anxiety during admission, hospitalization, and discharge in pediatric wards of Iranian hospitals.

Parental anxiety levels increase during their child's hospitalization. Consequently, anxiety can disrupt parental functioning as a caregiver and potentially transfer distress to the child. This study seeks to explore how maternal anxiety affects the anxiety levels of hospitalized children across three key stages: admission, in-hospital stay, and discharge. A cross-sectional study was conducted with hospitalized children aged 8 to 15 years their mothers. The sample size was determined based on the formula. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires and validated tools, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS). The STAI measures state and trait anxiety, while the SCAS assesses various domains of child anxiety. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and fractional polynomial modeling to assess anxiety trends. The study involved 179 participants, with mothers averaging 36.95 years old. Most participants were homemakers (82.7%) and had less than a high school education (62.6%). The average number of children per mother was 2.02, and only 2.8% utilized assisted reproductive technologies. Maternal anxiety levels were notably high, with mean state anxiety scores decreasing slightly from 45.74 at admission to 44.53 at discharge. Trait anxiety scores followed a similar trend, averaging 42.79 at admission and dropping to 41.60 at discharge. The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale scores were relatively stable, starting at 50.93 at admission and ending at 50.89 at discharge. Severe state anxiety affected 25.7% of participants, while 11.2% experienced severe trait anxiety. Importantly, significant positive correlations were identified between maternal anxiety and children's anxiety throughout the hospitalization period. This study reveals high levels of both maternal and pediatric anxiety throughout hospitalization. Mean scores for state and trait anxiety remained elevated at all stages, with significant correlations between maternal and child anxiety. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to address and manage anxiety in both mothers and children during hospital stays. Future research should focus on strategies to mitigate these anxieties and improve support for families.

Reproducibility and Treatment Effect on Office and Ambulatory Pressure Relation.

In the absence of outcome-based ambulatory blood pressure (BP) data hypertension guidelines provide 24-hour mean BP values corresponding to trial-validated office BP values. Data are shown for untreated and treated patients together, but whether corresponding ambulatory values are similar in untreated and treated hypertensives and reproducible at yearly measurements during treatment is undefined. In 2397 patients of the ELSA (European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis) and PHYLLIS (Plaque Hypertension Lipid-Lowering Italian Study) trials, we calculated the office and 24-hour BP relationship according to the linear regression model, with office systolic BP as the independent variable, at baseline and yearly during a 3-year treatment. Twenty-four hour BP values corresponding to clinically important office BP values (hypertension grades and treatment thresholds and targets) were calculated and compared with those provided by guidelines. Office/24-hour systolic BP or diastolic BP always exhibited a significant linear relationship, with, however, limited Pearson correlation coefficients (never >0.44).The slopes of the relationship were superimposable between different years of treatment but always significantly less steep than the slope seen in untreated individuals. Compared with the guideline-provided corresponding values, 24-hour BP showed qualitative and quantitative differences; for example, it was considerably lower and higher than the guideline-corresponding values when office BP was in the high hypertension and low treatment target ranges, respectively. In treated patients with hypertension the slope of the office/24-hour BP linear regression is reproducible over time. However, the slopes are steeper in untreated individuals, indicating that information on ambulatory BP values corresponding to office BP values can be more accurate if separately estimated in these 2 conditions.

Effect of climate change on the habitat suitability of the relict species Zelkova carpinifolia Spach using ensembled species distribution modelling.

Zelkova carpinifolia is a Tertiary relict tree distributed in Hyrcanian and Colchic forests. Most of its habitat has been destroyed in the last century. This study aimed to model potentially suitable habitat areas for Zelkova carpinifolia from the past to the future. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Future (2061-2080) models include 19 bioclimatic variables from the CCSM4 global circulation model Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess collinearity between variables and ten variables were selected for distribution modelling. Habitat suitability was estimated using the Biodiversity Modelling (BIOMOD) ensemble modelling method by combining the results of ten algorithm models using the R package "biomod2". The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and true skills statistics (TSS) were calculated to evaluate the performance of the models. The contributions of the environmental variables were calculated separately for each algorithm model. According to the results obtained, the most effective bioclimatic variable in the distribution of the species is temperature seasonality (Bio4). The modelling results revealed that Zelkova carpinifolia survived in suitable refuge areas in western Asia during the LGM. These distribution areas have remained largely unchanged and even expanded. The future model results predict that the suitable habitats of the species will narrow in the Hyrcanian forests south of Caspian Sea and that more suitable conditions will be found around the Caucasus. Given the increasing destruction of these valuable plant species due to human activities and the expected negative impacts of climate change in the future, it is important to develop policies and strategies for the protection of Zelkova carpinifolia's habitat, the creation of nature reserves, and sustainability.

Machine learning-driven estimation of mutational burden highlights DNAH5 as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.

Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) have emerged as pivotal predictive biomarkers in determining prognosis and response to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. While Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) stands as the gold standard for TMB assessment, carry substantial costs and demand considerable time commitments. Additionally, the heterogeneity among high-TMB patients remains poorly characterized. We employed eight advanced machine learning algorithms to develop gene-panel-based models for TMB estimation. To rigorously compare and validate these TMB estimation models, four external cohorts, involving 1,956 patients, were used. Furthermore, we computed the Pearson correlation coefficient between the estimated TMB and tumor neoantigen levels to elucidate their association. CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density was assessed via immunohistochemistry. The TMB estimation model based on the Lasso algorithm, incorporating 20 genes, exhibiting satisfactory performance across multiple independent cohorts (R2 ≥ 0.859). This 20-gene TMB model proved to be an independent prognostic indicator for the progression-free survival (PFS) of CRC patients (p = 0.001). DNAH5 mutations were associated with a more favorable prognosis in high-TMB CRC patients, and correlated strongly with tumor neoantigen levels and CD8+ TIL density. The 20-gene model offers a cost-efficient approach to precisely estimating TMB, providing prognosis in patients with CRC. Incorporating DNAH5 within this model further refines the categorization of patients with elevated TMB. Utilizing the 20-gene model facilitates the stratification of patients with CRC, enabling more precise treatment planning.

Radiographic predictors of lateral translation in patients with residual adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and thoracolumbar/lumbar curves: A focus on L3 lateral translation.

Patients with residual adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curves may present with progression after cessation of growth, with lateral translation as a major risk factor. Nonetheless, radiographic predictors and underlying mechanisms remain indefinite. This study aimed to determine these radiographic predictors and structural mechanisms in patients with residual AIS. Radiographic and clinical data were collected from 45 consecutive patients with preoperative residual AIS and TL/L Cobb angle >40° who subsequently underwent corrective surgery at our institution. Lateral translation was defined as intervertebral slippage ≥6 mm on computed tomography. Statistical analyses included Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Out of 45 patients, 3 were male, whereas 42 were female, with a mean age of 40.6±17.4 years. L3 slippage was observed in 21 patients, resulting in the categorization into the slippage and non-slippage cohorts. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant disparities in the bilateral facet angles, facet joint opening, and facet joint vacuum phenomenon between the two cohorts. The ROC analysis determined a 20.5° cut-off value for predicting L3 slippage. In the non-slippage cohort, a strong correlation was particularly observed between L3 slippage and L2-L3 bridging. Facet joint instability, L4 tilt ≥20.5°, and L3 cranial vertebral bridging are predictive radiographic factors for L3 lateral translation in patients with residual AIS. Thus, patients exhibiting these characteristics require consistent follow-up or early surgical intervention before lateral translation occurs.

Investigate the state of critical thinking and its impact on moral courage and moral sensitivity; evidence from nurses' perspective.

Critical thinking, moral courage, and moral sensitivity are among the topics that are widely considered today in response to turbulent and complex environments in organizations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of critical thinking and its effect on moral courage and moral sensitivity in nurses working in hospitals under Jiroft University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran in 2024. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 nurses. The data collection tools were standard questionnaires of critical thinking, moral courage and moral sensitivity. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression using SPSS23 software. The average scores of critical thinking, moral courage, and moral sensitivity of the studied nurses were 188.16 ± 8.22 out of 450, 62.32 ± 7.45 out of 105, and 71.55 ± 6.39 out of 100, respectively, indicating the weak level of critical thinking and the average level of moral courage and moral sensitivity of nurses. Between moral courage (p < 0.001, r = 0.574) and moral sensitivity (p < 0.001, r = 0.611) with critical thinking, a statistically significant correlation was observed in the direct direction. Based on the results of multiple linear regression, the components of critical thinking, which include truth-seeking, inquisitiveness, analyticity, systematicity, self-confidence, cognitive maturity, and open-mindedness, respectively, were identified as predictors of moral sensitivity and moral courage (P < 0.001). The critical thinking of the examined nurses was estimated at a weak level, and moral courage and moral sensitivity were estimated at a moderate level. Based on the results, there is a possibility that by improving critical thinking, the state of moral courage and moral sensitivity of nurses will improve. Therefore, it is suggested that the hospital managers provide an opportunity to improve the critical thinking status of nurses by holding related courses and workshops, so that by this means, we can witness the growth and improvement of their courage and moral sensitivity.

Measurement of disease-related knowledge of patients with axial spondyloarthritis-Development and application of the G-ASKQ7 questionnaire

Patient education is an integral component of the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). However, the validated tools currently available for assessing disease-related knowledge are outdated and, in the case of axSpA, only available in English. The aims of this work were therefore (1) to develop a German-language tool for assessing disease-specific knowledge among axSpA patients and (2) to assess this tool in a pilot study. Available axSpA-specific tools were assessed by a panel of experts and a draft of the current G‑ASKQ7 questionnaire was agreed upon. After evaluation of face validity and subsequent adaptation, consecutive adult axSpA patients of a university hospital (Universitätsklinikum Erlangen) outpatient rheumatology department were asked to complete the questionnaire. Correlation between the patients' overall scores and other collected parameters (age, sex, and disease duration) were investigated. Patients rated the developed G‑ASKQ7 questionnaire comprising seven questions as easy to understand and completed it within an average of 6.3 ± 2.0 min. The final questionnaire was completed by 65 axSpA patients (36 women; mean age 45.3 ± 12.4 years; mean disease duration 8.6 ± 7.3 years). The average G‑AKSQ7 score was 17.8/25, with significantly higher scores among women (19.0/25) than men (16.3/25; p ≤ 0.05). The question most often answered correctly (79.3 %) was question 7 concerning disease self-management, whereas question 4 on measurement of disease activity received the most incorrect answers (55.8 %). No significant correlation between disease duration (p = 0.57; Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.07) or age (p = 0.67; r = -0.05) and disease-specific knowledge was found. The G‑ASKQ7 represents the first German-language instrument for measuring disease-specific knowledge among axSpA patients. Routine application of this questionnaire would enable low-threshold assessment of an individual patient's knowledge requirements and thus provision of appropriate educational information. Continuous updates and further evaluation studies are required.

Exploring the interplay between body mass index and passive muscle properties in relation to grip strength and jump performance in female university students

Background Women typically have a higher body fat content than men. Fat accumulation is associated with muscle weakness and alterations in mechanical properties. This study aims to determine the relationship between BMI and weight status with the mechanical properties of muscle and tendon. It was hypothesized that the stiffness and tone of the forearm muscle and Achilles tendon would be correlated with weight status and BMI. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 136 female university students. Grip strength was assessed using a dynamometer, body composition was analyzed through bioimpedance, and countermovement jump performance was evaluated with a force platform. Stiffness and tone were measured using the MyotonPro device. ANOVA was used to compare grip strength and countermovement jump performance according to body composition. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine bivariate associations. Results Relative grip strength decreased with an increase in fat content, while forearm muscle stiffness and tone decreased with rising weight status and BMI. Stiffness of the Achilles tendon increased with an increase in fat content and showed a significant positive correlation with BMI. Multiple regression analysis revealed a weak correlation between BMI, body composition, and stiffness of the forearm muscles. Conclusion The results of this study support the notion that the stiffness of the forearm muscles and Achilles tendon is correlated with BMI in young adult women. Furthermore, an increase in body fat percentage is linked to a decrease in mechanical properties and poorer muscle function.

BS SO14 - Is there a correlation between preoperative HbA1c changes and long-term weight loss plus glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing metabolic surgery?

Abstract Background Optimization of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prior to metabolic surgery aims to achieve tight glycemic control by the time of surgery. Little is known about the influence of altering preoperative HbA1c on postoperative weight loss and glycemic control. The aim of this study was to determine whether a change in HbA1c during the preoperative period correlated with long term weight maintenance and HbA1c in patients undergoing metabolic surgery. The proportion of glucose-lowering medication used following surgery was also examined. Method Retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with T2DM who underwent metabolic surgery between 2013 – 2017. Preoperative HbA1c change was measured as change in glycemic control during the 1-year pre-surgery. Primary outcomes were % excess weight loss (EWL) and HbA1c at 5 years post-surgery. Secondary outcomes were % EWL and HbA1c at 1-year post-surgery and the use of glucose-lowering medications post-surgery. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the relationship between the pre-surgery HbA1c change and postoperative % EWL and HbA1c. Chi-squared test was used to calculate the statistical impact of change in medication use post-surgery Results Sixty-nine patients with complete data were included in the study. The mean change in HbA1c in the 1-year pre-surgery, the 1-year post-surgery and 5-years post-surgery was -0.9% (± 1.5), -0.7% (± 1.2) and 0% (± 1.8), respectively. The change in HbA1c in the 1-year pre-surgery did not correlate with % EWL at 1-year and 5-years post-surgery or with HbA1c at 1-year and 5-years post-surgery. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients requiring glucose-lowering medications at 1-year and 5 years post-surgery (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated a significant reduction in the proportion of glucose-lowering medication required long-term following metabolic surgery. Altering pre-operative glycemic control was not associated with long term weight maintenance or glycemic control.

Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease and subclinical hypothyroidism.

We sought to explore the risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease and subclinical hypothyroidism through logistic regression analysis. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 168 patients with coronary heart disease and subclinical hypothyroidism admitted to the Department of Cardiology of our hospital from February 2020 to November 2022. Patients were categorized into the control group, anxiety group, and depression group based on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores. All participants were informed about the protocol and provided signed informed consent upon inclusion. The study examined influencing factors for anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease and subclinical hypothyroidism. Collect patients' gender, age, presence or absence of chronic diseases (including Diabetes, hypertension and hyperthyroidism), sleep quality, dietary habits, psychosocial stress, living environment, social support, education level, and blood TSH levels. The linear relationship between anxiety, depression, and each influencing factor was quantified using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Blood level of TSH and free T4 were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Multiple logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors influencing anxiety and depression in these patients. Various factors were identified as significant influencers of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease and subclinical hypothyroidism. For anxiety, presence or absence of chronic diseases, sleep quality, dietary habits, psychosocial pressure, living environment, and blood TSH levels were found to be influential (P < 0.05). Similarly, for depression, presence or absence of chronic diseases, sleep quality, social support, quality of life, social support, education level, and blood TSH levels were identified as significant factors (P < 0.05). The study revealed positive correlations between presence or absence of chronic diseases, psychosocial stress, and TSH levels with anxiety symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease and subclinical hypothyroidism (P < 0.05). Conversely, sleep quality, dietary patterns, and living environment showed negative correlations with anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05).Gender and age had no correlation with anxiety levels (P > 0.05). Presence or absence of chronic diseases and TSH levels were positively correlated with depressive symptoms in patients with coronary heart diseaseand subclinical hypothyroidism (P < 0.05). On the other hand, sleep quality, social support, quality of life, and educational level were negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05). Gender and age had no correlation with depression (P > 0.05). Notably, TSH levels in both the anxiety and depression groups were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), with no significant difference in free T4 levels among the groups (P > 0.05). The combination of chronic illness types, living habits (sleep quality, dietary habits), psychosocial pressure, living environment, and TSH levels emerged as risk factors for anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease and subclinical hypothyroidism (P < 0.05). Similarly, the combination of chronic illness types, sleep quality, social support, quality of life, education level, and TSH levels were identified as risk factors for depression in these patients (P < 0.05). This logistic regression analysis underscores the significant impact of factors such as types of chronic illness, sleep quality, social support, living environment, education level, and TSH levels on anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease and subclinical hypothyroidism. These findings highlight the importance of considering these multiple risk factors collectively when devising treatment and management strategies to reduce the risk of mental health issues in this patient population.