Pearson Chi-square Research Articles

Préhypertension artérielle et hypertension artérielle : analyse comparative des facteurs sociodémographiques et comportementaux dans une population ivoirienne

IntroductionHypertension is one of the preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. The term "prehypertension", defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) between 120 and 139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP between 80 and 89 mmHg, was introduced in 2003 and concerns around 25% to 50% of adults worldwide. The objective of this work was to describe some sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with prehypertension compared to hypertension in a black population. MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted in the commune of Anyama, located about 10 km from the city of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected. Body mass index and abdominal obesity were defined. BP was measured and was categorized into two modalities: prehypertension and hypertension. Data were entered with Epi data® software and analyzed with R studio® software. The existence of associations was determined using Pearson's Chi-square test at the 0.05 significance level. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed. ResultsFive hundred and seven (507) people were recruited with a mean age of 35.9 ± 12.8 years, among whom 266 had prehypertension (52.5%) and 140 had hypertension (27.6%). Age, wealth index, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and abdominal obesity were associated with blood pressure. Prehypertension was very high in younger subjects compared to older subjects with a gradually decreasing odds ratio as individuals aged (p=0.001). The determinants of prehypertension compared to hypertension were age less than 44 years; absence of sedentary lifestyle; and absence of obesity. ConclusionSome sociodemographic and behavioral factors were favorable for prehypertension compared to hypertension.

Identifying perceptions and knowledge gaps among pre-clinical and clinical medical students regarding placebo therapy

Background: Misleading definitions and perceptions of placebo and placebo effect result in fewer realizations on the subject, hence reducing its perceived importance and applications. This study aims to assess undergraduate medical students' perceptions and knowledge gaps regarding placebo therapy across different stages of their education. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted for six months, from December 2022 to May 2023, among 350 pre-clinical students (1st and 2nd year MBBS) and 526 clinical students (3rd, 4th, and Final-year MBBS) to assess their perceptions regarding placebo and placebo effect through a validated questionnaire. SPSS was used for analyses, and Pearson's Chi-square was applied, keeping the statistically significant value of <0.05. Results: The study included 876 medical students, with 350 pre-clinical and 526 clinical participants. The mean age was 21.32 years (±1.606). A significant gender distribution was observed, with 45.5% males and 54.5% females. Clinical students demonstrated a greater acceptance of placebo use (68.3% vs. 62.3%, p=0.031) and were more likely to find placebo therapy ethical in psychological cases (70.3% vs. 60.3%, p=0.006). Knowledge assessment revealed that 65% had fair knowledge of placebo therapy, 31.8% had good knowledge, while only 3.2% were highly knowledgeable. Conclusion: The study revealed that many pre-clinical and clinical students held misconceptions about placebo therapy, believing it permissible and beneficial in treating organic disorders. This highlights a significant knowledge gap, emphasizing the need for improved education on placebo use and ethics.

Effectiveness of virtual reality glasses with integrated sign language in reducing dental anxiety during pulpotomy in children with hearing impairment: a randomized controlled trial.

Children with hearing impairment (HI) face communication challenges during dental procedures due to hearing loss. Studies suggest that distraction techniques, like virtual reality (VR), can effectively divert their focus from stressful stimuli, resulting in a more comfortable dental experience. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of distracting children with moderate to severe (HI) with virtual reality glasses that show cartoons in sign language during pulpotomy treatment compared to conventional management techniques. Forty children aged five to seven participated in a randomized controlled parallel two-arm clinical trial-the type of behavioral management employed determined which two groups children were randomly placed into. Group I (Study group) used virtual reality glasses as a diversion, while Group II (Control group) used the conventional behavior management approach. Local anesthesia was administrated, and a pulpotomy procedure was performed on the selected tooth, followed by stainless steel crown restoration (SSC). There were three methods used to assess dental anxiety before and after the procedure: the physiological method, which used heart rate (HR); the objective measure, which used the Venham Clinical Anxiety Scale (VCAS); and the subjective measure, which used the modified Facial Affective Scale (FAS). An independent t-test was employed for HR analysis of the difference between the groups as a continuous variable. The Pearson Chi-square test assessed differences between groups for categorical variables, such as (VCAS) (FAS). No significant differences were found in mean (HR) or (VCAS) between the two groups throughout the procedures: during local anesthesia (p = 0.659, 0.282), pulpotomy (p = 0.482, 0.451), and stainless steel crown preparation (p = 0.090, 0.284). Anxiety levels by (FAS) remained statistically comparable between the two groups before and after the procedures (p = 0.507, 0.749), respectively. The use of VR glasses revealed no significant advantages in managing children with HI during the dental visit compared to the conventional method of child behavior management. The trial was prospectively enrolled on 11/11/2023 under the identification number NCT06153823 on ClinicalTrials.gov.

The effects of psychological flexibility and night shifts on mental health and well-being in nurses.

Examining mental health among nurses in the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic could offer valuable information for addressing these symptoms in the long term. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the mental health and well-being of Chinese nurses, as well as investigate the impact of psychological flexibility and night shifts on this relationship. In cross-sectional, hospital-based, multicenter study, 422 Chinese nurses were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling. The mental health status, psychological flexibility, and wellbeing were assessed via 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Chinese version of Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index, and Chinese version of the 5-item WHO Well-Being Index, respectively. To examine the proposed theoretical model, we conducted structural equation modeling using SPSS Amos 26 version. The age, gender, night shift, psychological flexibility, mental health, and well-being data were entered into the model. Pearson correlation and chi-square were used to explore the correlation between variables. The high night shifts, being young and low psychological flexibility significantly had a direct effect on worse mental health (night shifts: ES, 95% CI: 0.619, 0.328-0.725; age: ES, 95% CI: 0.542, 0.226-0.993; psychological flexibility: ES, 95% CI: 0.675, 0.369-1.466). The low psychological flexibility and worse mental health were able to directly effect on worse wellbeing (psychological flexibility: ES, 95% CI: 0.419, 0.757-1.519; mental health: ES, 95% CI: 0.719, 1.109-2.607). In addition, psychological flexibility through the mediation of mental health also had an indirect effect on wellbeing (ES, 95% CI: 0.269, 0.957-2.165). Being young, having more night shifts and having less psychological flexibility can be related to the deterioration of mental health and well-being in nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses use the shift routine program with the least focus on the night shifts. Also, interventions to teach younger nurses how to face work stress and interventions to improve the psychological flexibility of all nurses are needed.

Laparoscopic access is the modern standard for extended liver resection

Objective. To evaluate the safety and early results of laparoscopic extended liver resection in case of focal liver pathology by retrospective comparison with the relevant parameters of a similar open intervention. Materials and methods. The study involved 162 patients who were divided into two groups: Group 1 – 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic extended liver resection, and Group 2 – 112 patients who underwent open extended liver resection. The groups were compared by age structure, sex, body mass index, type of pathology (benign/malignant), as well as by characteristics of surgical intervention and postoperative period. Statistical analysis included a t–test for independent samples, Pearson's chi–square test, and other appropriate methods with the calculation of the confidence level p (parametric criterion). The difference in indicators was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. Laparoscopic osshire for liver resection was longer (p = 0.0012), but was associated with a lower level of pain according to the visual analog scale (p = 0.02) and fewer bed days to discharge (p = 0.0007) than a similar open intervention. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age structure, body mass index, number of liver tumors, blood loss, complication rate, and degree of ischemic liver damage. Conclusions. Laparoscopic extended liver resection is a less invasive method than open liver resection, and patients recover faster after it, although its duration is longer. At the same time, laparoscopic and open intervention had a similar incidence of complications, which indicates acceptable safety and high clinical efficacy of the laparoscopic approach in the treatment of patients with liver disease.

Kangaroo Mother Care on Perfusion Index, Heart Rate, and Oxygen Saturation in Premature Infants Who were Discharged Early and Admitted to The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Control Tria.

To determine the effect of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on perfusion index, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in premature infants who were discharged early and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the following days. This study has a randomized controlled experimental design and uses a pretest-posttest control group model. This study included infants between December 2019 and December 2020 who were discharged early and subsequently admitted to the NICU. Experimental (n=38) and control (n=38) groups were assigned using the simple randomization technique at the NICU of a private university hospital in Istanbul, Türkiye. Heart rate, perfusion index, and oxygen saturation levels of the experimental group in which KMC was applied and the control group in which KMC was not applied were compared. Measurements of these parameters were made at 15-minute intervals for 45 minutes (0-1, 15, 30, 45 minutes). Data were collected via the Mother and Infant Introductory Information Form, Kangaroo Mother Care Preparation Checklist, Kangaroo Mother Care Physiological Parameter Monitoring Form, and Noninvaziv Pulse Co-Oximetry. Statistics of these data were performed with the independent sample t-test, Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's exact test. In the experimental and control groups, infants' gestational age (31.11 ± 3.25 and 31.61 ± 3.04, respectively; p = .491) and weight (1778.29 ± 436.93 and 1953.29 ± 345.74, respectively; p = .057) were similar, and the differences were statistically insignificant. Before KMC, there was no difference between the heart rate, oxygen saturation, and perfusion index values of the experimental and control groups (p > .05). From the first 15 minutes after the application of KMC to 45 minutes post-KMC, there was a significant decrease in (p=0.001) and stabilization of heart rate and oxygen saturation in the experimental group compared with the control group. The heart rates in the experimental group at 15th, 30th, and 45th minutes during KMC were lower than in the control group (147.63 ± 11.04; 142.47 ± 11.94; 136.82 ± 13.22 and 153.13 ± 8.73; 154.50 ± 7.27; 154.84 ± 7.05, respectively). Also, their oxygen saturation during KMC was higher than in the control group (96.68 ± 2.08; 97.24 ± 2.18; 97.87 ± 1.66 and 94.79 ± 1.27; 94.66 ± 1.45; 94.39 ± 1.38, respectively). This significant difference between KMC on heart rate and oxygen saturation in the experimental group compared to the control group continued for 45 minutes after KMC. The perfusion index was significantly higher at 30 minutes and 45 minutes during KMC. However, although it continued after KMC, this change in perfusion index was not statistically significant. Kangaroo mother care helps to regulate the heart rate, oxygen saturation, and perfusion index of premature infants who were discharged early and admitted to the NICU in the following days.

Relationship between malaria vector survival, infectivity, and insecticide-treated net use in western Kenya.

Significant effort and resources have been invested to control malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, but it remains a major public health problem. For the parasite to be transmitted, the female Anopheles vector must survive 10-14days following an infective bite to allow Plasmodium gametocytes to develop into infectious sporozoites. The goal of this study was to assess factors associated with wild-caught Anopheles survival and infection following host-seeking and indoor resting. The study was conducted between January 2020 to March 2022 in a longitudinal cohort of 75 households in 5 villages including a total of 755 household members in Bungoma County, Kenya. Monthly adult mosquito collection was conducted by attenuated aspiration in all enrolled households, and mosquitoes were reared for 7days. The daily mortality rate was determined through day 7. All mosquitoes were morphologically identified. Female Anopheles were dissected, and species-level members of the Anopheles gambiae complex were resolved by molecular methods. The abdomens of all samples were processed for Plasmodium falciparum oocyst detection by PCR. Within a 25-month period, the total numbers of non-Anopheles and Anopheles mosquitoes collected indoors were 12,843 and 712, respectively. Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus were the major vectors, though their distributions varied between different villages; 61.2% (n = 436/712) of the Anopheles mosquitoes survived up to day 7, with the lowest mortality rate recorded on day 5 of captivity. The survival rate also varied between the different Anopheles species. Six hundred eighty-three of 712 mosquito abdomens were tested for P. falciparum; 7.8% (53/683) tested positive for P. falciparum, with An. funestus having a higher (10%) prevalence than An. gambiae s.s. (6.0%, p = 0.095, Pearson Chi-square test). The proportion of household members sleeping under a bednet the night before mosquito collection varied across time and village. Anopheles funestus survival times were refractory to household ITN usage, and An. gambaie s.s. survival was reduced only under very high (100%) ITN usage. Despite ITN usage, mosquitoes still acquired blood meals and P. falciparum infections. Survival differed across species and was inversely correlated with high ITN usage in the household but not oocyst development.

The burden and trend of intestinal parasitosis among women at Berekum, Ghana: a 9-year retrospective study.

Intestinal parasitic infections(IPIs) are serious global public health issues, especially in low and middle-income countries. These parasites can cause high morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised individuals, and can easily be transmitted by consumption of contaminated food or water or by penetration of skin and mucous membranes. We retrospectively analyzed all archived data from stool examination reports at the Parasitology Unit of Precise Health Diagnostic Services, Berekum for the prevalence and trends of parasitic infections spanning a period of 9 years (2013-2021). The data was retrieved and exported to IBM SPSS v.26 for statistical analysis. Descriptive data was summarized as proportions and presented in tables and charts. Pearson Chi-Square test (χ2) or Fisher's exact test was used to test for a statistical association between demographic factors and intestinal parasitic infections. P value was significant at < 0.05. A total of 9,217 records of stool examinations were retrieved. Almost half (48.45%) of the data were from patients aged between 20 and 29 years. An overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of 21.20% was observed in this study. Patients aged 70 to 79 had the highest prevalence of the IPIs (44.44%). The parasites recovered in this study were intestinal flagellates, Entamoeba coli, Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis and Hymenolepis nana. The intestinal flagellates had the highest prevalence (98.31%) compared to the other intestinal parasites recovered. Intestinal parasitic infections had the highest prevalence in the year 2020 (28.56%) and lowest in 2018 (11.78%). An overall prevalence of 21.20% of intestinal parasitic infection was found. The majority of the parasites reported were intestinal flagellates (98.31%). The trend analysis revealed that the overall prevalence fluctuated across the entire period from 2013 to 2021.

Functional study of the brain based on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with insomnia disorders

BACKGROUND: Insomnia has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Despite the progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of insomnia, the possibilities of its objective diagnosis remain insufficiently studied. This study can contribute to understanding the neural mechanisms of insomnia, contribute to the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods, and personalize therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life of patients with insomnia disorders. AIM: to evaluate changes in the brain connectome in patients with psychophysiological and paradoxical insomnia by performing functional magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 31 patients were examined who applied for a somnologist appointment at the Federal State Budgetary Institution Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with diagnosed chronic insomnia. All patients underwent polysomnographic examination using Embla N 7000 (Natus, USA) and SOMNO HD (SOMNOmedics, Germany) for one night with an assessment of the main characteristics of sleep according to the rules of AASM 2.5. Also, all study participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain on tomographs with a magnetic field induction force of 3.0 Tl at two time points. Statistical analysis of MRI data was performed using MathLab 2023a, CONN v22.a packages. Descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov criterion were used for processing materials, depending on the characteristics of the data, the Mann–Whitney U-criterion and Pearson Chi-squared were used to analyze demographic data. DISCUSSION: The study demonstrates the possibilities of functional magnetic resonance imaging in obtaining data on the functional connections of the brain in insomnia. The detected changes in the activity of various brain regions indirectly or directly involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness are consistent with the most common pathogenetic models of insomnia, in particular with the theory of hyperactivation and the model of sleep reactivity to stress. CONCLUSION: The results of the study emphasize the relevance of studying functional changes in the brain in insomnia, opening up new opportunities for more accurate diagnosis and the development of personalized treatment methods.

Shape of the Sagittal Curvatures of the Spine in Young Female Volleyball Players

Background: The issue of the relation betweeen training loads on the shape of the spine of young players is of significant importance, as with the advancement of training seniority, unfavorable changes may be perpetuated resulting in possible consequences in the next stages of ontogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the formation of the sagittal curvatures of the spine in girls practicing volleyball versus their nonpractising peers. Methods: We examined 60 girls aged 10–13 years, including 30 volleyball players and 30 untrained peers. The Baseline Bubble inclinometer was applied as a research. The data were analyzed based on Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson Chi-square test. Results. There were statistically significant intergroup differences in lumbar lordosis curvature values (Z = −2.67; p = 0.007). The prevalence of correctness values of the thoracic kyphosis curvature, was group-dependent (χ2(1) = 4.34; p = 0.037). Group also determined the prevalence of lumbar lordosis normalities (χ2(1) = 5.41; p = 0.020). Conclusions. Volleyball has a beneficial effect on the formation of the thoracic kyphosis, while the lumbar lordosis is shallowed under the influence of training. This indicates the need for a holistic approach to player training and the need to supplement the technique and tactics training with exercises to strengthen the muscles that stabilize the lumbar spine, improve spinal mobility, learn how to control the anterior tilt of the pelvis and train the fascia.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Washout Period Prior to Angiotensin Receptor/Neprilysin Inhibitor Initiation in the Inpatient Setting.

The 2022 AHA-ACC HFSA Guideline for Management of Heart Failure recommend initiating an angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who can tolerate an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi). The manufacturer recommends initiating a 36-hour washout period when switching from ACEi to ARNI due to an increased risk of adverse effects, including angioedema. This study investigated the adherence to the washout period when transitioning from ACEi to ARNI at a community hospital. The primary objective was to assess the rate of adherence to the 36-hour washout when transitioning patients from ACEi to ARNI. Secondary outcomes included heart failure exacerbation readmission rates within 90 days and the rate of adverse effects (angioedema, hypotension, acute kidney injury, and hyperkalemia). This was a retrospective cohort study including patients with HFrEF who were transitioned from ACEi to ARNI during their hospital stay between March 1, 2016 and December 31, 2022. Patients were excluded if they did not receive an ACEi or ARNI during their admission or if they had an ejection fraction >40%. Pearson chi-square was used to analyze categorical data. Of 33 patients included in this study, 67% received the full 36-hour washout period when transitioning from ACEi to ARNI. There were no significant differences between the rates of hospital readmissions or adverse effects between the groups. No patients experienced hyperkalemia or angioedema. This is the first study to our knowledge to describe real-world prescribing practices when transitioning patients from ACEi to ARNI for the treatment of HFrEF. Larger, multicenter studies are needed to provide more data on prescribing practices outside this single center. Future research should also include pharmacist's role in adhering to the recommended washout.

Practice Pattern Variations in the Use of Neuromonitoring, Image Guidance, and Robotics for Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement Based on a Nationwide Neurosurgery Survey

Lumbar pedicle screw placement surgery involves various assistive technologies, including fluoroscopic, stereotactic, or robotic navigation and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). We aimed to discern neurosurgeons' preferences for screw placement techniques and IONM utility, while also considering the influence of experience. A survey was distributed to members of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons using REDCap software, collecting demographic data and querying preferred techniques for screw placement and IONM modalities. Opinions on IONM use during stereotactic or robotic navigation were also obtained. Responses were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square and analysis of variance tests via R software. Of 188 responses, 35.5% (n= 67) reported 1-10years of experience and 64.5% (n= 121) reported ≥ 11years. Less experienced neurosurgeons used stereotactic navigation more than those with greater experience (P < 0.001). Seasoned neurosurgeons used fluoroscopic guidance more often (P= 0.038). Less experienced neurosurgeons employed 1.69 (± 0.11) techniques for their fixation surgeries compared to 1.50 (± 0.0.8) for more experienced neurosurgeons. Robotic navigation utilization was low and comparable between the groups. Surgeons employing multiple techniques used triggered electromyography the most (62.1%, P= 0.024). No strong opinions emerged on the necessity of multimodality IONM with robotic or stereotactic navigation. This national survey shows that stereotactic navigation is the predominant technique for pedicle screw placement among less experienced neurosurgeons, with seasoned neurosurgeons leaning toward fluoroscopic guidance. Robotic guidance was the least used technique with no observed difference based on experience. Neurosurgeons employing multiple techniques use IONM the most, compared with surgeons who only use stereotactic navigation and/or robotic guidance.

Contraceptive Choice and Sexual Behaviors in Both-Sex Attracted Adolescents: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Study ObjectiveBisexual adolescents have higher rates of unintended pregnancy than their heterosexual peers and increased rates of high-risk sexual behaviors. They may be less likely to use effective contraception, though limited data is available. This study sought to compare contraceptive choice and sexual risk behaviors of both-sex attracted and opposite-sex attracted adolescents and young adults (AYA) presenting to a contraception clinic. MethodsA retrospective chart review of AYA aged 14-24 years who presented for an initial visit to a contraception clinic from 2014 to 2020. The primary outcome was contraceptive choice (long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), non-LARC, or nothing). Secondary outcomes included sexual behaviors. Results were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square and Wilcoxon tests. Results2369 AYA were included in this study. Both-sex attracted and opposite-sex attracted patients were similar in age, race, and ethnicity. There was no difference between groups in percent selecting LARC (71% vs 66.1%, p=0.11). Both-sex attracted patients reported a younger age at first sex (14.6 years vs 15.5 years, p < .001), more lifetime sexual partners (4.1 vs 2.8, p < .001), and a higher prevalence of forced intercourse (21.9% vs 8.8%, p < .001). ConclusionsBoth-sex attracted and opposite-sex attracted AYA patients chose LARCs at similar rates in a setting with standardized contraceptive counseling. Both-sex attracted patients had more sexual risk behaviors. Healthcare providers should be inclusive in their approach to obtaining sexual health histories and providing contraceptive counseling and be cognizant that adolescents with both-sex attraction may be at higher risk of forced intercourse.

A study of autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnant women and its effect on fetal and maternal outcome

ABSTRACT Introduction: Anti-thyroid antibodies not only cause thyroid dysfunction but have independent adverse outcomes in the fetus and mother during pregnancy and after birth. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis as a presentation of immune system deregulation may be associated with a generalized activation of the immune system at the fetus–maternal unit, the placenta. This interference could be associated with pregnancy morbidities in m o t h e r a n d fetus. This study was done to find out the frequency of autoimmune thyroid disease and its effect on maternal and fetal outcomes in a tertiary care facility in Jharkhand. Method: This is an Observational Prospective Study done during an 18-month period on 254 pregnant women in their second trimester who came to the antenatal clinic (ANC) clinic with singleton pregnancy at RIMS Ranchi. Result: 222 (87.4%) out of the 254 pregnant women had anti- TPO antibodies less than 35 IU/ml. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody positivity with values greater than 35 IU/ml was found in 32 patients (12.6%). Anti-TPO antibody mean value was 22.54 ± 19.67 IU/ml. Among the 222 individuals who tested negative for the anti-TPO antibody, 7 (3.3%) had miscarriages, 182 (88.3%) gave birth vaginally, and 33 (14.9%) underwent a cesarean section. Of the 32 individuals who tested positive for the anti-TPO antibody, 2 (6.3%) had miscarriages, 24 (75.0%) had vaginal deliveries, and 6 (18.8%) had cesarean sections. Using the Chi-square test, a P value of 0.549 was calculated, indicating statistical insignificance (Pearson Chi-square test value = 0.200a). Conclusion: Anti-TPO antibody positivity was significantly related to miscarriage and anemia. Other complications like preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia, and low birth weight were higher in anti-TPO antibody-positive patients as compared to anti-TPO antibody-negative patients. However, these findings were not statistically significant.

Evaluation of Permanent Nipple-Areola Complex Sensitivity Loss Following Reduction Mammoplasty.

Predictors for permanent nipple-areola complex (NAC) insensitivity after reduction mammoplasty are sparsely defined. We analyze factors associated with NAC insensitivity over a long-term follow-up. A retrospective analysis of reduction mammoplasties on 1598 breasts performed by four surgeons from March 2015-February 2023 was conducted. Data on patient demographics, intraoperative factors, and postoperative complications were collected from patient records. Analysis was conducted by breast, separated into breasts with NAC insensitivity (permanent and transient) and those without. Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test or Pearson's Chi-square test for categorical variables evaluated differences between the groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzed the association of pedicle choice with NAC insensitivity onset and permanence. Of 1598 breasts, 9.8% had loss of NAC sensation, of which 49.0% had permanent loss. 51.0% regained sensitivity, taking an average of 116 days (median 64, range 6-798) to regain sensation. NAC-insensitive breasts had a longer sternal notch-NAC (p<0.001) and NAC-IMF (p<0.001) measurements, greater weight removed (p<0.001), and fat necrosis co-complication (p=0.022). Greater weight removed (p=0.044) and longer sternal notch-NAC measurements (p=0.011) were associated with permanent insensitivity. The superomedial pedicle was associated with an increased rate of transient NAC insensitivity, while the inferior pedicle with a decreased rate. There was no significant association between pedicle choices and permanent insensitivity. Transient loss of NAC sensitivity is associated with pedicle choice, while breasts with permanent insensitivity were more likely to have longer breast measurements and a greater amount of tissue removed.

Level of burnout and associated factors among healthcare workers in central Uganda: A facility-based cross-sectional study.

Burnout among healthcare workers is a global concern with significant implications for both the well-being of the workforce and the quality of patient care. This facility-based cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors associated with burnout among healthcare workers in central Uganda. The study, conducted between June and July 2023, utilized a cross-sectional design involving physicians, nurses, and technicians. The study covered both public and private hospitals in central Uganda, incorporating urban and rural settings. A sample size of 550 healthcare workers was selected using a simple random sampling. Data collection involved a socio-demographic survey, the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL-5). Descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-square test, and ordinal regression models were employed to analyze demographic factors associated with burnout. Of 548 participants, 218(39.8%) experienced high burnout levels. Factors significantly associated with high burnout levels included having over 10 years of work experience (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.12-3.73), working more than 40 hours per week (AOR: 4.46, 95% CI: 1.20-16.62), lack of management support (AOR: 14.45, 95% CI: 3.83-54.56), not experiencing workplace violence (AOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.31-3.76), and reporting inadequate sleep (AOR: 6.96, 95% CI: 3.86-12.57). Addressing burnout among healthcare workers in central Uganda requires targeted interventions tailored to the specific challenges faced in the region, including workload distribution, managerial support enhancement, violence prevention strategies, and promotion of adequate sleep. Urgent attention to these factors is essential for enhancing the well-being of healthcare professionals and maintaining quality patient care.

Factors Related to Dental Ergonomics Practice Among Indonesian Dentists.

Dentists are at greater risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) which can be caused by repetitive movements, improper posture and long working hours. If ergonomic principles are applied in the field of dentistry, they help to prevent occupational ergonomic health hazards and provides more comfort to the dentist and patient. To obtain information regarding dental ergonomics practice of dentists in Indonesia and its related factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a purposive sampling method via Google Form to 231 dentists in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia from November to December 2022. The questionnaire consisted of 34 items divided into five sections; socio-demographic, job characteristics, knowledge of dental ergonomics, attitude towards dental ergonomics and the practice of dentists regarding dental ergonomics. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Pearson Chi-square Test. 76.2% dentists have poor dental ergonomics practice. There is a significant relationship (p-value < 0.05) between the practice of dental ergonomics and age group, years of practical experience and level of knowledge. Most Indonesian dentists (76.2%) still lack of dental ergonomics practice. Age, duration of work experience and ergonomic dental practice knowledge are significantly correlated.

Predictors of Food Insecurity and Food Assistance Program Usage Among Puerto Ricans Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Holyoke, Massachusetts.

Puerto Rican households often face elevated rates of food insecurity. Frequently, households experiencing food insecurity turn to federal and emergency nutrition assistance for urgent or prolonged aid. This study analyzes factors influencing food insecurity and food assistance program involvement among Puerto Ricans in Holyoke, Massachusetts, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a combination of community-based participatory recruitment, purposive sampling, and web-based tools, we collected 284 survey responses. Our paper employed Pearson's chi-square, logistic regression, and hierarchical linear models to assess relationships between demographic and household attributes and food access outcomes. Variables such as having children in the household and age significantly influenced food relief participation and food insecurity outcomes. Puerto Rican heritage and low educational attainment were strong predictors of obtaining federal food aid. Low-income participants disproportionately faced food shortages and depended on emergency food initiatives. Our findings indicate that demographic and household factors significantly influence food insecurity and accessibility. Our study demonstrates that the pandemic made it challenging for households to obtain consistent, safe, and affordable nourishment. The impacts were unequally spread; hence, Puerto Rican communities and low-income groups were most affected.

Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults in Latvia and Iceland During COVID-19

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health and wellbeing of older populations across Europe, exacerbating feelings of loneliness and social isolation, known risk factors for poor physical and mental health outcomes. This study aims to understand the extent and implications of these changes in Latvia and Iceland, providing essential insights for targeted public health interventions. Methods This comparative study utilized data from two key sources: the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for Latvia and the HL20 study for Iceland, focusing on individuals aged 67 and above. Both quantitative surveys were conducted during the pandemic, offering data on health status, loneliness, and social isolation. A novel approach was applied in analyzing older populations to standardize comparisons between the two distinct datasets. This methodological innovation is part of a bilateral EEA initiative FM2021/23 aimed at strengthening research collaboration between Latvia and Iceland. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson Chi-square test were used to compare outcomes between the two countries and within demographic subgroups. Results The study revealed stark differences between the two countries: 80% of Latvian older adults reported social isolation compared to 42.7% in Iceland. Similarly, 45% of Latvians experienced loneliness versus 30% of Icelanders. Significant associations were found between social isolation, loneliness, and deteriorating mental and physical health, with worse outcomes noted in socially isolated individuals. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate a clear link between social isolation and adverse health outcomes among the older adults, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study supports the need for proactive public health measures in Latvia and Iceland, including the development of community engagement programs and mental health support services tailored to the needs of older adults. Key messages • Study shows significant health impact of social isolation among older adults in Latvia and Iceland, highlighting urgent need for targeted public health interventions. • Effective public health strategies and innovative digital outreach can mitigate adverse effects of loneliness and isolation observed in older populations.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION AMONG ADULTS

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a condition characterized by a significant drop in blood pressure upon standing, potentially leading to dizziness and falls. Body Mass Index (BMI) has been identified as a potential risk factor for OH, yet the relationship remains underexplored, particularly in specific populations. Objective: This study investigates the association between BMI and the prevalence of OH among adults in Ndola City, Copperbelt Province, Zambia, while also examining the influence of gender on this relationship. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving adults aged 16 to 60 years, selected through simple random sampling from local health centers. Data on BMI, blood pressure measurements, and demographic information were collected. Chi-square tests were employed to assess associations between BMI and OH, as well as between gender and OH. Results: The analysis revealed a statistically significant association between BMI and the occurrence of OH (Pearson Chi-Square: 63.8815, p &amp;lt; 0.001). In contrast, no significant association was found between gender and OH (Pearson Chi-Square: 1.8646, p = 0.172). These findings suggest that variations in BMI are related to the prevalence of OH among adults in Ndola City, while gender differences appear to have minimal impact. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of monitoring BMI as a potential risk factor for orthostatic hypotension in adults. While gender does not significantly influence the occurrence of OH, further research is warranted to explore additional contributing factors and develop targeted interventions for the local population. These insights can inform public health strategies aimed at managing OH related to BMI.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;