Peaceful Event Research Articles

Administrative and legal regulation of the implementation of the right to peaceful assembly under the conditions of martial state

The article analyzes the problems of administrative and legal regulation of the exercise of the right to peaceful assembly in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law. It has been established that the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine define a single subject empowered to prohibit the right of citizens to peaceful assembly, whose role is played by courts of general jurisdiction. The expediency of canceling clause 8, part 1, article 8 of the Law of Ukraine “On the legal regime of martial law”, regarding the granting of powers to the military command and military administrations to ban peaceful meetings, rallies, marches and demonstrations, and other mass events, has been substantiated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the legislator has not yet adopted a special legislative act aimed at determining the procedure for organizing and holding peaceful meetings, rallies, marches and demonstrations, and other mass events. The direct influence of the absence of the specified special law on the quality of law enforcement practice of courts of general jurisdiction during the consideration of administrative cases under article 185-1 of the Code of administrative offenses has been proven. It is emphasized that there is no clear and legally regulated categorical apparatus, with the help of which it would be possible to distinguish the concepts of “peaceful gatherings”, “meetings”, “campaigns”, “demonstrations”, “other mass events. It is emphasized that the national legislation on the freedom of peaceful assembly needs to be revised in the part related to the regulation of urgent, spontaneous peaceful assemblies, as well as peaceful events that are held in the absence of the organizer. The need for a conceptual definition of the implementation mechanism of public events, which are held: a) spontaneously; b) without an organizer; c) urgently (without delay).

Color Lexical characteristics of Paolo Iashvili’s work

Language is a system. Therefore, it also has its own structure. The discovery of systemic signs in the vocabulary is facilitated by the semantic classification of the lexical fund and, consequently, the study of these separate groups. One of such lexical-semantic components is the vocabulary of colors. Thers and what symbolic blocks it unites in the poetry of the "Blues".The study of color vocabulary is related to the semantics of the word color itself. For example, the descriptive meaning of red is color, but in symbolic terms, red can be a symbol of war, joy or blood.Every writer appeals to characterize the objects with colours. Some writers’ language is rich with colour indicating vocabulary. In the paper the main attention is drown on sensation of color in Paolo Iashvili's creativity.  The aim of the article is colours’ structural-semantic analyze and to gain argumentive materials. Bluebirds prefer white, black, blue, red, yellow and synonymous units in this group. Contrasting white and black it is light and darkness that are the main philosophical colors of the world; The rest are transitional, intermediate colors.Color artistic analyze has an important part in Paulo Iashvili works. The dominant colors in his works are red and yellow as the indication of “evil” color. Using different colors poet describes comparatively peaceful events. He uses chromatic and achromatic colors.In terms of morphological  structure, it is confirmed as simple-stemmed (white, black, red, green, blue, yellow, gray), formed stem (reddish, bluish, whitish, yellowish…), hard-stemmed (black-white, white-pink, red-green…) Color names and two-component syntagms (light blue, dark blue).The nature and abundance of the use of the color phenomenon depends on the author.. The authors apply either color variation or colors are rarely realixed in their works. Different colors, depending on the context, evoke both positive and negative emotions.Although the content of the color symbols undergoes significant changes, from an interpretive point of view, the core of the color symbolism still remains unchanged. In poetry he deals with so many comprehensive issues his understanding is sometimes different.

Anesthesia with mask free sleep inducing balloon in pediatric patients; A tertiary care hospital experience

Introduction: Children are habitually frightened and become combative during the induction of anesthesia. It is challenging for pediatric anesthesiologists to minimize psychological upset by reducing scaring environment of operating room and to facilitate a smooth induction of anesthesia. Use of force to handle severely anxious and scared children may lead to postoperative behavioral problems.
 Purpose: There is an immense need to develop a simple device to ensure mask free and stress-less induction for children. Sleep Inducing Balloon is the mask-free and stress-less anesthesia delivery system designed for children which is not only fulfilling the criteria of ideal breathing system but also replaces anxiety with amusement and fear with fun!
 Methods: A study was conducted among 100 children between 6 months to 7 years of age, during the period of Apr 2018 to Dec 2018 to find out the induction time of Sleep Inducing Balloon who were scheduled for elective short surgical procedure under general anaesthesia having ASA grading I and II. While doing so, children receive constant gas mixture of 5L oxygen mixed with 5% sevoflurane till fall asleep.
 Results: A total 100 patients were included in this study to record induction time, heart rate and oxygen saturation to validate the function of Sleep Inducing Balloon. Mean age of the children was 3.50±1.04 years, mean weight was 10.7±3.24 Kgs and mean heart rate was 120±8.3/min. Most of the children had ASA grade-I (96%) and oxygen saturation was 99%. Induction time was 60-80 seconds in 26% patients, and 81-100 seconds in 45% of the children. In 24% children the induction time was 101-120 seconds, 5% children took more than two minutes for induction. There was no failure and adverse events were easy to manage.
 Conclusion: Mask free sleep inducing balloon is a safe and successful way of anesthetic induction in pediatric patients. The procedure ensures a stress-free peaceful event in frightened children.
 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(1): 19-23

POLITICAL PLURALISM: NOTION, CONCEPTUAL AND INTERPRETATIVE FORESHORTENING

In order to reveal the content of political pluralism, the article considers conceptual, conceptual and interpretative approaches to its definition in the context of constitutional relations with the foundations of the constitutional system, constitutional values, freedom of speech and expression. It is revealed that the absence of the term “political pluralism” in the constitutional text of Russia is made up for by its disclosure through the interpretation of the related principles of “ideological diversity”, “political diversity” and “multiparty”. It is this perspective of the study of political pluralism that helps to justify it as the basis of the constitutional system of Russia. It is noted that since freedom of speech and expression are associated primarily with political freedoms, they are most logically associated with political pluralism. It is proved that the latter implies the presence of citizens in society who have their own interests, adhere to different views on the development of the state and society and unite on this basis in groups, as well as finding a compromise between them based on common ideals and values when solving issues of national importance. The analysis of the motivational part of the decisions of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation served to reveal the content of political pluralism. The authors concluded that the structure of political pluralism consists of political diversity, freedom of speech, freedom of expression, and political compromise. As a generalization, the authors noted that the principle of political pluralism is revealed by this body through guarantees of political diversity and the possibility of finding a compromise of political interests at the level of the Parliament. In addition, it was stressed that the principle of political diversity in a democratic state is ensured through the functioning of such institutions of direct democracy as freedom of speech, free elections, freedom of peaceful public events, the right to Association and freedom of their activities, including political parties. It is concluded that the coordination of political interests should be provided by parliaments of various levels.

Crowd Analysis System for Images of CCTV Camera

It is important to monitor and analyze the crowd for peaceful event organization and minimum number of persons killed or injured in a stampede, war or accident in public or religious places. Ultimately, crowd management strategies should be adopted for crowd safety. Detecting the abnormal crowd behaviour is the interesting research area. Traditionally to monitor the crowd closed circuit television is used. Video analyses are used in many application areas. This work is a paper of traditional approach and is a study of different attributes of crowd which include crowd counting and estimation of density, detection of crowd motion. It also presents the study about behaviour understanding of crowd and crowd tracking. We have also presents crowd analysis using different deep learning methods. This paper showed results of crowd analysis using convolutional neural network and different recurrent neural network training model.

When dense crowds act like soft solids

Although mass gatherings of people are normally safe, sometimes their physical interactions prevail over social norms and peaceful events can become disasters.

Convolutional neural networks for crowd behaviour analysis: a survey

Interest in automatic crowd behaviour analysis has grown considerably in the last few years. Crowd behaviour analysis has become an integral part all over the world for ensuring peaceful event organizations and minimum casualties in the places of public and religious interests. Traditionally, the area of crowd analysis was computed using handcrafted features. However, the real-world images and videos consist of nonlinearity that must be used efficiently for gaining accuracies in the results. As in many other computer vision areas, deep learning-based methods have taken giant strides for obtaining state-of-the-art performance in crowd behaviour analysis. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of current convolution neural network (CNN)-based methods for crowd behaviour analysis. We have also surveyed popular software tools for CNN in the recent years. This survey presents detailed attributes of CNN with special emphasis on optimization methods that have been utilized in CNN-based methods. It also reviews fundamental and innovative methodologies, both conventional and latest methods of CNN, reported in the last few years. We introduce a taxonomy that summarizes important aspects of the CNN for approaching crowd behaviour analysis. Details of the proposed architectures, crowd analysis needs and their respective datasets are reviewed. In addition, we summarize and discuss the main works proposed so far with particular interest on CNNs on how they treat the temporal dimension of data, their highlighting features and opportunities and challenges for future research. To the best of our knowledge, this is a unique survey for crowd behaviour analysis using the CNN. We hope that this survey would become a reference in this ever-evolving field of research.

Mass gatherings health Series

In this issue we publish the first two in a Series of six articles on mass gatherings health. The remaining articles will be published online, before appearing in print in the February and March, 2012, issues of the journal. Emergence of medicine for mass gatherings: lessons from the HajjAlthough definitions of mass gatherings (MG) vary greatly, they consist of large numbers of people attending an event at a specific site for a finite time. Examples of MGs include World Youth Day, the summer and winter Olympics, rock concerts, and political rallies. Some of the largest MGs are spiritual in nature. Among all MGs, the public health issues, associated with the Hajj (an annual pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia) is clearly the best reported—probably because of its international or even intercontinental implications in terms of the spread of infectious disease. Full-Text PDF Global perspectives for prevention of infectious diseases associated with mass gatheringsWe assess risks of communicable diseases that are associated with mass gatherings (MGs), outline approaches to risk assessment and mitigation, and draw attention to some key challenges encountered by organisers and participants. Crowding and lack of sanitation at MGs can lead to the emergence of infectious diseases, and rapid population movement can spread them across the world. Many infections pose huge challenges to planners of MGs; however, these events also provide an opportunity to engage in public health action that will benefit host communities and the countries from which participants originate. Full-Text PDF Mass gatherings medicineBetween the eighth and 12th days of Dhu al-Hajjah, the 12th month of the Islamic calendar, Saudi Arabia welcomed 3 million people to Mecca for the annual Hajj pilgrimage. As Hajj ended in mid-November, the country had many reasons to be grateful. Risk of injury and death during the pilgrimage has fallen since 2007, with redesigned venues and modern crowd-control strategies. Medical treatment for injuries, infections, and various chronic diseases will have been provided to thousands. Despite intense crowding and the diversity of ethnic groups and nationalities in attendance, around 2 million visitors from more than 183 countries will return home, having participated in this singularly rigorous and peaceful event. Full-Text PDF

Deathbed Phenomena: Its Role in Peaceful Death and Terminal Restlessness

Dying patients and their caregivers frequently experience that which is known as deathbed phenomena, that is, visions of past deceased relatives or friends, religious figures, and a visionary language pertaining to travel. Collective research supports mounting evidence that deathbed visions typically yield peaceful deaths. Yet within the literature, numerous hospice patients experience the symptoms of terminal restlessness and frequently succumb to anguished deaths. Why are some patients and caregivers guided by peaceful deathbed phenomena and others are not? Does a relationship exist between the lack of deathbed phenomena and the onset of terminal restlessness in dying patients? This clinical paper intends to answer these questions and might elucidate the factors that contribute to a dying patient's death ending as either a peaceful event or the one affected by terminal restlessness. This knowledge gained could lessen the occurrence of anguished deaths and perhaps change our way of viewing dying.

Pursuing a Peaceful Death

On the face of it, one might be forgiven for thinking that death at the hands of modern technological medicine should be a far more benign, sensitive event than it was in earlier times. Do we not have a much greater biological knowledge, thus enabling more precise prognoses of death? Do we not have more powerful analgesics, thereby enhancing the capacity to control pain? Do we not possess more sophisticated machines, capable of better managing organs gone awry? Do we not have greater psychological knowledge, suitable to relieve the anxieties and suffering of an anticipated death? Do we not, adding all that up, have at hand exactly what we need to enhance the possibility of a peaceful death? The answer in each case is yes and no. Yes, we do have much more knowledge than we did prior to modern medicine. But no, that knowledge has not made death a more peaceful event, either in reality or in anticipation. The enhanced biological knowledge and technological skill have served to make our dying all the more problematic: harder to predict, more difficult to manage, the source of more moral dilemmas and nasty choices, and spiritually more productive of anguish, ambivalence, and uncertainty. In part this is because, with the advent of modern medicine, the earlier superstructure of meaning and ritual was dismantled, thus setting death adrift in a world of uncertain value and import. But also in part it is because modern medicine brought with it a stance toward death that is ambivalent about its necessity and inevitability. In response to that ambivalence, without knowing it, without using quite that language, we have come to feel only now the loss of what the late French historian Philippe Aries called a "tame" death.[1] By that he meant a death that was tolerable and familiar, affirmative of the bonds of community and social solidarity, expected with certainty and accepted without crippling fear. That kind of human ending, common to most people throughout history until recently, Aries contrasted with the "wild" death of technological medicine. The latter death--which began to occur in the nineteenth century--is marked by undue fear and uncertainty, by the presence of medical powers not quite within our mastery, by a course of decline that may leave us isolated and degraded. It is wild because it is alien from and outside of the cycle of life, because modern technologies make its course highly uncertain, and because it seems removed from a full, fitting presence in the life of the community. The technologies of that death, ever more clever in their ability to sustain failing organs, provide a set of tools that endlessly sustain our ambivalence and allow it to be played out in tortuous detail. Precisely because they have opened up new possibilities in the ancient struggle with our mortality, those technologies have made our understanding of that mortality all the more difficult. To confound us more, they have misled us into thinking we have a greater dominance over our mortality than was earlier the case. What can be done to gain a better way of thinking about medical technology and our human mortality? How can that technology be made to serve a peaceful death, not to be its enemy? What can be done to bring about a change? I want to try to make plausible a different way of thinking about the use of technology and then suggest some ways of implementing it. The change I propose can be put very simply, however strange and odd it may sound. We should begin backward. Death should be seen as the necessary and inevitable end point of medical care. Death as the End Point of Medical Care In considering its appropriate goals, medicine should, so to speak, simultaneously work backward as well as forward. Medicine now characteristically works forward only, looking to promote the good of life, both to lengthen life and improve its quality. Death is reluctantly admitted into the realm of medicine as the limit to achieving those ends, but that limit is itself uncertain at its boundary, not readily located. …

Nursing approaches to nonpharmacological pain control

A combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of pain control probably yield the most effective pain relief for the patient. The nurse may make a significant contribution to pain control by being able to offer a variety of nonpharmacological methods of pain relief that the patient may use in combination with the more traditional methods of analgesia or local anesthesia. Recent research supports some of the older methods of nonpharmacological pain control such as distraction, especially humor; relaxation using the patient's own memory of peaceful events; and cutaneous stimulation, especially use of cold. Cutaneous stimulation may even be effectively used at sites other than the site of pain. Specific examples of these techniques are presented.