Ukraine Peace Research Articles

Mindfulness Approach and the Redefined Analysis Model of Conflict the Case Study of the Ukraine Conflict

To address the gaps in previous studies, this paper explores the integration of mindfulness approaches in understanding and tackling the Ukraine conflict. While existing research has predominantly focused on traditional theoretical frameworks like constructivism, neoliberalism, and realism, the potential insights offered by a mindfulness approach remain largely unexplored. This study aims to elucidate how mindfulness principles such as compassion, empathy, and non-judgmental awareness can offer valuable perspectives and effective strategies for resolving conflict and fostering peace in Ukraine. By critically analysing the complexities and dynamics of the conflict, the paper transforms the traditional ABC triangle of conflict into an expanded ABCM diamond of conflict, incorporating a mindfulness approach. Through expert interviews and an analysis of secondary data sources, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of conflict resolution techniques and offers novel approaches to addressing contemporary geopolitical challenges such as the Ukraine conflict.

The Main Strategies of Education Development In The Context of The Ukraine's Peace Formula

The Main Strategies of Education Development In The Context of The Ukraine's Peace Formula

Exposure to violence and attitudes toward war and peace in Ukraine.

Exposure to violence and attitudes toward war and peace in Ukraine.

China’s Position on Ukraine Peace Plan

The Chinese twelve-point peace proposal regarding the Ukraine crisis has sparked significant global discourse and scrutiny regarding its potential efficacy in fostering peace in Ukraine and the region. This article seeks to analyze whether China's proposal reflects a latent pro-Russian inclination or a genuine endeavor for peace. In addition, the responses of the main stakeholders — Russia, Ukraine and the United States — to China's peace proposal on the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the resulting consequences are examined. Additionally, it explores the motivations propelling China's initiative and the ensuing implications

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IDEA OF SUSTAINABLE PEACE

In today's world, the idea of sustainable peace has become not only an aspiration, but also an important goal of every society. This concept is not limited to the absence of war or conflict, but also includes a state of harmony, mutual understanding and mutual respect between nations, groups and individuals. Achieving sustainable peace requires not only diplomatic agreements and international efforts, but also the active participation of citizens and the development of cultural structures designed to support peaceful coexistence. In today's geopolitical environment, characterized by conflicts and tensions at all levels, it is important to understand what concrete steps can help build sustainable peace. Institutional strategies for the development of cultural and socio-cultural activities can be one of the key components of these steps, as they aim to raise the socio-cultural level and promote mutual understanding and interaction between different groups. In particular, the development of cultural institutions that provide artistic and cultural value can help reduce social inequality and improve educational standards. Given the potential of culture to unite different social groups, the development of cultural institutions can serve as a mechanism to support social integration and mutual understanding. In addition, an important component of the institutional strategy is to support and develop creative industries, promote economic growth and create new opportunities for youth and innovation. This can play a key role in developing innovative and creative solutions to social problems, including issues of interethnic and interreligious interaction, understanding and tolerance. Another important aspect of institutional strategies is their role in creating a space for dialogue and exchange of ideas between different cultural and social groups. This can help develop shared values and lay the groundwork for joint initiatives in education, culture and the arts, thereby helping to build sustainable peace. Another key aspect of these strategies is their ability to influence the formation of public consciousness and values, which are crucial for maintaining peace and harmony. Institutional strategies for cultural development are reflected in cultural development plans and facilitate the creation of cultural products and activities that promote the exchange of experiences and mutual understanding between different cultural communities. An important component of the institutional strategy is to promote education and awareness of citizens on cultural tolerance, mutual understanding and respect for differences. This can create an enabling environment for the development of sustainable peace and promote understanding and acceptance of different cultural identities. In this context, institutional strategies for cultural development and socio-cultural activities are becoming key tools for implementing the concept of sustainable peace in Ukraine. They include a wide range of measures aimed at supporting and developing cultural institutions, creative industries, promoting cultural diversity and mutual understanding between different groups of society. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of institutional strategies for the development of cultural and socio-cultural activities is extremely important for understanding the processes taking place in society and developing effective measures to promote sustainable peace in Ukraine. Research work on this topic is relevant and important in the context of the complexity of the current political situation in Ukraine and around the world. Institutional strategies for the development of cultural and socio-cultural activities can be an important tool in supporting and promoting peace processes, but their effectiveness requires in-depth analysis and sound recommendations for further improvement.

VOLUNTEERING AS A VALUE IN THE EDUCATIONAL WORK OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE

The content structure of volunteering as a value regarding educational work at the institutions of higher medical education in Ukraine has been analysed in the article; the values that should be developed in future medical specialists corresponding to current challenges have been defined.
 It is found out that organizational centres of public support of Ukrainians in higher medical education are the university volunteer centres, which comprehensively help the teams of students – future doctors as well as military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the whole.
 According to the results of analysis of the educational work directions in the institutions of higher medical education, it is established that they prove the highest value of human life (the life of a warrior) for future doctors from different perspectives. In particular, it is confirmed by proactive attitude of student volunteers in donating blood for military personnel.
 Implementation of the value of patriotism in the educational activities of future doctors is substantiated. It is about involvement of senior students and interns into trainings on pre-hospital care.
 It is established that involvement of students into projects aimed at psychological support to civilians and military personnel, as well as financial aid and assistance in supporting mental health for internally displaced persons is a special direction of medical volunteering and education in wartime.
 It is proved that participation in volunteer movement by future doctors promotes development of their personal values: activity, diligence, initiative, desire to help, service, subordinating them to national, civil interests – for the sake of victory and peace in Ukraine.
 Thus, educational work in the institutions of higher medical education of Ukraine requires a systematic approach to development of the values of charity and social activity in the students both regarding the volunteer movement and besides it.

The short life of the Minsk agreements: why diplomacy failed?

Interview with Nikolay Y. Silaev, PhD (History), Director of the Laboratory for Intellectual Data Analysis, Institute for International Studies, MGIMO University, Moscow (Russia).The Minsk agreements were conceived as an opportunity for peace in Ukraine, but their failure only exacerbated the dynamics of the conflict. How did the negotiations between the parties of the conflict go? Why did diplomacy fail and is there a possibility of its revival? The interview with an expert of the political working group within the Minsk negotiations seeks answers to these questions.

Public finance in modern Ukraine: theoretical and practical aspect

Introduction. In this article we analyze the sphere of public finance in Ukraine. In the theoretical aspect, domestic financial science does not pay enough attention to issues related to the conflicting combination of economics and politics in public finance, the interplay of political and financial theories in this field, and the application of behavioral models of various public finance subjects in scientific research. At the same time, there is a need for clarification of the structure and nature of public finance. Objective. To define the essence and structure of public finance based on well-established theoretical postulates; to investigate main trends in its development, problems, and ways of improvement in modern Ukraine using statistical data. Results. Foreign and domestic scholars not only interpret the concept of "public finance" differently but also include various components in it. Public finance is defined as the total amount of society's always limited monetary resources at the disposal of the state authorities and local self-government. Its formation and use require accompanying institutional and organizational activities based on the scientific groundwork produced by public finance theory. Over the past five years public finance in Ukraine has been characterized by conflicting trends with the defining factors being the global Covid-19 pandemic and Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine. In 2022, the share of expenditures of the consolidated budget and the Pension Fund reached a record high of 65.8% of annual GDP. The deficit of the consolidated budget has reached a record level. In these conditions, the government is implementing a forced but well-balanced active debt policy. The existing solidarity-based pension system significantly burdens and adds problems to Ukraine's public finance. Conclusion. To solve a series of accumulated problems in the field of public finance, what is needed first and foremost is peace in Ukraine after its victory. During the post-war reconstruction process, further reforms and measures should be taken to improve the state of public finance and bring it closer to international standards of efficiency, effectiveness, social utility, and security.

Cordocentrism of Ivan Prokopenka`s and Grigory Skovorody`s pedagogical outlook

The study of the unified basis of the pedagogical worldview of Ivan Prokopenko and Grigory Skovoroda is relevant in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine and is due to the tragic events that the entire civilized world lives. The article is aimed at revealing the cordocentric basis of the pedagogical worldview of these educators and teachers. To achieve the goal, comparative historical and systemically structural methods were used to characterize the pedagogical worldview of each educator, to reveal the basic concept of publication. Methods specifically search – analysis, synthesis of generalization of historical facts – used to characterize cordocentrism through the prism of the pedagogical work of Grigory Skovorolda and pedagogical achievements of Ivan Prokopenko. The retrospective method was used to creatively interpret the results of the research.
 In the article, the results of the study are presented in accordance with synergistic, systemic, axiological approaches. The authors emphasized n6a because cordocentrism can be a synthesizing feature of the pedagogical worldview of these enlighteners. They formed pedagogical views on the basis of the idea of the naturalness of work, understanding of gratitude as the basis of worldview ethics and quality, unity of secular and religious ethics, life practice of cordial attitude to a person, mental attitude to the interlocutor, sincerity even in the most intimate senses and search for oneself, self-knowledge.
 The authors highlighted the significance of the phenomenon, Skovorodinovsky person, Skovorodinovsky intelligentst.
 In demand, in the opinion of the authors, are the practices of deep knowledge of themselves for the restoration and establishment of peace in Ukraine, the development of the best mentality traits for the continuous civilizational progress of Ukrainians, axiological understanding of the will, recognition of self-worth and psycho-emotional dependence on the native land, preservation of the memory of generations, diligence as signs of spiritual harmony and sensual residence of all things.
 These cordocentric imperatives combine the pedagogical worldviews of the great enlightener Grigory Skovoroda and the outstanding academician Ivan Prokopenko.
 These cordocentric imperatives combine the pedagogical worldviews of the great enlightener Grigory Skovoroda and the outstanding academician Ivan Prokopenko.

The Russia-Ukraine War: Addressing Possibilities and Challenges for Peacekeeping Mission

Among several roles and responsibilities of the multidimensional United Nations Peacekeeping missions of the twenty-first century, its utmost role since its inception is to serve as an effective tool for the prevention of wider internationalization of regional conflicts and conflict escalation. Moreover, the formation of a UN peace mission in response to the outbreak of conflict is the legitimate response of the United Nations Security Council to threats to global peace and security. Therefore, under the current political scenario of the ongoing Ukraine War in Europe, a peace mission to the region seems to be the most reasonable alternative and solution. More specifically, authorization of a Ukraine peace mission would result in an immediate end of hostilities, limiting the loss of life and property while opening pathways for reconciliation and peace-making, and therefore should be given serious thought and opportunity. However, the formation of such a mission faces significant challenges, particularly undermining the principles of UN peacekeeping. This essay explores the possibility and challenges of a UN peacekeeping mission to Ukraine. It briefly explores the lessons learned from peacekeeping during the US-Soviet rivalry of the cold war years, situating the current US-Russia rivalry amidst ‘détente peacekeeping’. In furtherance, it follows the bottlenecks, solutions, and importance of a Ukraine Peace mission.

THE ESTIMATION OF THE WAR IN DONBAS BY SCIENTISTS AND FORMER POLITICIANS ON THE PAGES OF THE NEWSPAPER THE NEW YORK TIMES (FEBRUARY 12, 2015 – APRIL 30, 2018)

The views of scientists and former high-ranking politicians on the war in Donbass in the period between February 12, 2015 and April 30, 2018 are analyzed in the article. On that basis the best ways to end the war are shown. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time in historiography, the opinions of scientists and ex-politicians on the war in eastern Ukraine in the period between February 12, 2015 and April 30, 2018 were studied on the basis of the newspaper The New York Times. The following conclusions were made. Firstly, some analysts predicted that Russia would not try to seize Ukraine, but would fight in the Donbas to keep the country destabilized and prevent it from getting closer to the EU and NATO. Other experts predicted that Russia might not stop at Ukraine and use the Russians from the Baltic states to create frozen conflicts there. Secondly, the use of different terms to denote the war in Donbas and the enemies of Ukrainian troops was ambiguous. They were called mostly “insurgents”, less often “separatists”, and occasionally “militants” and “terrorists”. The war itself was most often referred to as “uprising” or “conflict”, less often as “invasion” and in isolated cases – “war”. Thirdly, after approving the first and second Minsk agreements, almost all experts immediately doubted their viability. In Minsk-2 agreement, Donbas was recognized as an integral part of Ukraine, Vladimir Putin periodically resorted to military escalation here, and instead of a political settlement he sought a frozen conflict so that Ukraine would abandon its strategic European and Euro-Atlantic course. Russia has done everything to make Ukraine look like an internally unstable, failed state in the eyes of the world, in order to take advantage of its weakness in the future. Fourthly, in the debate whether the West should provide weapons to Ukraine, two camps crystallized. Some advised the West to properly arm Ukraine, which would prevent Russian aggression against other states. Others believed that arming Ukraine would not deplete Russia. On the contrary, it could lead to the catastrophic defeat of Ukraine and the humiliation of the West. Fifthly, Western sanctions against Russia have prompted it to relinquish its claims to Donbas and warned against an aggressive course toward other countries. At the same time, the establishment of lasting peace in Ukraine, thus ending the war in Donbas, was associated exclusively with diplomatic efforts such as searching for and approval of a compromise option of autonomy or expanded local self-government.

ЗАКОНОДАВЧІ ОСНОВИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

In the conditions of transformational changes in Ukraine, the issue of national security is one of the key ones. Military intervention in relation to our state, crisis processes in the economy, politics, finance, social sphere, opposition to political extremism, separatism, collaborationism, various forms and methods of crime in today's realities are acute, painful problems that require an immediate solution. The state is the defining institution of the political system of Ukraine, the main guarantor of the constitutional system and performs the functions of ensuring national security through legislative, executive and judicial authorities, the key place among which should belong to the parliament, which provides regulatory and legal support for national security in the state. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, within the functional powers defined by the Constitution of Ukraine, determines the principles of internal and foreign policy, the foundations of national security, forms the legislative framework in this area, approves decisions on the introduction of a state of emergency and martial law, mobilization, determination of the general structure, number, and functions of allies and participation in military-political alliances; professionalism of the personnel of the armed forces; the size of military expenditures, the state of military science and the nature of military doctrine. These factors are important objects of Ukraine's military policy. Because it is the effective functioning of the security and defense sector and defense in conditions of limited state resources and the consistent and constructive support of Ukraine by the international community that is the key to the successful provision of socio-political and socio-economic development and regional security, the restoration of peace in Ukraine. Without proper legislative support, the national security system of Ukraine will be formal and unable to protect the rights and freedoms of the Ukrainian people. The article uses a number of general scientific, legal, and philosophical methods and approaches. The worldview position of the authors is determined by the development of the modern complex state of our country, martial law, challenges, globalist military intervention of Russia, etc. All this requires characteristic approaches and methodological expansion of the problem on the basis of the civilizational approach, conceptual approaches of jurisprudence with the application of systemic methods. The theoretical and practical significance of the study includes a comprehensive analysis of the outlined issues of institutional support of the problem of national security in Ukraine at the legislative level.

Reakcje Stolicy Apostolskiej wobec wybuchu wojny na Ukrainie w 2014 roku

The article presents the results of research on the reaction of the Holy See to the outbreak of war in Ukraine in 2014. Numerous papal messages, letters, appeals, speeches and talks with representatives of diplomacy have been shown, which indicate active dialogue during the emerging conflict. The representatives of the Holy See initiated meetings in the international arena that dealt with the issue of peace in Ukraine. The publication also presents the dialogue and joint initiatives of religious communities in Ukraine, initiated by the Holy See. So is mutual teaching that unequivocally calls for a condemnation of violence and an end to hostilities in Ukraine. The implementation of the research process also shows the Holy See’s contemporary involvement in the current course of events and ensuring peace in Ukraine.

ANALYSIS OF CURRENT WEAPON SOLUTION SCENARIOS CONFLICTS: THEIR CONSEQUENCES FOR UKRAINE

The article analyzes the socio-political situation in the country, which requires the definition of priority mechanisms of state response to achieve results with the establishment of peace in Ukraine. The urgency of the study is determined by the need to resolve the problems of the armed conflict in the Donbass and the needs of the conciliatory positions of government and society, creating the preconditions for an effective negotiation process. The purpose of the study is to analyze possible scenarios in the east of Ukraine in modern conditions and to develop optimal mechanisms for resolving the conflict on legislative, economic, military, diplomatic, social and humanitarian grounds. At the same time, Ukraine’s national security system is constantly being transformed and updated in line with new threats and therefore requires constant analysis and study at both the scientific and state levels.

СИСТЕМНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ООН ЯК ІНДИКАТОРА ВПЛИВУ НА ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article substantiates the essence and main tasks of the functioning of the United Nations. A systematic analysis of the UN carried out in order to understand its role in ensuring peace in Ukraine. The life cycle of the UN system is constructed and described. The main stages of the peacekeeping and peacekeeping operation strategy described in detail. The constituent parts of the peacekeeping operation according to the S0-system model highlighted, in particular the subject and object of the operation, means of carrying out the operation. A model of the UN as a system with a number of interconnected elements built. The role of the UN in the process of European integration of Ukraine defined. Its characteristics are singled out, which under the conditions of effective work will be able to help overcome the war in Ukraine, as well as accelerate Ukraine’s entry into the European Union, in particular resistance to obstacles, manageability, self-organization. Signs indicating a depen- dence between UN actions and Ukraine’s accession to the EU identified. The dependence between UN actions and Ukraine’s accession to the EU can characterized by the features. The diplomatic level of the world community significantly depends on the opinion of the UN expressed by the Secretary General of the UN therefore it was the support of Ukraine by this organization that made it possible to ensure world support for Ukraine in the process of waging war. The effective and coordinated work of the UN as a peace support system in the world community will help Ukraine to overcome the enemy faster with lower costs of the infrastructure that will need to restore after the end of the war, which will inhibit the possibility of spending funds to achieve EU membership requirements. The international court, as an element of the second-level subsystem, will help Ukraine achieve justice in the field of ensuring human rights, which were repeatedly violated by the Russian army during the occupation of Ukrainian territories, ensuring human rights is one of the main indicators of Ukraine’s entry into the EU in the block of social demands. Auxiliary bodies of the UN, namely the third-level subsystem can become an activator of innovative development of Ukraine in the post-war period, in particular due to the development of technologies, science and technology, which plays an important role in ensuring the requirements of the EU regarding the development of the economy.

The Institution of Justices of the Peace Through the Lens of the Judicial Reform of 1864

In continuation of the judicial reform that has been taking place in Ukraine since 2014, the issue of introducing magistrates’ institutions stays relevant. Investigation of the history of the introduction and genesis of magistrates’ courts after the reform of 1864 in Ukrainian territory allow decisively saying “yes” to the institution of justices of the peace in Ukraine and improving the time-tested models of magistrate justice. The purpose of this study was to identify and generalise positive steps and conclusions from the mistakes of the past, including the need to unify the structure of magistrates’ courts, improve the mechanisms of their effective work and strengthen confidence in the judiciary to implement them in the modern legislative procedure. To fulfil this purpose, historical, historical-comparative, historical-system, comparative-legal research methods were used. The paper analysed the prerequisites, creation, and development of peace institutions on Ukrainian lands after the introduction of the reform of 1864. The structure of the newly formed world institutions and the category of cases under their jurisdiction were outlined. The features of the formation of the judicial corps of justices of the peace (features of appointment and dismissal, requirements for candidates, rights, duties, and responsibilities of justices of the peace) were clarified. Attention is focused on the impact that the world justice system experienced after the reform of 1864. The expected consequences of the work of peace institutions, positive results and real shortcomings of their activities were highlighted. The necessity of creating magistrates’ institutions in Ukraine is justified, since they will contribute to the further introduction of direct democracy, reduce the burden on courts of general jurisdiction, improve legal awareness of citizens and strengthen the effectiveness of judicial proceedings through the widespread introduction of the institution of reconciliation (mediation). It was noted that further legislative, administrative-organisational, and modern electronic support is needed for the issue of jurisdiction of the magistrates’ courts, selection, qualification, application of management methods, and a clear definition of the responsibility of judges. A partial solution to these issues was proposed. These results of this study can be used in the development of the Draft Law of Ukraine “On Magistrates’ Courts”.

Aggression and Responsibility Under International Law – A Case of the Aggression of the Russian Federation Against Ukraine

The aim of this article is to address the relationship between aggression, conceived both as an act of a state and as a crime, and responsibility for it under the law in the light of the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The Russian Federation as a state committed an act of aggression as the internationally wrongful act for which it is responsible under customary international law, while members of its authorities, headed by the president, perpetrated a crime of aggression, as defined in Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The author argues that as far as the act of the Russian aggression is concerned not only Ukraine but also other states may make Russia responsible for its act of aggression. As the Russian Federation seriously breached of obligations under peremptory norms of general international law any state may claim from Russia, first, cessation of the internationally wrongful acts, and assurance and guarantees of non-repetition and, second, performance of the obligation of reparation in the interest of Ukraine or of the beneficiaries of the obligation breached. Although international law has not traditionally recognized individuals as victims of the crime of aggression, one should have in mind that not only states but also individuals are victims of the aggression. This is why individuals as victims of the Russian aggression may, even should, participate in the future regimes of criminal responsibility and reparation in the context of prosecutions for this crime. But it will be depended on the determination and good will of the members of the international community and, obviously, on the indictment of suspects. The author claims that a full restoration of peace in Ukraine will not take place if Russia is not held responsible for its wrongful act of aggression and the perpetrators of crimes committed during this armed conflict, including the crime of aggression, are not brought to criminal responsibility.

ГЛОБАЛЬНА НООРЕВОЛЮЦІЯ У СФЕРІ ГУМАНІТАРНИХ НАУК У КОНТЕКСТІ ЗМІН УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

We set out to predict the future through the demands of daily life and the performance of professional duties in the time of war-2022. Overcoming the information noise from materials about the war, the COVID-2019 pandemic and the complex of threats to the existence of humanity, the main attention was paid to the activities of the scientific and educational complex, to its discoveries and breakthrough achievements. We have discovered many important facts and phenomena that collectively form a new vision of the future. The main purpose of the article is to warn about the harm from ignoring the ecologically ideal nootechnologies we have noticed and their nooscientific source. This has already slowed down progress in Homo's life and prevents the use of the achievements of noosciences (archaeometry, paleogenetics, nooanthropology, and others) in history and archeology. We provide evidence of the beginning of the mega-revolution in the field of humanitarian sciences and its constituent part — the deep historical and archaeological noorevolution of the 21st century. It consists in abandoning all mythologized ideas about the past and building a new description of the events of the Paleolithic and subsequent times based on accurate isotopic dating, genetic sequencing and other achievements of recent years. David Reich and other scientific leaders of the world point to the need to create a true picture of the evolution of Homo. Our work is aimed at analyzing the reasons for the appearance in the West in 2017-2020 of a stream of anti-Ukrainian articles about the so-called "yamnaya genocide". In fact, the disappearance of the genes of farmers discovered by D. Reich and other scientists was caused by the actions of the ancestors of modern Western Europeans, who relied on the aggressive archetype, not the "yamnayas". Today it is known as the "Atlantean Civilization". Its worldview flaws are visible in the actions of the leaders of the EU states and in the behavior of a large part of Europeans. We suggest disseminating facts about ancient events to inform the entire society about the ancient roots of enmity between the West and the East, which will accelerate the arrival of peace in Ukraine. Our higher school, in the modern search for a new model of the Ukrainian university, is obliged to become a world leader in innovation by taking into account the noorevolution in the field of humanities and other sciences.

Ґендерна політика у збройних силах: досвід НАТО для України

The occupation of the Crimean peninsula, conduction an anti-terrorist operation and the Joint Forces Operation in the East of Ukraine, the functioning of government authorities, institutions, enterprises and organizations in a special period have significantly affected to the distribution of social roles. For almost eight years of the bilateral conflict in Donbass women’s contribution in warfare hasn’t become the exception but the norm for society. Women are represented in all areas of direct contribution in warfare, providing the settle differences of the conflict and establishing peace in Ukraine, namely: political, volunteer and military. At the beginning of the conflict in East of Ukraine, a woman in the Armed Forces had no guarantees from the country and has no access to so-called “combat” positions and career opportunities. The aim of the article is to investigate the changes that have taken place in the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the direction of gender policy and the affect of the experience of the North Atlantic Alliance on this process. Gender issues are included in the process of restructuring the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Whereas the Ukraine’s direction towards European and Euro-Atlantic integration it’s clear that NATO has chosen as a model for implementing a gender approach. This is a boon to co-operate partnership Ukraine-NATO G00013 “Gender issues” in the Armed Forces of Ukraine – the impound of resources for the effective performance of assigned tasks in accordance with NATO standards. Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 “Women, Peace, Security” changes and additions to the legal framework to provide and guarantee gender equality. As well as control and adjustment the problems that exist in the Ukrainian army on the way to achieving real progress in gender issues. According to the activity in the past of eight years, Ukrainian legislation on gender issues in the field of security and defense has been significantly improved. The list of positions that servicewoman can hold has significantly expanded. Resolved the issue of equal opportunities for career advancement of men and women but also the responsibility for one’s own activity or inactivity. It were given the opportunity for servicewomen to perform contract military service as officers with the exception of positions where they have to work with explosives and diving. The legal framework for the implementation of the policy of equal rights and opportunities in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is constantly updated and supplemented, that proves immediacy of the problem of gender issue. An educational component is another area of implementation of strategy of the gender equality. Gender issues must be included in all curricula of all courses, according to NATO requirements. There are some problems with training servicewomen, in particular, they are shortly insufficiently in the courses of science, technology, engineering and mathematics at the university level, but now we have some steps to negotiation them. Thus, to dealing with a problem with education of girls in “male” specialties, the government input additional quotas. Girls received the right to be admitted into the military lyceums. The introduction of positions of gender advisers in the structural units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is an important element in the implementation of gender equality. Thus, NATO’s experience identifies key directions for reform and improvement of gender approach in Armed Forces of Ukaine.

WOMEN’S ROLE IN PEACEBUILDING: IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES IN UKRAINE

The article covers the participation of women in peacebuilding processes in a general theoretical context. The author focuses on the positive role of women in the peace process based on the results of UN studies, scientific papers, and statistics. The National Action Plan for the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 «Women, Peace, Security» for the period up to 2020 recognized as a fundamental document establishing the need for updating women's representation in building peace in Ukraine. The author outlines several basic models for the inclusion of women in peacebuilding processes. The research identifies the shortcomings of women's representation in peacebuilding issues and indicates priority areas for further development. Based on the analysis of the National Action Plan for the implementation of Resolution 1325, the author determines a list of the main problems and gaps. Particular attention is paid to the need to overcome discriminatory exclusion practices for women due to the negative consequences of such decisions. To achieve this goal, the author proposed to change the focus of the research on women's participation in peacebuilding processes and expand the list of issues in which women are involved. The contextual analysis of the documents has led to the anticipated conclusion that women are mainly involved in social issues and at the level of advisory councils. The intensive participation of public organizations in peacebuilding has a positive impact in the long run. In the results of the study, the author formulates several key conclusions regarding the realization of the National Action Plan for the implementation of the Resolution 1325, identifies problems and weaknesses. To increase the effectiveness of the next plan (up to 2025), the author suggests applying two general scientific approaches. The article identifies the need for continuing research on regional action plans to include women in peacebuilding to create an effective adaptive system of sustainable peace in Ukraine.