PE Bag Research Articles

A trigger non-contact antibacterial packaging based on modified basic magnesium hypochlorite (BMH) and application on preservation effect of fresh lotus seeds

An antibacterial package material based on Basic Magnesium Hypochlorite (BMH) modified by epoxy soybean oil and monoglyceride was invented using a twin-screw extrusion device through the upper blowing method, and then produced to antibacterial bags by the bag making machine. Comparing the relevant properties of antibacterial bags with ordinary PE bags, antibacterial bag reduced the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor transmission rates of the films by 43 %, 29 %, and 13 %, respectively than ordinary PE bag. The antibacterial agents distribute evenly in plastic film and the addition of them does not have significant effect on the melting point of the film. Applied two bags to the preservation of fresh lotus seeds, and stored the packed lotus seeds at 4 ℃. total bacterial count (TBC), chromatic values, moisture content, soluble solids content, starch content, hardness, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and peroxidase (POD) activity of lotus seeds in each stage of the storage period were evaluated. Compared with ordinary PE bags, antibacterial bag packaging can reduce the total number of bacteria and water loss of lotus seeds, delay browning and increasing in hardness value, reduce the degradation of soluble solids and accumulation of starch, prevent MDA producing, and affect the activity of PPO and POD, length the shelf time to about 25days. These results suggest that antimicrobial bag is an effective package to delay the postharvest senescence of fresh lotus seeds.

Effects of Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Treatment with Polyethylene Bag Storage on Decay Reduction and Enhanced Total Ascorbic Acid, Total Phenolic, and Antioxidant Activities in ‘Kamphaeng Saen 42’ Mulberry Fruit

Mulberry fruit has a short shelf life of only 1 - 2 days under room conditions, make it one of the most fragile and extremely perishable fruits. This study investigated the effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) combined with polyethylene bag (PE) on postharvest decay, total ascorbic acid, total phenolic, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activities in 'Kamphaeng Saen 42’ mulberry fruits. The study was conducted at Postharvest Quality and Storage System Laboratory, Division of AgriScience and Technology (Postharvest Technology), Faculty of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi in December 2019. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replicates and 2 treatments consisting of 1) untreated with MeJA (control) and 2) fruits treated with 10 mmol L-1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) combination with polyethylene bag (PE) and maintained at 10 ± 2 °C, 90 ± 2 % relative humidity (RH). The results showed that treating the mulberry fruits with 10 mmol L-1 MeJA before placing them in the PE bag was the most effective method to reduce fruit decay and also resulted in higher levels of total ascorbic acid, total phenols, and antioxidant activities than in the control at the end of storage (55.14 mg/100 g FW, 43.78 mg GAE /g FW and 28.91 mM TE /100 g FW), respectively. However, the treated fruits showed lower anthocyanin content than the control during the first 8 days of storage. These results suggest that the combination of MeJA with PE bag is beneficial in reducing fruit decay and increasing total ascorbic acid, total phenols, and antioxidant activities in 'Kamphaeng Saen 42’ mulberry fruits during storage at 10 ± 2 °C, 90 ± 2 % RH for 10 days.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Mulberry fruit is one of the most fragile and extremely perishable fruits resulting in its has short shelf life
 Exogenous MeJA combined with PE bag were applied to decay reduction and enhanced total ascorbic acid, total phenolic, and antioxidant activities in ‘Kamphaeng Saen 42’ mulberry fruit
 Mulberry fruits treated with 10 µmolL-1 MeJA combined with PE bag were the most effective in reducing fruit decay and increasing total ascorbic acid, total phenols, and antioxidant activities in 'Kamphaeng Saen 42’ mulberry fruits
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effects of storage in triple-layer hermetic bags on stored field pea grain quality and infestation by the pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Field pea is an important pulse crop that plays a key role in human and animal nutrition as well as for soil fertility in many cropping systems. In East Africa, the pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is one of the main biotic production constraints causing considerable loss both in the field and during storage. The storage loss level depends on the number of weevils remaining in the seed after harvest and on the storage facilities and practices of the farmers. To address the storage losses, we evaluated the effectiveness of hermetic triple-layer Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags, on stored grain quality and control of pea weevil infestation in Ethiopia. The PICS bag and two currently used farmers’ storage practices: polypropylene bag (PP) and polyethylene bag with Actellic dust (PE) were compared. Each bag was filled with 50 kg of field peas, and stored for 5 months. Fewer live adult pea weevils and lower percent grain damage was recorded in PICS and PE bags compared to PP bags along the storage period. Field pea grains stored in PICS bags and PE bag also retained higher germination capacity as compared to those stored in a PP bag. The proximate composition differed significantly between storage treatments during the trial. Grain stored in PICS bag and PE bag with Actellic dust showed higher grain moisture, crude protein, and crude fat content, but less total carbohydrate and ash content as compared with grain stored in PP bag. We concluded that PICS bags can be used by smallholder field pea growers to maintain grain quality postharvest, remove the need to use pesticides on their stored peas, and reduce pea weevil damage.

Pure Graphene Oxide Vertical p-n Junction with Remarkable Rectification Effect.

Graphene p-n junctions have important applications in the fields of optical interconnection and low–power integrated circuits. Most current research is based on the lateral p-n junction prepared by chemical doping and other methods. Here, we report a new type of pure graphene oxide (pGO) vertical p-n junctions which do not dope any other elements but only controls the oxygen content of GO. The I–V curve of the pGO vertical p–n junction demonstrates a remarkable rectification effect. In addition, the pGO vertical p–n junction shows stability of its rectification characteristic over long-term storage for six months when sealed and stored in a PE bag. Moreover, the pGO vertical p–n junctions have obvious photoelectric response and various rectification effects with different thicknesses and an oxygen content of GO, humidity, and temperature. Hall effect test results show that rGO is an n–type semiconductor; theoretical calculations and research show that GO is generally a p–type semiconductor with a bandgap, thereby forming a p–n junction. Our work provides a method for preparing undoped GO vertical p–n junctions with advantages such as simplicity, convenience, and large–scale industrial preparation. Our work demonstrates great potential for application in electronics and highly sensitive sensors.

Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) Control in Processing Tomatoes-Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies.

Parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family include species that cause heavy damage to crops in Mediterranean climate regions. Phelipanche aegyptiaca is the most common of the Orobanchaceae species in Israel inflicting heavy damage to a wide range of broadleaf crops, including processing tomatoes. P. aegyptiaca is extremely difficult to control due to its minute and vast number of seeds and its underground association with host plant roots. The highly efficient attachment of the parasite haustoria into the host phloem and xylem enables the diversion of water, assimilates and minerals from the host into the parasite. Drip irrigation is the most common method of irrigation in processing tomatoes in Israel, but the delivery of herbicides via drip irrigation systems (herbigation) has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of these studies was to test, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, the factors involved in the behavior of soil-herbigated imazapic, and the consequential influence of imazapic on P. aegyptiaca and tomato plants. Dose-response Petri dish studies showed that imazapic does not impede P. aegyptiaca seed germination and non-attached seedlings, even at the high rate of 5000 ppb. Imazapic applied to tomato roots inoculated with P. aegyptiaca seeds in a PE bag system revealed that the parasite is killed only after its attachment to the tomato roots, at concentrations as low as 2.5 ppb. Imazapic sorption curves and calculated Kd and Koc values indicated that the herbicide Kd is similar in all soils excluding a two-fold higher coefficient in the Gadash farm soil, while the Koc was similar in all soils except the Eden farm soil, in which it was more than twofold lower. In greenhouse studies, control of P. aegyptiaca was achieved at >2.5 ppb imazapic, but adequate control requires repeated applications due to the 7-day half-life (t1/2) of the herbicide in the soil. Tracking of imazapic in soil and tomato roots revealed that the herbicide accumulates in the tomato host plant roots, but its movement to newly formed roots is limited. The data obtained in the laboratory and greenhouse studies provide invaluable knowledge for devising field imazapic application strategies via drip irrigation systems for efficient and selective broomrape control.

Analysis of Pest Prevention Packaging Cases in Preparation for Consumer Complaints Caused by Global Warming in the Product Distribution Process : Focusing on Poly Bag Packaging for Hygiene Products in Company A

The present study was conducted to accomplish management efficiency by preparing preemptive measures for consumer dissatisfaction and overcome risks caused by Global Warming through studies of model cases in packaging. Through this study, we made it possible to find a way for companies to prepare for Global warming and consumer dissatisfaction. By contributing to eco-friendly packaging, we are trying to preemptively respond to recent major issues through packaging. Through this experiment, we tried to measure the degree of penetration of Plodia interpunctella H. larva into the insect repellent film produced by printing Ink containing a natural repellent. The control experiment was conducted with an untreated LDPE film to which no insect repellent was applied. The numbers decreased from 17 to 7 when the film was processed with repellent to show experimental results verifying effects of repellent by decrease in 10 (58.8% Decrease). Such results show that it is safe when the film is unfolded but in the case where the film is folded, the Plodia interpunctella H. punches through the film to lead to consumer dissatisfaction and it suggests that this can bring on risks to corporate management. Considering that most of the film is folded in the case of PE bag packaging, the direction which the corporations should take in terms of preparing for climate change countermeasures and consumer dissatisfaction has been clarified. Due to it receiving satisfactory results in safety rest results for printing film applied with pest repellent as well as the Quality analysis to test repellent contents of repellent film, it is certain that the importance of repellent method in packaging will increase in preparing for consumer dissatisfaction and actions against climate change henceforth.

Evaluation of the economic effectiveness in pepper production in drought conditions

The aim of the study is to select pepper genotypes with increased drought tolerance based on an economic assessment of productivity in conditions of water deficit. The experiments were conducted during 2018-2019 in glasshouse Venlo type in the MVCRI. Two variants of irrigation regime are applied: 100% irrigation norm and 50% irrigation norm according to the technology adopted for this production in eight pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes - lines № 1966, 1917, 1931, 1936, 1928, 1930, C41 and C45, which were cultivated as a substrate culture (PE bag 16 L) without heating. In assessing the economic indicators in greenhouse production of pepper in order to select drought-tolerant genotypes of pepper according to the summary indicator rate of return with the highest economic effect of drought achieved with reduced to 50% irrigation regime are distinguished lines № 1928, № 1966 and № 1931.

Different Doses of UV-B Treatments Increase Total Soluble Phenols and Anthocyanin Content of Eregli Black Carrot (Daucus carotaL. spp. sativusvar. atrorubensAlef.) During Storage

In the study, the effect of different doses of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation on the biochemical quality of Eregli Black Carrot (Daucus carota L. spp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) investigated, during storage. For this purpose, the carrot roots treated with 0 kJ/m² (control), 1.575 kJ/m² (15d), 3.15 kJ/m² (30d) and 6.30 kJ/m² (60d) doses of UV-B were placed into the 1 kg sized PE bag and then stored in a cold room at 4 ± 1oC temperature and 85-90% relative humidity for 5 months. In the present study, it is found that even if UV-B applications increased the amount of total soluble phenol content of carrots 1.16-1.53 fold during the first month of the experiment, later the amount of TSP decreased. During the storage period, the amount of TSP content changed between 23.72 and 51.11 mg KAE/100 mL. While the lowest amount of anthocyanin has obtained from the control application with 557.76 mg/kg FW, the highest value measured in UV-B 30d with 1636.96 mg/kg FW. As a result of the study, it has determined that UV-B radiation of 3.15 kJ / m² dose could be used to increase the anthocyanin content of carrots.

Exposure of coastal dune vegetation to plastic bag leachates: A neglected impact of plastic litter

The presence of plastic bags on coastal dunes worldwide is well documented. Plastic bags contain additives that during rainfall events can leach out from bags into sand dune and be absorbed by seeds and roots of plants. Dune plants play a fundamental role in dune system formation, yet the possible impact of bag leaching on their establishment and development has been neglected. We assessed in laboratory whether (i) not biodegradable bags (high-density polyethylene, PE) and new generation of compostable bags (Mater-bi®, MB) would influence via leaching water chemical/physical properties and (ii) leachates would affect germination and seedling growth using Thinopyrum junceum and Glaucium flavum as models. Leachates were obtained from different amounts of not-exposed and bags exposed to beach or marine conditions simulating various pollution degrees (none, low, intermediate and high pollution). All water variables were affected by leaching. The magnitude of these alterations depended on bag type and environmental exposure. Seeds of T. junceum treated with the high concentration of marine-exposed MB bag leachate germinated later than controls while those of G. flavum treated with the remaining leachates germinated earlier. For both species, leachates from the low concentration of PE and MB marine-exposed bags increased seed germinability. A short radicle was observed in T. junceum seedlings treated with not-exposed MB bag leachates. Glaucium flavum seedlings treated with beach- and marine-exposed PE bags and not-exposed MB bags leachates showed a greater below-aboveground length ratio and those grown with the low concentration of not-exposed PE bag leachate had a longer hypocotyl compared to controls. Leachates from the high concentration of PE and MB bag caused seedling anomalies in both species. These findings indicate that not biodegradable and compostable bags may interact with abiotic/biotic factors and affect via leaching germination phenology, seedling establishment and plant interactions with consequences on dune community structure.

Effect of packaging on postharvest quality of organic western kale

Organic leafy vegetables are an important source of nutrition and have little or no pesticide residues which has led to an increased demand by consumers. However, chlorophyll loss during storage and marketing is a major problem. This research's objective was to investigate the effect of packaging on extending shelf life of organic western kale. Organic western kale was purchased from a major supplier and transported to the laboratory by refrigerated truck. The kale was washed with tap water and packed in various types of bags: perforated PE bag, perforated zip bag and anti-fog bag. All treatments were held at 10°C for 10 days. The perforated zip bag and anti-fog bag significantly reduced weight loss compared to the perforated PE bag. Chlorophyll loss and the decline of hue angle was less in kale held in the anti-fog bag. The respiration rate, ethylene production, and vitamin C were not significantly different among the three treatments. This result indicated that the perforated zip bag or anti-fog bag can maintain the quality of organic kale for up to 8 days at 10°C.

Effect of chitosan concentration and dipping time in acid-chitosan coating solution on quality of “Tieu Da Bo” Long An fruits during cold storage

In order to find out the concentration and dipping time of acid-chitosan coating solution for treating “Tieu Da Bo” longan fruits to reduce browning and maintain good quality during storage, an investigationwas carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with two factors by dipping longan fruits in 0; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4% chitosan coating solution containing 0.3 N citric acid (pH 3.3) for 1, 3 and 5 minutes. The treated fruits in each treatment were then packaged in PE bag with 0.035mm thickness and stored at 5°C,80-95% RH for 26 days, and observations of fruit quality during storage were taken place. Results indicated that 0.2% chitosan solution containing 0.3 N citric acid (pH 3.3) for 3 minutes could retard skin color changes with the lowest browning grade and disease percentage, and high L* value compared to the others. Based on browning grade, the fruits treated with 0.2% chitosan (pH 3.3) were still acceptable after 26 days of storage, while other treatments on fruits were not acceptable. In addition, weight loss and internal quality did not change much during storage.

Investigation of wheat grits during storage

Abstract The change of the quality of wheat milling products was investigated in our work. We analysed different types of wheat grists that are used in household (BL-55, BL-196, BFF-55 and AD). The grists were stored in three type of packages (paper bag, transparent PE bag, and woven PP bag) and in two different places (bright/warm and dark/cool place) for 6 months. The titre and colour characteristics of samples were measured monthly. Colour measurements were performed with a Hunter MiniScan colour-measuring instrument. The CIELab colour system was used for colour characterization. The values of titre were analysed using ANOVA. The type of package did not have significant influence on the titre. In the case of the BL-55, BL-196, and BFF-55 type of ours, the storage conditions had a significant effect on titre: it was smaller for samples that were stored in the dark/cool place. The value of titre rose significantly during storage for all samples. To determine the change of colour, we calculated the ΔE*ab colour differences between colour coordinates measured at the beginning and during storage. The colour of the BL-55 and BL-196 our samples did not change perceptibly. The variation of colour of the BFF-55 and AD type of ours was imperceptible for samples stored in the dark/cool place. The changing of the colour was well perceptible in the case of samples stored in the bright/warm place using paper bag or PP bag.

Preparation of Polyethylene Wax from LDPE in the Solvent

Polyethylene wax is prepared from LDPE through orthogonal experiments. It is found that temperature, time and the ratio of solvent to the feed can affect the experiment. The optimal condition is 310°C, 5h and 1 : 1.5. The result of experiment under the optimal condition is better than that in the orthogonal experiments. The color of products is from white to yellow. Finally, PEW is obtained from pyrolyzing waste PE bag under the optimal condition and the best condition in the orthogonal experiments. It can be seen that the former result is better than the later. The average molecular weight of polyethylene wax ranges from 1970 g/mol to 2700 g/mol.

Characterization and storage stability of the extract of Thai mango (Mangifera indica Linn. Cultivar Chok-Anan) seed kernels.

Qualitative analysis of hydrolysable extract from mango (Mangifera indica Linn. cultivar Chok-Anan) seed kernel was performed by means of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RPHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS). The main phenolic compound was identified as methyl gallate by comparing their retention time, UV-vis absorption spectra and mass spectra with a reference standard. Quantification of phenolic compounds was performed by HPLC-DAD, which revealed that the extract contained total phenolics at a concentration of 194.1mg GAE/g dry weight of mango seed kernel (MSK), of which 85.7% was identified as methyl gallate. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the extract and the main compound were assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, by the ferric thiocyanate method and by an assay of metal chelating activity. Tyrosinase inhibition was also investigated. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic content of MSK extract stored in a plastic (polyethylene) PE bag decreased during storage at freezing (-20°C), refrigerated (7°C) and room (28-32°C) temperature for 182days. The loss of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content increased at higher storage temperatures for more than 182days.

COMBINED TREATMENTS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE AND POLYETHYLENE BAGS ON THE QUALITY AND DISEASE INCIDENCE IN GAMMA IRRADIATED LONGAN FRUIT 'DAW'

The major problems for exporting longan are pericarp browning, fungal infection and insect infestation. Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) fumigation has been reported to control diseases and prevent browning, while gamma irradiation has been used to control insect infestation in longan fruit. Because of the high cost of fuel, sea transportation is an alternative for exporting commodities, but takes more time to reach the destinations. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the responses of irradiated 'Daw' longan to simulated shipment by sea. Fruits were fumigated with SO 2 at the commercial concentration at the packinghouse in Chiangmai province and then transported to Bangkok within 24h. The fruit were packed in cardboard boxes with polyethylene bag (PE) liner and 2 or 3 sheets of the dual release sulfur dioxide (DRSD) pads and then stored at 2°C for 30 days. Fruit packed in cardboard boxes without plastic bags and DRSD pad served as the control. Sulfur residues in pericarp tissue gradually reduced as storage time increased, while no residues were detected in pulp. DRSD pads significantly reduced disease incidence. Pericarp browning, indicated by L values, was reduced in fruit that were stored in PE bag with 3 DRSD pads. PE bags significantly reduced the weight loss and maintained soluble solids content.

Effects of initial oxygen concentration and oxygen-barrier property of film on fat oxidation rate of packed cookies

Oxygen concentration in packs of cookies is one of the key factors that impacts on fat oxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of initial oxygen concentration (IOC) in packs and oxygen-barrier performance of packaging film on the fat oxidation rate of cookies. One batch of cookies was packed in high-barrier material PET/AL/ONY/PE bag with a condition of vacuum-packaging (IOC: 1.8%) and modified atmospheres (IOC: 3.5%, 10.3%, 20.9%, 65.5%), respectively; the other batch of cookies was packed with four films of different oxygen transmission rate with air filled in the packs. All samples were stored under the condition of dark, 40 °C and a relative humidity of 50% for more than 30 days, measuring the peroxide values (POV) of cookies during the storage. The results indicated that the fat oxidation rate increased with the increase in IOC in packs and oxygen transmission rate of the packaging films. High concentration of initial oxygen has a significant impact on the fat oxidation in packed cookies, which was not notable under low IOC and was effectively delayed under vacuum packaging. Besides, Logarithm of POV and store time under different IOC and packaging films had a relationship which successfully fitted by linear regression under the same temperature and relative humidity, and a linear correlation between the fat oxidation rate of the cookies and IOC was developed.

Study on the Effect of Butanol Vapours and other Alcohols on Fungi

The effect and the conditions for the use of several alcohols, mainly of butanol, isopropanol and ethanol, on several fungi and on writing materials and seals are checked. In addition to the information found in the technical literature experiments were undertaken in order to define the effect of vapours of the three alcohols at different temperatures and in different concentrations on fungi spores. As a main result, the use of highly concentrated butanol (89–95%) vapour in a hermetically sealed chamber is recommended. A sufficient effect was found after one day of this treatment. Seals should be protected from the vapour, for example, using a PE bag. The author emphasizes that the experiments were performed with samples of new paper (filter paper), i.e. that no conclusion on the effect of the treatment on paper containing impurities and on the spores deeper in a thick layer material, as for example, in an unopened book can be drawn from it.

Elemental analysis of Taiwanese areca nut and limes with INAA

The popular areca nuts were sampled and their stuffed white and red lime were collected simultaneously from four marketplaces in Taiwan in different growing seasons. Samples of areca nut were treated via homogenizer prior to freeze drying, about 100–150 mg each of the areca nut and lime were packed into PE bag. Samples were irradiated with neutron flux about 1012 n·cm−2·s−1. A total of 17, 18, and 13 elements was analyzed with INAA for white lime, red lime, and areca nut, respectively. The results indicated that Ca have the highest concentration in both limes. Most elements in collected samples have wide range of concentrations among different seasons and marketplaces. It is suggested that the elemental concentration of areca nut and limes exists in divergence originated from various farms in Taiwan. In addition, four elements of Ca, Fe, Mg, and Sc are probably overtaken by persons having chewing habit of areca nut and their effects on oral cancer are discussed.