PDMS-based Triboelectric Nanogenerator Research Articles

Development of flexible high-performance PDMS-based triboelectric nanogenerator using nanogratings

This article investigates the performance of a contact-mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) utilizing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with nano gratings as a dielectric in a metal-dielectric configuration. The evaluation encompasses the impact of gratings, tapping frequency, various load conditions, and contact area on the TENG performance. The fabrication involves spin-coating PDMS onto a master mold to create the device. Experimental measurements reveal a significant enhancement of 97% in open-circuit voltage by introducing gratings on PDMS. Furthermore, as the tapping frequency increases from 1 Hz to 3 Hz, there is a corresponding rise of 108% in output voltage. The influence of load resistance on TENG output performance demonstrates its ability to drive different loads efficiently. Moreover, enlarging the contact area of the device substantially increases the open-circuit voltage. A device with a 400 mm2 contact area can generate a voltage of 80 V at a low frequency of 3 Hz, indicating the importance of considering device size and contact area for specific applications. A practical circuit integrating a TENG with a full-wave bridge rectifier demonstrates energy harvesting capabilities by successfully illuminating a light-emitting diode (LED) and charging various capacitors. The fabricated devices exhibit better performance along with a cost-effective and easy fabrication process.

Enhancing PDMS-based triboelectric nanogenerator output by optimizing the microstructure and dielectric constant

Triboelectric nanogenerators possess the capability to convert low-frequency mechanical energy into electrical energy, thereby attracting significant attention due to their reliable performance, light weight nature, and simplistic structure.

Ferroelectric BaTiO3@ZnO core-shell heterojunction triboelectric nanogenerators for electrochemical degradation of MO

The self-powered electrocatalyst based on the triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) is an innovative idea, but the low output power density of TENG greatly hinders its vigorous development. Thus the improvement of output performance of TENG and the exploration of effective electrocatalytic degradation methods are still important task for the development of self-powered electrocatalyst. In the paper, the BaTiO3@ZnO (BTO@ZnO) core-shell heterogeneous nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by two steps of water bath and hydrothermal method, showing obvious ferroelectric properties and significantly improved dielectric properties compared with the pure ZnO and BaTiO3 nanostructures. Then, the prepared BTO@ZnO core-shell heterogeneous nanocomposites were embedded into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix as triboelectric layer to assemble TENG. The introduction of BTO@ZnO core-shell heterojunctions greatly increases dielectric constant of triboelectric layer through the space charge polarization, and further significantly improve the output performance. Meantime, the mass ratios of BTO@ZnO in the triboelectric layer were further optimized, as the mass ratio of BTO@ZnO is 10 %, both the open circuit voltage (VOC) and short circuit current (JSC) attain the maximum values, even the output power density also attains to the maximum, and 13 LEDs or even more are lit instantaneously under a gentle hand tap. Lastly, the typical pollutant MO were added into NaCl solution, and the BTO@ZnO/PDMS-based TENG were successfully used to power the electrocatalytic degradation of MO. The strong oxidants of the superoxide hydroxyl radicals OH* and hypochlorite ClO− are continuously formed in the NaCl solution including MO to efficiently degrade the MO molecules.

Improving the Performance of Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators by Introducing CdS Particles into the Polydimethylsiloxane Layer.

Energy harvesting and power generation technologies hold significant potential for meeting future energy demands and improving environmental sustainability. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which harnesses energy from the surrounding environment, has garnered significant attention as a promising and sustainable power source applicable in various fields. In this study, we present a technique to improve the triboelectric performance of a PDMS-based TENG by incorporating nanostructured cadmium sulfide (N-CdS). This study investigates the utilization of CdS nanomaterials in TENG production, where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. We conducted a comparative analysis of TENGs utilizing N-CdS/PDMS, commercial CdS/PDMS (C-CdS/PDMS), and pure PDMS substrates. The N-CdS/PDMS substrates demonstrated superior triboelectric performance compared to TENG devices based on pure PDMS and C-CdS/PDMS. The triboelectric open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc) of the N-CdS/PDMS-based TENG device were approximately 236 V and 17.4 µA, respectively, when operated at a 2 Hz frequency. These values were approximately 3 times and 2.5 times higher, respectively, compared to the pure PDMS-based TENGs. They were further studied in detail to understand the effect of different parameters such as contact-separation frequency and contact force on the TENGs' operation. The stability of the TENG devices was studied, and their potential to be integrated into self-powered smart textiles as power sources was demonstrated.

Highly porous and rough polydimethylsiloxane film-based triboelectric nanogenerators and its application for electrochemical cathodic protection

The development and utilization of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) are very important for realizing energy cleaning in electrochemical processes. However, limited electrical output performance plays a major stumbling block to this process. Herein, a porous and high-roughness PDMS (PR/PDMS) negative friction layer was obtained by doping PDMS with powdered chitosan and casting using a sacrificial anodic alumina template. A TENG was fabricated by the PR/PDMS with Al film (PR-TENG). The PR-TENG exhibited much better performance than the pure PDMS-based TENG, which was attributed to the porous properties of the PR/PDMS. Under the driving of external mechanical force at 5Hz, the PR-TENG showed a maximum output open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 77.1V and 33.9 mA/m2, respectively. To prove the concept, the electrochemical cathodic protection system with PR-TENG was constructed. Ultimately, the application prospects of the PR-TENG as a clean energy source for electrochemical processes were explored and evaluated.

Laser-driven formation of ZnSnO3/CNT heterostructure and its critical role in boosting performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as energy harvesters have been extensively investigated due to their ability to convert mechanical energy to electricity through the effective coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. Herein, we introduce polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based TENG prepared using ZnSnO3 (ZTO) nanostructure on surface-modified carbon nanotubes (SMCs), which shows high power density suitable to different types of practical applications in energy harvesting and self-power system. TENG with 0.3 wt% ZTO-SMC exhibits an output voltage of 665.63 V and a current density of 137.08 mA m−2, corresponding to improvements of 295% and 453%, respectively, with those of a pristine PDMS-based TENG. The peak power density of the TENG is 10.57 W m−2 at a load resistance of 7 MΩ. The formation mechanism of ZTO on the SMCs (ZTO-SMC) and its effect on the TENG performance are demonstrated using density functional theory calculations. It is demonstrated that the enhanced output performance of the PDMS-based TENG using the ZTO-SMC is attributed to the synergetic effect of the enhanced dielectric constant, press-induced polarization, and effective frictional area in the triboelectric layer. This work gives a scientific and technical understanding of not only the formation of heterostructure through interface nanoengineering but also the development of polymer-based TENGs with enhanced triboelectric performance for use in energy harvesting and self-powered systems.

Hydrochromic CsPbBr3-KBr Microcrystals for Flexible Anti-Counterfeiting and Wearable Self-Powered Biomechanical Monitoring

Metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) featured with excellent photoelectronic properties and low-temperature solution processability are emerging as desired candidates for next-generation wearable and portable electronics. However, irreversible emission properties quenching of MHPs in the presence of water has severely impeded their versatile applications. Here, we present a facile water–ethanol assisted co-precipitation strategy for cost-effective and eco-friendly fabrication of hydrochromic smart luminescent CsPbBr3-KBr microcrystals (CPB-K). Interestingly, the as-prepared CPB-K can achieve reversible transition between luminescent and non-luminescent state upon the water removal/exposure owing to the dissolution/recrystallization of luminescent CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with the help of KBr salts. The coating of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) effectively prevents the destruction of CPB-K and maintains its green emission upon moisture. Further, by leveraging the hydrochromic CPB-K and water-resistant CPB-K/PDMS characteristic synergistically realize multiple encryption effects of information, and the hidden information can be clearly identified upon moisture decryption. Because of electrical and dielectric properties of MHPs, a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) made from CPB-K/PDMS film as friction layer has been constructed with maximum open-circuit voltage of 43.4 V (loading CPB-K of 20 wt%), about 1.8 times that of the pristine PDMS-based TENG. Additionally, we demonstrate a self-powered wearable sensor based on CPB-K/PDMS TENG for real-time biomechanical monitoring with electrical signals. This work provides an eco-friendly fabrication approach for perovskite-based smart luminescent materials, which further opens up the possibility to expand their diverse applications in wearable electronics.

Highly stable metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH2 for high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators

The high porosity, controllable size, high surface area, and chemical versatility of a metal-organic framework (MOF) enable it a good material for a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), and some MOFs have been incorporated in the fabrication of TENGs. However, the understanding of effects of MOFs on the energy conversion of a TENG is still lacking, which inhibits the improvement of the performance of MOF-based TENGs. Here, UiO-66-NH2 MOFs were found to significantly increase the power of a TENG and the mechanism was carefully examined. The electron-withdrawing (EW) ability of Zr-based UiO-66-family MOFs was enhanced by designing the amino functionalized 1,4-terephthalic acid (1,4-BDC) as ligand. The chemically modified UiO-66-NH2 was found to increase the surface roughness and surface potential of a composite film with MOFs embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Thus the total charges due to the contact electrification increased significantly. The composite-based TENG was found to be very durable and its output voltage and current were 4 times and 60 times higher than that of a PDMS-based TENG. This work revealed an effective strategy to design MOFs with excellent EW abilities for high-performance TENGs.

Tuning the Dielectric Constant and Surface Engineering of a BaTiO3/Porous PDMS Composite Film for Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator Output Performance.

In this work, synergistic effects derived from surface engineering and dielectric property tuning were exploited to enhance the output performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on an inorganic/porous PDMS composite in a contact–separation mode. BaTiO3 (BT)/porous PDMS films with different BT weight ratios were fabricated and evaluated for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) application. Maximum output signals of ca. 2500 V, 150 μA, and a power density of 1.2 W m–2 are achieved from the TENG containing 7 wt % BT, which is the best compromise in terms of surface roughness, dielectric constant, and surface contact area as evidenced by SEM and AFM studies. These electrical signals are 2 times higher than those observed for the TENG without BT. The 7BT/porous PDMS-based TENG also shows high stability without a significant loss of output voltage for at least 24 000 cycles. With this optimized TENG, more than 350 LEDs are lit up and a wireless transmitter is operated within 9 s. This work not only shows the promoting effects from porous surfaces and an optimized dielectric constant but also offers a rapid and template/waste-free fabrication process for porous PDMS composite films toward large-scale production.

A Flexible and Wearable Textile Electrode-Based Single Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Harvesting abundant mechanical energy is considered as one of the promising technologies for the development of autonomous self-powered power units, active sensors, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices [1]. Among various energy harvesting technologies, the triboelectric harvesters based on contact electrification have recently attracted much attention because of their advantages such as high performance, lightweight, and simple design [2]. However, obtaining a high-output performance is still of major concern for many applications.In this work, we proposed flexible and wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) where a highly conductive carbon cloth (CC) textile was utilized as an electrode and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used as an encapsulating triboelectric material to construct a single electrode mode TENGs. Further, sandpaper-assisted microtextures were developed on the PDMS surface via a simple soft-imprint lithography technique, and it was employed as a tribo-negative friction layer of TENGs. Moreover, to enhance the output performance of PDMS-based TENGs titania nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded as a function of weight ratio.As prepared wearable single-electrode-mode TENG devices can efficiently convert the mechanical energy into electricity while making continuous contacts/separations with counter tribo-positive friction objects. Fig. 1 shows the charging profile of a 1 µF capacitor by single-electrode TENG. These devices exhibited robust characteristics even after long-term cyclic operations and also generated an electrical output by gently touching with the human hand and were effectively employed as a power source to directly light 130 LEDs. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the research grants AP08052143 “Development of wearable self-charging power unit” from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan and 240919FD3914 “Self-Charging Rechargeable Lithium-ion Battery” from Nazarbayev University.

Manipulating Electrical Properties of Silica-Based Materials via Atomic Oxygen Irradiation.

Regulated triboelectrification has attracted considerable research attention due to its potential applications in harvesting energy and importance in antistatic protection. Irradiation is an effective and stable modification method due to its adjustable and uniform irradiation parameters. Moreover, atomic oxygen (AO) irradiation is an important component in the low earth orbit, which is a considerable factor for promoting triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in the outer space. AO irradiation was utilized to manipulate the surface structure and chemical composition to regulate electrical properties. AO irradiation can increase electron-donating groups and enhance electrical positivity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films due to the transition from Si-C bonds to Si-O bonds. Therefore, different trends of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polystyrene (PS) were caused by their TENG composition with irradiated PDMS. Tribocharge cross-over polarity and charge generation were prevented completely in PS- and PDMS-based TENGs by adjusting the irradiation time to 4.1 h. Short-circuit current enhanced from 5 to 22 μA and the output voltage increased from 160 to 760 V when PDMS films in PTFE- and PDMS-based TENGs were subjected to AO irradiation for 6 h. This study demonstrated that AO irradiation can manipulate triboelectric properties of silica-based materials, which are potential components for harvesting energy and preventing electrostatic hazard in the outer space.

Carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane composite micropillar arrays using non-lithographic silicon nanowires as a template for performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerators

Carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane composite micropillar (CNT/PDMS MP) arrays were successfully fabricated using non-lithographic silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays as a template for performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). The CNT/PDMS MP arrays were obtained by pouring CNT/PDMS composites on the SiNW arrays and peeled off. Surface topology of CNT/PDMS composites directly depends on morphology of SiNW arrays, which can be varied by the etching time of the typical metal-assisted chemical etching process. The micropatterned CNT/PDMS composites was mostly depicted to the SiNW array template pattern when the morphologies of the SiNW were optimized with a length of approximately 10 mm. Next, the CNT/PDMS MP arrays were utilized as a triboelectric layer of TENGs, generating the maximum output voltage of 22.84 ± 0.85 V, enabling an approximately 18-fold improvement in an electrical output compared to the flat PDMS-based TENG. The performance enhancement of TENGs based on CNT/PDMS MP arrays are attributed to synergic effects of (1) an enhancement of electrostatic induction by CNT composites, increasing dielectric constant, and (2) an enhancement of electrification by surface texturing using non-lithographic pattern and CNT composites.

Enhanced Triboelectric Performance of Modified PDMS Nanocomposite Multilayered Nanogenerators.

Recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely utilized to address the energy demand of portable electronic devices by harvesting electrical energy from human activities or immediate surroundings. To increase the surface charge and surface area of negative TENGs, previous studies suggested several approaches such as micro-patterned arrays, porous structures, multilayer alignment, ion injections, ground systems and mixing of high dielectric constant materials. However, the preparation processes of these nanocomposite TENGs have been found to be complex and expensive. In this work, we report a simple, efficient and inexpensive modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) fillers and a Na2CO3 template. This GNP-PDMS was chemically bonded using 3-aminopropylethoxysilane (APTES) as a linker with an electrode multilayer made by layer-by-layer deposition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(4-styrene-sulfonic acid) (PSS)-stabilized GNP (denoted as [PVA/GNP-PSS]n). A 33 wt.% Na2CO3 and 0.5 wt.% of GNP into a PDMS-based TENG gives an open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density of up to ~270.2 V and ~0.44 μA/cm2, which are ~8.7 and ~3.5 times higher than those of the pristine PDMS, respectively. The higher output performance is due to (1) the improved surface charge density, 54.49 μC/m2, from oxygen functional moieties of GNP, (2) high surface roughness of the composite film, ~0.399 μm, which also increased the effective contact area, and (3) reduced charge leakage from chemical bonding of GNP-PDMS and [PVA/GNP-PSS]3 via APTES. The proposed TENG fabrication process could be useful for the development of other high-performance TENGs.

A high-performance transparent and flexible triboelectric nanogenerator based on hydrophobic composite films

The modern portable and wearable electronic devices have been put forward a claim on flexibility, transparency and lightweight. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted great attention as basic component of independent power source due to its outstanding characteristics. Here, a simple and efficient approach was demonstrated to modify poly-(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) in order to both improve the output electrical performance of TENG and optimize its hydrophobility as well. The 4 cm2 TENG consisting of PDMS-perfluorododecyl trichlorosilane (FDTS) friction layer and copper nanowires (Cu NWs)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) electrode, exhibits high output voltage and large transfer charge quantity of 125 V and 80 nC, where the corresponding electrical performances are larger with several times than that of pristine PDMS-based TENG. A voltage of 105.8V can be obtained even under the ambient condition with high humidity of ~60%. The improvements are attributed to the reaction between FDTS and PDMS, introducing fluorine element to absorb more electrons and increasing dielectric constant. Moreover, the fabricated TENG remains high visible transmittance (70.1%) and good flexibility as energy sources which can satisfy the demands of portable and wearable electronic devices.

Screen-printed soft triboelectric nanogenerator with porous PDMS and stretchable PEDOT:PSS electrode

The recent development on wearable and stretchable electronics calls for skin conformable power sources that are beyond current battery technologies. Among the many novel energy devices being explored, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) made from intrinsically stretchable materials has a great potential to meet the above requirement as being both soft and efficient. In this paper, we present a lithography-free and low-cost TENG device comprising a porous-structured PDMS layer and a stretchable PEDOT:PSS electrode. The porous PDMS structure is formed by using self-assembled polystyrene beads as the sacrificial template and it is highly ordered with great uniformity and high structural stability under compression force. Moreover, the porous PDMS TENG exhibits improved output voltage and current of 1.65 V and 0.54 nA compared to its counterpart with non-porous PDMS with 0.66 V and 0.34 nA. The effect of different loading force and frequency on the output response of the TENG device has also been studied. This work could shed light on diverse structural modification methods for improving the performance of PDMS-based TENG and the development of intrinsically stretchable TENG for wearable device applications.

Highly dispersed porous polydimethylsiloxane for boosting power-generating performance of triboelectric nanogenerators

One of the common approaches in improving the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is to increase triboelectric charge density by enlarging the surface area of triboelectric materials. Herein, highly porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) introduced by nanograss silicon mold is developed to improve the output performance of PDMS-based TENGs in contact-separation mode. With an area of 100 cm2, the power generating performance of porous PDMS-based TENG (S1) is greatly enhanced and the maximum voltage of 3200 V and current of 94 μA are obtained. It also delivers a maximum power density of 0.58 W m−2 at a load resistance of 10 MΩ, offering almost three times power improvement compared with the TENGs with micro-pillar (S2) and flat (S3) PDMS surfaces. The boosting power-generating performance is mainly attributed to an increase surface roughness and additional triboelectric charges induced on the surfaces of the inner pores. Additionally, the S1 TENG is successfully used as a power source to directly drive 400 series-connected light emitting diodes (LEDs) to high brightness. This developed TENG also provides enough energy for 10 μF capacitor to power a wireless transmitter within 10 s. This work presents a new porous patterned PDMS-based TENG, which not only can be readily fabricated but also considerably delivers the high output performance toward the realization of self-powered and sustainable electronic devices.

A multifunctional and highly flexible triboelectric nanogenerator based on MXene-enabled porous film integrated with laser-induced graphene electrode

The ambient dissipated energy such as the vast scale of mechanical energy in the agricultural system (e.g., leaf swing energy) and the writing motion existing extensively in our daily life are underutilized. Herein, to address these issues and overcome the limitations of conventional batteries, we fabricated a highly flexible and effective triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on MXene and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite (PDMS/MXene) film and laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrode. The introduction of conductive and electronegative MXene into PDMS to fabricate porous film, not only enhances the electrical conductivity but also increases the triboelectronegativity. As a result, the output performance is significantly improved, 7-fold greater than the pure flat PDMS-based TENG. The developed TENG with excellent performance, considerable adhesion, and outstanding flexibility was successfully applied for harvesting leaf swing energy and being used as a writing board to collect writing energy. Furthermore, we developed a MXene-based TENG array acting as a self-powered sensor for handwriting recognition. In this regard, MXene-enabled TENG possesses a great promising in harvesting mechanical energy from the agricultural field (e.g., leaf swing energy) and human activities (e.g., writing), moreover, it can further be applied in writing or tactile sensing for pad, robotics, and man-machine interaction field.

Flexible and Wearable PDMS-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Tactile Sensing.

Flexible electronics devices with tactile perception can sense the mechanical property data of the environment and the human body, and they present a huge potential in the human health system. In particular, the introduction of ultra-flexible and self-powered characteristics to tactile sensors can effectively reduce the problems caused by rigid batteries. Herein, we report a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), mainly consisting of an ultra-flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with micro-pyramid-structure and sputtered aluminum electrodes, which achieves highly conformal contact with skin and the self-powered detection of human body motions. The flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film was selected as spacer layer, which made the sensor work in the contact-separation mode and endowed the perfect coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. Moreover, the controllable and uniform micro-structure PDMS film was fabricated by using the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) manufacturing process, bringing a good sensitivity and high output performance to the device. The developed TENG can directly convert mechanical energy into electric energy and light up 110 green Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Furthermore, the TENG-based sensor displays good sensitivity (2.54 V/kPa), excellent linearity (R2 = 0.99522) and good stability (over 30,000 cycles). By virtue of the compact size, great electrical properties, and great mechanical properties, the developed sensor can be conformally attached to human skin to monitor joint movements, presenting a promising application in wearable tactile devices. We believe that the ultra-flexible and self-powered tactile TENG-based sensor could have tremendous application in wearable electrons.

Flexible PDMS-based triboelectric nanogenerator for instantaneous force sensing and human joint movement monitoring

Flexible wearable sensors with excellent electric response and self-powered capability have become an appealing hotspot for personal healthcare and human–machine interfaces. Here, based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a flexible self-powered tactile sensor composed of micro-frustum-arrays-structured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film/copper (Cu) electrodes, and poly(vinylidenefluoride–trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) nanofibers has been demonstrated. The TENG-based self-powered tactile sensor can generate electrical signals through the contact-separation process of two triboelectric layers under external mechanical stimuli. Due to the uniform and controllable micro-frustum-arrays structure fabricated by micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) process and the P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers fabricated by electrostatic spinning, the flexible PDMS-based sensor presents high sensitivity of 2.97 V kPa−1, stability of 40,000 cycles (no significant decay), response time of 60 ms at 1 Hz, low detection pressure of a water drop (~4 Pa, 35 mg) and good linearity of 0.99231 in low pressure region. Since the PDMS film presents ultra-flexibility and excellent-biocompatibility, the sensor can be comfortably attached on human body. Furthermore, the tactile sensor can recognize various types of human body movements by the corresponding electrical signals. Therefore, the as-prepared TENGs are potential on the prospects of gesture detection, health assessment, human-machine interfaces and so on.

Development of PDMS-based triboelectric nanogenerator focused on contact interface

Development of PDMS-based triboelectric nanogenerator focused on contact interface