PDF Reader Research Articles

PDF Reader Chatbot

Abstract: As digital content grows, quality data management and solutions are needed. This work presents a unique application (chatbot PDF reader) designed to improve users' interaction and experience with PDF documents. Through interactive communication, the chatbot allows users to use machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) to process PDF files. Users can ask questions, get details, extract specific files, and browse PDFs through simple queries. Chatbots use cognitive and text-based technologies to provide clear and relevant responses, improve accessibility, and understand information. The PDF reader chatbot app hopes to improve accessibility and productivity for users across multiple platforms by simplifying information retrieval, understanding, and navigation. This project is designed to create a new PDF reader chatbot that uses NLP and machine learning to improve user interaction with PDFs. Information. The goal is to improve the user experience by using commands to search for files, extract them, and annotate PDFs. Our goal is to make information more accessible, to be remembered and understood faster, and to make customers more productive.

Paper Plain : Making Medical Research Papers Approachable to Healthcare Consumers with Natural Language Processing

When seeking information not covered in patient-friendly documents, healthcare consumers may turn to the research literature. Reading medical papers, however, can be a challenging experience. To improve access to medical papers, we explore four features enabled by natural language processing: definitions of unfamiliar terms, in-situ plain language section summaries, a collection of key questions that guides readers to answering passages, and plain language summaries of those passages. We embody these features into a prototype system, Paper Plain . We evaluate Paper Plain , finding that participants who used the prototype system had an easier time reading research papers without a loss in paper comprehension compared to those who used a typical PDF reader. Altogether, the study results suggest that guiding readers to relevant passages and providing plain language summaries alongside the original paper content can make reading medical papers easier and give readers more confidence to approach these papers.

On PDF/A Conformance and Font Usage in PDF Documents Provided by Public Sector Organizations

The use of appropriate fonts and file formats for long-term maintenance of digital assets is a challenge for organizations in the public sector. The article reports from a study which investigated the PDF/A conformance and font usage in PDF files provided by Swedish public sector organizations (PSOs). This article presents an analysis of the PDF files' properties and font usage including a categorization of fonts' licenses. This study is motivated by the PDF/A-1 standard's requirement that ‘only fonts that are legally embeddable in a file for unlimited, universal rendering shall be used.' Analyzing PDF sets from three PSOs, the finding shows that the proportion of files that claim or succeed at conforming to PDF/A greatly varies among the sets despite similar backgrounds. Although the most popular way to make use of fonts is by embedding a subset of the font data, for some fonts expected to be ‘always available,' a considerable proportion of PDF files does not include any font data. This puts the onus of locating this data on the PDF reader which is problematic for long-term archival.

Enhancing Reading Comprehension By Using Aldiko Book Through Paraphrase Method

This research was use a quantitative and qualitative study, the research applied mixed method in the form of nonequivalent control group design because of there was possibility for the research to randomize the groups as the sample of This research. The reseacher devided the research object into two groups, experimental group who was given treatment, and the control group without treatment. This division was intended to test the hypotesis to know the condition after treatment. The pre-test will administratered students prior knowledge and the post-test will given to find out provement of the students reading comprehension using Aldiko book through paraphrase method. After giving the treatment, the researcher stated that the students in experimental group which were given treatment by using Aldiko Book as a media and paraphrase as method was effective in teaching reading than the students in control group by PDF Reader. The showed by the Mean score and standard Deviation of Students’ in Post-test score which is experimental with 20 sample had a mean score 65.25 and 11.64 higher then the control group 58.00 and 8.013. It means that there was a significance different between the experiental and control group

The Subdominant Tritone in Film and Television Music

Tritones sounding over subdominant harmony, either as suspensions, accented passing tones, or incomplete neighbors, constitute a class of sonorities regularly heard in film and television music. I collectively refer to these phenomena as “subdominant tritones” (SdTT), and theorize a link between the SdTT and emotions it engenders. The article presents close visual/musical analysis of selected SdTT-tinged passages in feature films that animate various heightened emotional states, including longing, nostalgia, relief, and melancholy. [Please note: This article contains embedded video files. These files cannot be played on all PDF readers. Current Musicology recommends Foxit PDF Reader, Adobe Acrobat, or any other PDF reader capable of reading "enriched" media.]

Beethoven Returns to Bonn: Origins, Belonging and Misuse in Mauricio Kagel’s Ludwig van (1969)

In 1969 West Germany, the country was abuzz with anticipation of the approaching Beethoven bicentennial. That year the composer and experimental filmmaker Mauricio Raúl Kagel, born in Argentina to Russian- and German-Jewish parents in 1931 and living in Cologne since 1957, was commissioned by the State to commemorate the momentous occasion. What resulted was a film that surely no West German official had anticipated. Entitled Ludwig van: A Report and strongly inflected by Kagel’s absurdist aesthetic, Kagel’s film critiques the fetish object that Beethoven’s music and person had become in twentieth-century West Germany, touching upon, amongst many topics, East German claims of Beethoven’s “misuse” by the West German government, as well as the rise in the 1960s of the theory that Beethoven was Black. While Ludwig van has been recognized for its sendup of bourgeois music culture, it has yet to be analyzed from the perspective of diasporic experience. Simultaneously a love letter to and deconstruction of Beethoven’s cultural legacy, Ludwig van asks its audience to consider the complex diasporic experiences of avant-garde artists in the wake of WWII. Drawing on work by Brigid Cohen, I argue for the centrality of the theme of migration and displacement in Ludwig van. And in reading two central scenes from the film, I consider, in dialogue with Scott Burnham, what light the fifty-one-year-old film’s critique of the fetishization of origins and genealogy might shed on the celebration of Beethoven’s 250th birthday in 2020, and such acts of memorization more generally. [Please note: This article contains embedded video files. These files cannot be played on all PDF readers. Current Musicology recommends Foxit PDF Reader, Adobe Acrobat, or any other PDF reader capable of reading "enriched" media.]

Interactional Metadiscourse Markers. A Survey Study on Iranian M.A. TEFL Theses

The present study examined the differences in the use, type, and frequency of interactional metadiscourse markers in theses written by M.A. TEFL graduates including 10 males and 10 females from Malayer University. The selected corpus was analyzed using Hyland’s in 2005 interactional model of metadiscourse. The data were explored through a manual corpus analysis method using Adobe PDF reader software. Moreover, a Chi-Square statistical measure was run to examine whether there were any significant differences in the use of metadiscourse markers in different thesis chapters and across different genders. The results revealed that although there were some subtle differences in the frequency and types of these metadiscourse markers, there was no statistically significant difference between two genders in the use of interactional metadiscourse markers. Besides, it was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the chapters of theses and the use of metadiscourse markers. The findings of this study render some pedagogical implications for writing courses at M.A. and PhD levels in the realms of TEFL and ESP. Keywords: Metadiscourse, Interactional markers, Applied Linguistics, M.A. thesis, Gender

Comparative Evaluation of Nemoceph and Foxit PDF Reader for Steiner\'s Cephalometric Analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the values of Steiner's cephalometric analysis using Nemoceph and Foxit PDF Reader. No significant difference between the two methods will result in that Foxit PDF Reader can be used as a cost-effective alternative. This study was conducted on 100 digital lateral cephalograms taken from the same machine. The samples were collected by nonprobability convenience sampling procedures. These images were analyzed for Steiner's cephalometric analysis using two software packages. The skeletal and dental values showed no statistically significant difference in the majority, except for the L1-NA (linear) and L1-NB (linear). Results showed that there is a high agreement between the two methods. This article provides a simple and cost-effective method of onscreen cephalometric analysis. This technique uses the inbuilt measurement tools in the tool bar of our daily use software. The method can be used independently anywhere without any internet connection and software subscription.

Vulnerable GPU Memory Management: Towards Recovering Raw Data from GPU

Abstract According to previous reports, information could be leaked from GPU memory; however, the security implications of such a threat were mostly over-looked, because only limited information could be indirectly extracted through side-channel attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for recovering raw data directly from the GPU memory residues of many popular applications such as Google Chrome and Adobe PDF reader. Our algorithm enables harvesting highly sensitive information including credit card numbers and email contents from GPU memory residues. Evaluation results also indicate that nearly all GPU-accelerated applications are vulnerable to such attacks, and adversaries can launch attacks without requiring any special privileges both on traditional multi-user operating systems, and emerging cloud computing scenarios.

Abstract 5283: Shangri-Docs: a browser based tool for document exploration and automatic knowledge extraction from unstructured biomedical text

Abstract Biomedical information is available to research and development scientists as unstructured text in the form of scientific manuscripts and reports published in the literature and elsewhere. Scientists focused on specific research programs are burdened with surveying vast numbers of publications and reports to acquire information relevant to their efforts. Employing technology as a research aid provides a mechanism to cope with information overload that characterizes the R&D environment. Text mining can extract knowledge from large corpora of biomedical text and make it available to support scientific research and knowledge collections [1, 2] and intelligent PDF reader tools able to search content and find related articles [3] are available; however, such reader tools are typically desktop applications limited to specific platforms and data sources so they cannot easily support broad based integrated scientific search needs for a dispersed R&D organization with a wide variety of content needs. Our team has developed a web-browser based document reader with a built-in exploration tool and automatic concept extraction from biomedical text content. This provides R&D scientists with a simple tool to aid finding, reading, and exploring documents relevant to focused research objectives. The tool, Shangri-Docs, combines a document reader with automatic concept extraction and highlighting of relevant terms based on carefully selected ontologies combined with our custom corporate enterprise taxonomy. Shangri-Docs provides the ability to evaluate a wide variety of document formats (e.g. PDF, Word, PPT, text, etc.) and exploits the linked nature of the Web and personal content by performing searches on content from public sites (e.g. Wikipedia, PubMed) and privately cataloged databases simultaneously. Shangri-Docs incorporates Apache cTAKES (clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System) [4] and Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) to automatically identify and highlight terms and concepts, such as specific pathology, disease, drug, and biological terms mentioned in the text. cTAKES was originally designed specifically to extract information from clinical medical records. We have extended cTAKES automatic knowledge extraction process to include the R&D biomedical research domain by improving the ontology guided information extraction process. Shangri-Docs could be adapted to other science fields and further customized across our R&D scientific community via our open source, cloud-based, data management system. [1] Funk, et.al., BMC Bioinformatics 2014, 15:59 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-59 [2] Kang et al., BMC Bioinformatics 2014, 15:64 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-64 [3] Utopia Documents, http://utopiadocs.com [4] Apache cTAKES, http://ctakes.apache.org Citation Format: Chris Mattmann, Lauren Intagliata, Selina Chu, Garth McGrath, Giuseppe Totaro, Daniel Civello, David Ballard, Jeffrey Long, Nipurn Doshi, Shivika Thapar, Michael Livstone, Paul Ramirez, Maureen Cronin. Shangri-Docs: a browser based tool for document exploration and automatic knowledge extraction from unstructured biomedical text. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5283.

An Optical Character Recognition System from Printed Text and Text Image using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System

This is the age of digital systems. Now a days, everything is being computerized. Peoples are using mobile phones, laptop, computer, camera, notebook, pdf reader etc digital systems too much than ever. Use of papers and pen, printed books are decreasing. Rather peoples are using digital means of communication, study, documentation. Optical character recognition is an application of these digital systems. There are many ways and systems to recognize a character from a printed document. Many research works have been done for OCR in different languages using neural network, support vector machine, markov model. In this paper, an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based methodology has been proposed for recognizing characters from printed documents such as text image. Purpose of this paper is not making a software but proving the usability and effectivity of ANFIS for optical english character recognition and propose a anfis system with less error and more efficiency. Proposed system can detect every character perfectly wihout error.

App Review Series Introduction

App Review Series Introduction

Software Crash Analysis for Automatic Exploit Generation on Binary Programs

This paper presents a new method, capable of automatically generating attacks on binary programs from software crashes. We analyze software crashes with a symbolic failure model by performing concolic executions following the failure directed paths, using a whole system environment model and concrete address mapped symbolic memory in S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> E. We propose a new selective symbolic input method and lazy evaluation on pseudo symbolic variables to handle symbolic pointers and speed up the process. This is an end-to-end approach able to create exploits from crash inputs or existing exploits for various applications, including most of the existing benchmark programs, and several large scale applications, such as a word processor (Microsoft office word), a media player (mpalyer), an archiver (unrar), or a pdf reader (foxit). We can deal with vulnerability types including stack and heap overflows, format string, and the use of uninitialized variables. Notably, these applications have become software fuzz testing targets, but still require a manual process with security knowledge to produce mitigation-hardened exploits. Using this method to generate exploits is an automated process for software failures without source code. The proposed method is simpler, more general, faster, and can be scaled to larger programs than existing systems. We produce the exploits within one minute for most of the benchmark programs, including mplayer. We also transform existing exploits of Microsoft office word into new exploits within four minutes. The best speedup is 7,211 times faster than the initial attempt. For heap overflow vulnerability, we can automatically exploit the unlink() macro of glibc, which formerly requires sophisticated hacking efforts.

Scaffolding of scientific publications with open educational resources (OER)

Helping students better understand scientific publications is one of the essential tasks of higher education. This paper presents a novel learning/reading environment that incorporates innovative scaffolding methods that aim to enable students to readily access open educational resources (OER) and read and comprehend the paper in a collaborative reading environment within a course. The new system, OER-based Collaborative PDF Reader (OCPR), captures and characterizes students’ emerging information needs when they read a paper, while also auto-recommending high quality OERs, e.g., presentation videos, slides, or Wikipedia pages, when students ask for clarifying content (OER-based Scaffolding). The study was conducted in a course for students to read an article, ask questions, and rate resources suggested by the OCPR system. The preliminary results show that the students tend to ask elementary questions and rate video resources higher than other resources. The results will inform future improvement of the OCPR system.

Mise en Scène: A Film Scholarship Augmented Reality Mobile Application

Introduction The presentation of film scholarship in the United States, like the majority of scholarship in academia, has remained relatively unchanged for decades; it was, and is, primarily textual. However, in addition to printed text, film scholarship has often employed the still frame or screen capture as a way of integrating film's visual dimension. And while the screen capture continues to be a valuable tool in the presentation of film analysis, it is only one of many possible forms of multimedia. Mise en Scene, an augmented reality (AR) mobile application, is a tool that has been designed to bring cinema scholarship into a kinetic and auditory realm more closely in line with the actual medium being studied: film. By embracing digital mobile technology, specifically AR, Mise en Scene is able to augment printed articles and books with short video examples, audio clips, and image galleries. Mise en Scene can augment both existing scholarship and works that are crafted with the technology specifically in mind. It should be noted that some attempts have been made to implement audio and video into film scholarship, but these attempts have been limited in both the technology used and the exposure achieved. Journals like Mediascape, Brighlights Film Journal, Refractory, and Underground Film Journal do embed videos into their online articles using Flash players like YouTube or JW Player, but in a rudimentary way that resemble blog articles. Additionally, the PDF versions of their articles that are available to print do not contain any ability to access the selected content. This project was a result of frustration with the current limitations in traditional scholarly exhibition. The impetus was an unpublished article on Alfred Hitchcock's Strangers on a Train that included nearly 30 still images in a protracted appendix. Due largely in part to physical space constraints, the inclusion of more than only a few still images in a single article on film is largely discouraged within the community of publishers and editors and thus the Hitchcock article was untenable from a publishing perspective. It became apparent that the number of still images in the Hitchcock article could have been reduced had the exhibition format of scholarly findings allowed for the inclusion of video and audio clips instead of just screen captures. Augmented reality offered two unique opportunities for film scholarship: a seamless merging of digital content and physical paper and the ability to more easily enhance archived works of nondigitized film scholarship. In the original conception of Mise en Scene as an enhanced PDF reader, film scholarship would either have to be created digitally with the application in mind or already-printed, pre-digital texts would have to be digitized and then enhanced. With augmented reality, physical books and articles could be enhanced/augmented without the need for digitization of the original work--digital and analogue would no longer have to be mutually exclusive. It is easily within the realm of possibility that a book or article from the early 20th century could, without digitization, be enhanced with digital multimedia. While this cross-generation augmentation was purely conceptual in the early stages of the project, the concept became reality when the Mise en Scene development teams were not only able to isolate specific articles to ensure there wouldn't be any overlaps between documents, but also figured out a way to instruct the AR software to recognize unique chunks of text, not just images. These breakthroughs allow any book or article from any time and any printer to be uniquely augmented with digital multimedia content without having to digitize the original source. Mise en Scene not only addresses an enormous technological gap in the film-scholarly exchange, it accurately reflects the complexity of the medium of film; cinema scholarship, for the first time in its history, can be presented in a way that utilizes the aural and kinetic nature of film itself. …

GoodReader or PDF Reader Pro: Which Is Better for Reading and Annotating?

GoodReader or PDF Reader Pro: Which Is Better for Reading and Annotating?

BLUIMA, an NLP Pipeline for Neuroscience

Event Abstract Back to Event BLUIMA, an NLP Pipeline for Neuroscience Renaud Richardet1*, Martin Telefont1, Jean-Cédric Chappelier2 and Sean L. Hill1 1 EPFL, SV, Switzerland 2 EPFL, Switzerland The growing number of published neuroscientific literature makes it impossible for researchers to read, manually curate and integrate the newly available information. There is a rich landscape of tools to automate knowledge extraction from scientific papers. However, this landscape is fragmented and lacks interoperability. In addition, some tools are focused on the biomedical domain, but few are specific to neuroscience. BLUIMA is an integrated suite of software components for natural language processing of neuroscientific literature (neuroNLP). BLUIMA is based on the high-performance Apache UIMA framework and provides UIMA components wrapping state-of-the-art NLP tools so they can be used interchangeably in processing pipelines. BLUIMA also includes original models and tools specific to neuroscience and provides corpus readers for neuroscientific corpora. Corpus readers are provided for several corpora (e.g. WhiteText brain regions corpus). A robust PDF reader module performs precise text extraction from scientific articles in PDF format. BLUIMA also includes pre-processing modules for sentence segmentation, word tokenization and part-of-speech tagging (JulieLab), as well as lemmatization (BioLemmatizer) and abbreviation recognition (BioAdi). The MongoDb module allows storing UIMA documents into MongoDb, the leading NoSQL database. Lexical-based named entity recognizers (NER) are available for organism name, age and sex, for brain regions, cell and subcellular names, protein and gene names. BLUIMA also provides a NER built using the NIFSTD brain ontology, and another using the BioLexicon, a lexical-terminological resource of nearly 2.2 Mio lexical entries from the biomedical domain. Finally, BLUIMA wraps several machine learning-based NERs for chemicals, species and proteins. The above components are packaged into a freely available, standalone software suite with minimal dependency. Furthermore, a simple scripting language allows configuring the different components in a simple and straightforward format. Evaluation was performed on a random sample of 10'000 PubMed abstracts containing the MeSH term "Neuroscience". On this dataset, 97.0% of all tokens were recognized and mapped by one or more components. In conclusion, BLUIMA is an effort to integrate available tools and develop new tools for the processing of neuroscientific literature. Keywords: Natural Language Processing, content extraction, UIMA, Neurosciences, neuroNLP Conference: Neuroinformatics 2013, Stockholm, Sweden, 27 Aug - 29 Aug, 2013. Presentation Type: Demo Topic: Infrastructural and portal services Citation: Richardet R, Telefont M, Chappelier J and Hill SL (2013). BLUIMA, an NLP Pipeline for Neuroscience. Front. Neuroinform. Conference Abstract: Neuroinformatics 2013. doi: 10.3389/conf.fninf.2013.09.00050 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 30 Apr 2013; Published Online: 11 Jul 2013. * Correspondence: Mr. Renaud Richardet, EPFL, SV, Lausanne, Switzerland, renaud.richardet@epfl.ch Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Renaud Richardet Martin Telefont Jean-Cédric Chappelier Sean L Hill Google Renaud Richardet Martin Telefont Jean-Cédric Chappelier Sean L Hill Google Scholar Renaud Richardet Martin Telefont Jean-Cédric Chappelier Sean L Hill PubMed Renaud Richardet Martin Telefont Jean-Cédric Chappelier Sean L Hill Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Linking research data with scholarly publications

Motivation: in recent decades, a vast gulf has opened between the mass of accumulating research data and the massively expanding literature describing and analysing those data. The problem is not so much data generation per se, but rather, the way in which we’ve buried the knowledge embodied in those data: there is now so much information available that we simply no longer know what we know, and finding what we want is hard, because he knowledge we seek is often spread across thousands of databases and millions of articles in thousands of journals. The intellectual energy required to search this array of archives, and the time and money this wastes, has prompted the development of new software tools to help link these resources, and ultimately liberate the knowledge that’s been systematically trapped within them. Results: to address some of these issues, we have developed Utopia Documents. Building on Utopia, a suite of semantically integrated protein sequence/structure visualisation and analysis tools (1,2), Utopia Documents is a PDF reader that integrates Utopia’s functionality with research articles. The system was piloted in a project with Portland Press to create the Semantic Biochemical Journal (BJ) (3) – in this project, Utopia Documents was used to transform static document features into objects that can be linked, annotated, visualised and analysed interactively, thereby transforming the reading experience and making further analysis from within a PDF file possible for the first time. The Semantic BJ was launched in December 2009 (see www.biochemj. org/bj/424/3/), and Utopia Documents is now being used by BJ editors within their routine publication pipelines. With support from other publishers, and groups like SeqAhead, this new software could also make significant advances towards tighter coupling of NGS literature and data in future.

NucleaRDB: information system for nuclear receptors

The NucleaRDB is a Molecular Class-Specific Information System that collects, combines, validates and disseminates large amounts of heterogeneous data on nuclear hormone receptors. It contains both experimental and computationally derived data. The data and knowledge present in the NucleaRDB can be accessed using a number of different interactive and programmatic methods and query systems. A nuclear hormone receptor-specific PDF reader interface is available that can integrate the contents of the NucleaRDB with full-text scientific articles. The NucleaRDB is freely available at http://www.receptors.org/nucleardb.

Neue Mozart Ausgabe Online (review)

Neue Mozart Ausgabe Online, part of the Digitate Mozart Edition. Operated by the Mozarteum Foundation Salzburg in cooperation with the Packard Humanities Institute. http://DME.mozarteum.at (Accessed June-September 2010). [Requires a Web browser, an Internet connection, and a PDF reader.] Complete works editions have long been an important resource for scholars and musicians. Although their high production costs have made them susceptible to shifts in academic trends and availability of funding, large critical editions continue to play an important role in twenty-first-century scholarship. Recent years have witnessed an increase in online digital collections; the C.P.E. Bach complete works is currently making performance parts of each volume available on its Web site (http://www.cpebach.org), nineteenth-century editions of Bach, Handel, and others are now available in facsimile online (made possible by the expiration of their copyright), and the Digitale Mozart Edition (DME) is at the forefront of this trend, with the Neue Mozart Ausgabe (NMA) already completely digitized and available online. The DME has also begun to implement plans to make archival documents pertaining to Mozart's life available online, as part of their overall project to provide world wide access to the complete works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ... [and to] include a critical edition of letters, documents and libretti as well. (1) Only the NMA Online will be discussed in this review. The content is free and open to the public for private and educational use. Commerical use is prohibited, as is wholesale reproduction of the edition. (1.) Excerpted from the DME's Project Outline on their homepage: http://DME.mozarteum.at/DME. With 126 volumes and almost 35,000 pages digitized, the NMA Online--available in German, Japanese, and English--offers numerous advantages to libraries, scholars, and musicians over printed volumes. Of great interest, lo librarians will be the ability for users to view any part of the edition, download it as a PDF file, and print a hard copy if needed. This will reduce wear and tear to printed editions and decrease use of copy and scanning equipment (as it renders reproduction of the originals unnecessary). The ability to print is useful for musicians since users can annotate their own copies of a with greater ease. This feature also makes the NMA Online a potential performance library for performers, although for now the score only format makes it impractical in this regard for the majority of Mozart's compositions. In the future, the DME plans to convert the NMA material into a format that would allow for individual performance parts to be viewed and printed. Compared to the printed edition, ease of use is greatly increased with the online version since it is searchable and browsable by a number of different criteria. Both a Kochel number and a more generic keyword search function are available. Users can also browse by genre, key, volume editor, and the original NMA organization scheme. If one were looking for the wind quintet K. 581, but didn't know the catalog number, it could be found in a number of different ways. A search for clarinet in the keyword box would yield it, as would browsing the category drop down list for Series VIII--quintets with wind instruments. Users can also find the correct volume by searching for its editor (in the case of K. 581, Ernst Schmid). Below the main search box is a listing of each series in the NMA and by clicking on any of these, users may browse a list of the volumes contained within each series, complete with information on works contained, publication date, editor, and number of pages. These search features of the NMA Online allow for many different works or volumes to be accessed simultaneously and compared on a single computer screen. Once the desired volume has been found, the user has the option of either viewing the entire NMA volume in facsimile (the by clicking on the note-head icon, the report by clicking on the text button) or proceeding to an interactive table of contents that has been created for each individual volume (by clicking the i button). …