PDF Patterns Research Articles

UV–visible downshifting in CdWO4:Ce3+ nanosized phosphor

In this paper, the synthesis of Ce3+ doped CdWO4 nanophosphor and its downshifting properties is presented. The reported nanosized phosphor was synthesized by low cost and low-temperature wet chemical method. Phase purity and crystallite size were measured by XRD and HRTEM techniques, and photoluminescence characterization was carried out for its downshifting properties. The XRD pattern reveals that the CdWO4 has a monoclinic structure and it is in good agreement with standard PDF pattern. HRTEM images reveal that the phosphor has nanoflakes and nanogranules structural morphology. The present phosphor CdWO4:Ce3+ shows good downshifting property and converts the broad ultraviolet band (ranging from 220 to 400 nm and peaking at 285 nm) into a visible spectral band extending from 400 to 650 nm and peaking at 474 nm. The excitation and emission spectra are analyzed by curve fitting using the Gaussian function for the contribution of the 5d-4f allowed the transition of Ce3+ ion. Such downshifting phosphor may be used to improve the light conversion efficiency of Si solar cells.

Pinterest for the Apocalypse

Pinterest for the Apocalypse Sophie Beck (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Photo by Mark Baylor [End Page 32] My sewing machine repairman is named Steve. At the age of nineteen and in the company of his mother’s retired railroad-man boyfriend, Steve took a three-month training course to repair sewing machines for the Hancock fabric-store chain. Thirty years later, he repairs [End Page 33] every sewing machine ever made; some customers travel hundreds of miles to bring him their machines, and he gets frequent calls from people who ask how to train into his career. He doesn’t know. Steve doesn’t train new repairmen; the program he attended is long gone, and no vocational schools in the area offer classes. There aren’t many Steves. But people are sewing. Denver fabric store Fancy Tiger offers between twenty-five and thirty sewing and knitting classes each month, plus weekly gatherings for social sewing, troubleshooting, and even a men’s craft night. In an Austin bungalow, Stitch Lab runs as many as six classes per day plus camaraderie builders. Back east, the Brooklyn General Store offers Sewing Boot Camp and a necktie-making workshop. Fabric sales are up. Sewing pattern sales are up, including scores of downloadable PDF patterns now available on Etsy. Singer sewing-machine sales have grown over 100 percent in the last decade. Craft inspiration is a pulsing primary artery of seventy-million-user Pinterest; fast-growing Craftsy offers a dizzying array of webinar sewing tutorials at an average of thirty dollars each; and the Grand Lady of all things hand-made, Martha Stewart, continues to get more than 3.6 million visits per month at her site. This interest in handmade garments and crafts comes at a time when manufactured sewn goods are more accessible than ever. In clothing, Inditex Group posted more than $20 billion in sales for 2015 at its 2,100 Zara stores. There are over 4,000 H&M, 2,700 Mango, 1,400 Uniqlo, and 600 Forever 21 locations. An H&M store receives an average of twenty new garments daily. Nearly the entire stock of a Zara will turn over every two weeks—the company annually produces around 11,000 different items for sale. Fast fashion has never been cheaper or faster. Home sewing used to be about thrift, but it is now very difficult to replicate fast fashion prices on any home project. Not fifty years ago, many home seamstresses strove to make their clothes so expertly as to appear manufactured in order to dispel the stigma of poverty. But sewing is now becoming an emblem of beliefs—a rebellion against mass production, consumerism, sameness, and waste. Home sewing is not meaningfully greener or less wasteful. Most home seamstresses are not buying less Zara; they are pairing their creations with their Zara. And sewing involves ample buying—patterns, fabrics, threads, zippers, tools, machines, materials. This is true even if the seamstress is conscientiously upcycling a used article of clothing. The real draw of sewing is feeling capable, able to perform a layered and [End Page 34] technical manual task that results in a physical good, paired with the satisfaction of control—if you’re skilled enough and can find the right supplies, you are making something exactly as you want it. I was fourteen when I first began to work on sewing projects with regularity. I made a hooded drapey blouse for which I never discovered or created the right accompanying pants; a jacket in a slightly Southwestern fabric that I grew so weary of during construction, I ultimately never wore it; a top in the Chinese cheongsam tradition with closures from armpit to standing collar but crafted from blood-red corduroy; and a pair of flowing, oddly sophisticated pants with the unusual technical detail of being entered like a diaper and then closed at the back waist and front waist. My mother helped me craft a simple black cotton knit dress that fit perfectly; I wore it all through college and well after. Countless attempts and ideas were thrown away. There are a lot of makers now. A maker is the freshly purposed...

Oxyanion induced variations in domain structure for amorphous cobalt oxide oxygen evolving catalysts, resolved by X-ray pair distribution function analysis.

Amorphous thin film oxygen evolving catalysts, OECs, of first-row transition metals show promise to serve as self-assembling photoanode materials in solar-driven, photoelectrochemical `artificial leaf' devices. This report demonstrates the ability to use high-energy X-ray scattering and atomic pair distribution function analysis, PDF, to resolve structure in amorphous metal oxide catalyst films. The analysis is applied here to resolve domain structure differences induced by oxyanion substitution during the electrochemical assembly of amorphous cobalt oxide catalyst films, Co-OEC. PDF patterns for Co-OEC films formed using phosphate, Pi, methylphosphate, MPi, and borate, Bi, electrolyte buffers show that the resulting domains vary in size following the sequence Pi < MPi < Bi. The increases in domain size for CoMPi and CoBi were found to be correlated with increases in the contributions from bilayer and trilayer stacked domains having structures intermediate between those of the LiCoOO and CoO(OH) mineral forms. The lattice structures and offset stacking of adjacent layers in the partially stacked CoMPi and CoBi domains were best matched to those in the LiCoOO layered structure. The results demonstrate the ability of PDF analysis to elucidate features of domain size, structure, defect content and mesoscale organization for amorphous metal oxide catalysts that are not readily accessed by other X-ray techniques. PDF structure analysis is shown to provide a way to characterize domain structures in different forms of amorphous oxide catalysts, and hence provide an opportunity to investigate correlations between domain structure and catalytic activity.

Crystal Structure and Local Structure of Mg2–xPrxNi4 (x = 0.6 and 1.0) Deuteride Using in Situ Neutron Total Scattering

We studied crystal structure and local structure of Mg(2-x)Pr(x)Ni4 (x = 0.6 and 1.0) and their deuterides using in situ neutron total scattering and first-principles calculations. The total scattering data were analyzed using Rietveld refinement and pair distribution function analysis (PDF). The crystal structure of Mg(2-x)Pr(x)Ni4 before deuterium absorption was C15b in space group F43m. No difference between the crystal and local (PDF) structures was observed. The crystal structure of Mg1.0Pr1.0Ni4D(∼4) was found to be orthorhombic in space group Pmn2(1), with three deuterium occupation sites: PrNi3 and two types of bipyramidal Pr2MgNi2 that have a plane of symmetry composed of MgNi2. There is no significant difference between the crystal structure and the local structure of Mg1.0Pr1.0Ni4D(∼4). On the other hand, the average crystal structure of the Mg-rich Mg1.4Pr0.6Ni4D(∼3.6) was C15b with two deuterium occupation sites: PrNi3 and MgPrNi2 suggesting that the deuterium occupation shifts away from the Pr2MgNi2 bipyramid. First-principles relaxed structures also showed the shift of the hydrogen occupation site toward the Pr atom of the bipyramid, when induced by Mg substitution for the opposing Pr, resulting in hydrogen occupation in the MgPrNi2 tetrahedral site. The PDF pattern of Mg1.4Pr0.6Ni4D(∼3.6) cannot be refined below 7.2 Å in atomic distances using the C15b structure which was obtained from Rietveld refinement but can be done using an orthorhombic structure. It suggests that Mg1.4Pr0.6Ni4D(∼3.6) was locally distorted to the orthorhombic.

In This Issue

This month, as the Journal celebrates its 50th anniversary, Dr. Eric Taylor, distinguished child and adolescent psychiatrist and Professor Emeritus at King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, provides historical perspective regarding classification of psychiatric disorders in the DSM over its most recent revisions (p. 103). He reviews the goals promoted by the president of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in 1963 when the DSM-III was under development. Those goals are, to a large extent, echoed by the current DSM-V committee. In addition, the conundrums that made revision of the DSM-III difficult, such as the tension between research requirements for homogeneity within diagnostic categories and clinicians' need to classify cases with less straightforward presentations, are persistent across time. How to Classify?Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryVol. 50Issue 2PreviewThe question of “why to classify?” is easy to answer: classification is the foundation of our professional language. It allows us to talk to each other intelligibly and helps us to communicate with others. The question of “how to classify” is much more complex. It has rightly been a concern of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and its Journal from the beginning. The Presidential Address in 1963 set an agenda, making good classification a prime objective for the academy's development. Full-Text PDF Patterns and Correlates of Tic Disorder Diagnoses in Privately and Publicly Insured YouthJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryVol. 50Issue 2PreviewThis study examined the prevalence and demographic and clinical correlates of children diagnosed with Tourette disorder, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, and other tic disorders in public and private insurance plans over the course of a 1-year period. Full-Text PDF Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Exacerbations of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: A Prospective Longitudinal StudyJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryVol. 50Issue 2PreviewThe objective of this blinded, prospective, longitudinal study was to determine whether new group A β hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections are temporally associated with exacerbations of tic or obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in children who met published criteria for pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). A group of children with Tourette syndrome and/or OC disorder without a PANDAS history served as the comparison (non-PANDAS) group. Full-Text PDF Correlates of At-Risk/Problem Internet Gambling in AdolescentsJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryVol. 50Issue 2PreviewThe Internet represents a new and widely available forum for gambling. However, relatively few studies have examined Internet gambling in adolescents. This study sought to investigate the correlates of at-risk or problem gambling in adolescents acknowledging or denying gambling on the Internet. Full-Text PDF Clonidine Extended-Release Tablets for Pediatric Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryVol. 50Issue 2PreviewThis study examined the efficacy and safety of clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets (CLON-XR) in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Full-Text PDF

The Impact of Non-Isotropic Scattering and Directional Antennas on MIMO Multicarrier Mobile Communication Channels

In outdoor environments, waves propagate non- isotropically because of non-uniform distribution of scatterers. In addition directional antennas, which are efficient for communication applications, have considerable impact on the response of the communication channel. The impact of non-isotropic propagation and directional antennas is more significant when the system employs multiple antennas. In this paper, we propose a space-time-frequency cross-correlation function (CCF) for multiple-input multiple-output multicarrier channels in a two-dimensional (2D) random scattering medium. The expression of the CCF turns out to be a multiplication of three CCFs. Two of these terms characterize the impact of mobile station and base station, respectively and are linear Bessel expansions, where the coefficients are given by the linear convolution of the Fourier series coefficients (FSC)s of the employed antenna patterns and the FSCs of the probability density function describing 2D non-isotropic environment. The third expression characterizes the impact of the wireless channel. In the stationary case, we derive the expression of the fading channel power spectrum (CPS) in terms of the non-isotropic pdf and antenna patterns. Using the expression of the CCF, we also calculate coherence-bandwidth (CB)/coherence-time (CT) as a function of carrier-frequency/time separations. Our numerical results show a good fit to the available experimental results obtained for the CB/CT of realistic outdoor channels.

Use of a high X-ray flux instrument for a mineral: X-ray powder diffraction pattern of CaMg(CO3)2

The usefulness of a high X-ray flux instrument to improve the accuracy of a powder diffraction pattern is demonstrated. In this case, very weak reflections of a well-characterized and well-known natural mineral can be detected by an often-used X-ray rotating anode diffractometer. High purity natural dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2, for example, was used to produce a slightly more comprehensive indexed X-ray powder diffraction. The powder pattern obtained in this study was compared with that of the reported high quality PDF pattern (36-426, with “*” mark) and that of a calculated pattern derived from single crystal structure data. A very weak 003 reflection at low angle and many weak reflections at high angles, not reported in the PDF pattern, were successfully identified using this high-power X-ray instrument. Unit cell parameters were determined to be a=4.8090±0.0001 Å and c=16.0182±0.0003 Å, which were in good agreement with the extant PDF pattern. Accuracy of the relative intensities between the measured and calculated patterns was apparently somewhat improved in this study, probably also attained through less preferred orientation and the higher purity of the sample used.

X-ray powder diffraction study of BiSbO4

A Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data of BiSbO4 is reported. The refined lattice parameters are a =5.4690(2), b =4.8847(3), c = 11.8252(6) Å, and β = 101.131(3)°. The powder data are compared with the PDF patterns designated BiSbO4 (30-177) and SbBiO4 (7-191).

Cerium Oxygen Apatite (Ce4.67[SiO4]3O) X-Ray Diffraction Pattern Revisited

AbstractA new X-ray diffraction pattern for the compound cerium oxygen apatite, Ce4.67[SiO4]3O is suggested. The compound was prepared by the solid state reaction of the oxides, CeO2 and SiO2 and has a hexagonal crystal structure with the lattice constants a = 9.6578 Å and c = 7.1187 Å. The sample of the most recent PDF pattern 31-0336* (Visser, 1978) for this compound is believed to be contaminated with significant quantities of N owing to the fact that it was prepared by mixing Ce2O3 and Si3N4 and its very close resemblance to the pattern displayed in the PDF 33-0333 given for the cerium “nitrogen” apatite, Ce5[SiO4]3N.

X-Ray Powder Data for α-Si3N4

AbstractA new X-ray powder diffraction pattern for α-Si3N4is presented and compared with the current PDF pattern. The necessity for an updated pattern is discussed.

Evaluation of Reference X-ray Diffraction Patterns in the ICDD Powder Diffraction File

AbstractProcedures and tools for evaluation of reference x-ray powder patterns in the JCPDSICDD Powder Diffraction File are illustrated by a review of air-stable binary oxides. The reference patterns are evaluated using an available microcomputer version of the NBS*A1DS83 editorial program and PDF patterns retrieved directly from the CD-ROM in the program's input format. The patterns are compared to calculated and experimental diffractograms. The majority of the oxide patterns have been found to be in good agreement with the calculated and observed diffractograms, but are often missing some weak reflections routinely observed with a modern diffractometer. These weak reflections are added to the PDF pattern. For the remainder of the phases, patterns are redetermined.

X-Ray Powder Data for CaWO4, Synthetic Scheelite

AbstractNew X-ray powder data for CaWO4 (synthetic scheelite) are presented and compared with the current PDF patterns and with a calculated pattern.

X-Ray Powder Data for the Isomers of Nitroaniline (NO2C6H4NH2)

AbstractX-ray powder data and crystal data for the ortho (2 –), meta (3 – ) and para (4 – ) isomers of nitroaniline, NO2C6H4NH2, are reported. The results are compared to existing PDF patterns.

X-Ray Powder Data for Acetaminophen (C8H9NO2)

AbstractX-ray powder data and crystal data for acetaminophen, C8H9NO2, are reported and results are compared to existing PDF patterns.

Development of visually evoked potentials in kittens: specific and nonspecific responses.

Development of visually evoked potentials in kittens: specific and nonspecific responses.G H Rose, and D B LindsleyG H Rose, and D B LindsleyPublished Online:01 Jul 1968https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1968.31.4.607MoreSectionsPDF (4 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByFlash and pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in C57BL/6J and B6CBAF1/J miceBrain Research Bulletin, Vol. 32, No. 1Sensitivity of EEG in young rats to toluene exposurePharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Vol. 36, No. 4High-frequency VEP wavelets in early infancy: A preliminary studyInfant Behavior and Development, Vol. 10, No. 3VISUAL FUNCTION IN THE NEWBORNThe Lancet, Vol. 328, No. 8497Superior colliculus lesions and flash evoked potentials from rat cortexBrain Research Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 2Evoked potentials following unilateral ECT. II. 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