Pay Back Research Articles

Study of the Financial Feasibility of a Dairy Farming Business after the FMD Outbreak in Kampung Susu Lawu, Plaosan District, Magetan Regency

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> An outbreak of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in Indonesia targeted ruminants, notably impacting dairy cows and precipitating a significant downturn in milk production during the year 2022. This research aimed to determine the financial feasibility and break-even point of post-FMD dairy farming within the Kampung Susu Lawu livestock group in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Employing a quantitative descriptive method, this study utilized survey techniques involving 50 dairy farmers affiliated with the Livestock Group of Kampung Susu Lawu. The data analysis encompassed investment analysis, including the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Pay Back Period of Credit (PPC), and Break-Even Point (BEP).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The findings revealed a BCR value of 1.49, NPV amounting to IDR 38,888,178.00, IRR at 26.36%, PPC of 3.46 years, BEP pegged at IDR 33,043,062.00/year, and BEP based on the unit set at 7,396 liters of milk/year. Financial analysis indicated a positive NPV, a BCR exceeding 1, an IRR surpassing prevailing bank interest rates, and a PPC duration of 3.46 years, collectively affirming the financial feasibility of the dairy farming business.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This investigation shows that the post-FMD smallholder dairy business is economically feasible. Farmers stand to accrue benefits by surpassing the production threshold of 7,396 liters of milk/year or by maintaining a herd of productive dairy cows numbering more than three.</p>

Energy recovery and waste valorization in a frozen food processing facility: a case study from Lazio, Italy

AbstractFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that food, beverage, and tobacco sector is currently responsible for about 30% of total world energy consumption and approximately the same percentage of food is wasted during its industrial transformation. Improving the sustainability of food processing is fundamental to reduce the environmental impact of this sector as well as to lower the disposal cost of industrial waste. The objective of this work is to propose an efficient and technically feasible solution for the management and energy recovery of residual biomasses and industrial processing by-products, such as sewage sludge produced by industrial wastewater treatment. The above solution is developed for a real frozen food factory operating in Lazio region (Italy) introducing a sewage sludge dryer and a gasifier to produce syngas. The software Aspen Plus is adopted to numerically simulate the gasification process, using a literature validated model, while the dryer and the already present combined heat and power (CHP) plant are dynamically modelled in TRNSYS environment. The results demonstrate that the proposed solution is feasible and attractive from both an environmental and an economic perspective. The Simple Pay Back of the investment is less than 3 years, while the Net Present Value stands at about 2.4 M€. Furthermore, the CO2 proposed system allows to save 179 t of equivalent CO2 emissions compared to the current system.

Increased competency in preparing feasibility study documents for pasteurized milk processing business

This study aims to analyze the business feasibility of the pasteurized milk production reactivation program in the Milk Processing (MP) business unit. Feasibility analysis is carried out based on technical and production aspects, market and marketing aspects, management and human resource aspects, and financial aspects. The research method uses business feasibility analysis methods with observation, interview, and literature study approaches. The data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected in the form of questionnaires given to consumers in expressing their opinions on marketing aspects. Furthermore, the secondary data used includes financial statements, sales reports, and production reports of the MP business unit of PT Agronesia. The results showed that the plan to re-operate the MP-BMC business unit of PT. Agronesia with a planned production of three products, namely pasteurized milk, yogurt, and ice cream estimated in the next 10 years is feasible to run. This feasibility is viewed from the financial aspect by calculating investment criteria, namely Net Present Value (NPV), Interest Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), and Pay Back Period (PBP), which is supported by the feasibility of other business managerial aspects.

Who Will Pay Back the Earth? Revaluing Net Energy through the Sustainable Yield of Regional Ecosystems

Who Will Pay Back the Earth? Revaluing Net Energy through the Sustainable Yield of Regional Ecosystems

Analisa Kelayakan Finansial Proyek Automated People Mover System Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta

The growth in the number of passengers continues to increase every year, so increasing capacity is a challenge for airport operators, including by increasing the number of sub-terminals, namely: terminal 1, terminal 2 and terminal 3. being a passenger is a new problem that must be solved because the lockdown creates the potential for traffic jams and causes passengers to be late. To overcome these problems, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport has made modifications to carry out infrastructure development that can provide an integrated, dedicated transportation service system so that priority passenger mobility can be served properly. The operation of flying boats is a service system supporting intermodal and inter-sub-terminal connectivity, the cost of organizing flying boats requires quite large costs, namely investment costs and operational costs. / Passenger Service Fee (PSC), since the corona virus disease (covid 19) pandemic, this income has been decreasing. The research aims to financial analysis of the Automated People Mover System Project and perform calculations such as the Internal Return Rate, Net Present Value, Return On Investment, and Pay Back Period. The research results are declared not feasible because they are not providing benefit.

Analisis Investasi Dan Kelayakan Usaha Pada PT. Warmare Jaya Mandiri (WJM) Manokwari Selatan

A business feasibility study is an assessment of whether or not the business being implemented is feasible. It is feasible because it provides benefits for the company that runs it, for investors, creditors, the government and society. The purpose of this research is to analyze the feasibility of the company's business in carrying out stone and sand mining carried out by PT. Warmare Jaya Mandiri. In this research, the data used is financial data on capital, production, selling prices, salary costs for managers, administration, equipment operators, drivers and daily labor. The analysis techniques used to process this data are Net Present Value, Net Benefit Cost Ratio, Internal Rate of Return and Pay Back Period. From the results of the Net Present Value analysis, a value of IDR 2,289,154,040 was obtained. The results were positive and declared feasible. Furthermore, for the Benefit Cost Ratio, the B/C calculation result is 2.43 > 1, so the investment is declared suitable to continue. The next method is the IRR method to obtain a value of 26.80%, this value is above the required minimum interest value. From the pay back period analysis, the pay back period analysis is estimated to be able to return all investment costs after 4 years and 2 months.

The hidden vulnerabilities behind financial sustainability: a case study of a sugarcane farm business in Pemalang City, Central Java, Indonesia

This study assesses the financial viability of a 4-hectare sugarcane farming enterprise operated by Perhutani, an Indonesian State-Owned Enterprise. The farm is situated in the geographical limits of Pemalang City, which is located in the Central Java Province of Indonesia. This study employs a financial feasibility analysis approach that involves the computation of key financial indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Pay Back Period (PBP), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and the application of sensitivity analysis. Overall, the assessment of the viability of a 4-hectare sugarcane farming enterprise indicates that it is financially feasible and has the potential to operate as a sustainable business. This conclusion is drawn from the positive numerical values obtained through various financial analysis techniques. Nevertheless, it is evident from the conducted sensitivity analysis that sugarcane farming is a highly susceptible business to fluctuations in prevailing conditions. When molasses production experienced reductions of 10% and 15%, most financial feasibility analysis estimates yielded negative values. The issue of production vulnerability extending beyond economic feasibility has been rendered inconspicuous by many reasons, including climate change.

ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF ENERGY STORAGE IN A PROSUMER PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the economic efficiency of electricity generation in a prosumer photovoltaic installation supported by energy storage billed in the net-billing model. The subject of the study was a comparative analysis for two variants, i.e. 1) reference (photovoltaic installation only) and 2) hybrid (supported by energy storage). The Levelized Costs of Electricity (LCOE), Net Present Value (NPV) and Dynamic Pay Back Time (DPBT) methods were used to evaluate it. The object of the study was a dairy farm, where a prosumer photovoltaic system with a capacity of 19.62 kWp was installed along with an energy storage of 10 kWh. The study shows that with the current billing system in place, the unit cost of electricity generation in the reference variant was more than 40% lower than the value calculated in this way for a photovoltaic system equipped with energy storage. The simulation carried out for dynamic tariffs, which will be in operation from July 01, 2024, showed that the use of energy storage can favorably affect the economic efficiency of photovoltaic installations, but it requires the installation of a smart energy balance management system.

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ASH SHAFF ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT IN MANDALAJATI DISTRICT, BANDUNG CITY

Abstract - The problem of the availability of school infrastructure, especially classrooms, to the number of students who are or will enroll is a classic problem that occurs in almost all schools in Indonesia, both in schools with state and private status. Madalajati Subdistrict is one of the subdistricts in the city of Bandung which has schools with a limited number of classrooms, including the Ash Shaff Islamic Elementary School. Therefore, the feasibility study for the development of the Ash Shaff Islamic Elementary School is very important to do. The research was conducted using quantitative methods with principals, teachers, and elementary school administration staff as the research objects. From the results of the analysis conducted, the social demand in Mandalajati District is quite large. Referring to the projected population of 6-12 years old who are elementary school age, the ratio of the number of classrooms needed to the available classrooms is 50%. The 154 classrooms needed in 2022 have not been fulfilled, and will continue to increase in the following years. The results of the financial analysis show that this development is feasible with a breakeven point in year 6, the NPV is positive, namely 15815992.17 0, the results of the interpolation found that i1 or the interest rate that produces the smallest positive NPV is 2.55% with NPV1 = 8,250,616.43 and i2 or the interest rate that produces the smallest negative NPV of 2.56% with NPV2 = -811,339.58., BCR 3.6% 1 feasible investment, Pay Back Period (PBP) 6.5 years. Keywords – infrastructure, classrooms, social demand, worthy

Economic Feasibility of Ginger Emprit Extract Drink (Zingiber officinale Var. Amarum) using CMC Stabilizer

The tempe industry is one of the most numerous industries in Indonesia, so there is a high opportunity for making tempeh juice in the tempe industry. The application of tempeh in the manufacture of tempeh essence drink with emprit ginger extract is expected to provide benefits to the tempe industry in Indonesia. Tempe juice drink is one of the processed food products made from tempeh. Tempe juice drink is added with emprit ginger extract to remove the unpleasant aroma from tempeh and give flavor to the tempeh juice drink. On manufacture Tempe juice drink Emprit ginger extract need addition material CMC stabilizer for increase stability and viscosity product . Study This aim To determine the economic feasibility, an economic analysis was carried out regarding the feasibility of applying tempeh juice in the tempe industry. The research begins with making assumptions and analyzing the parameters, components and cost structure, the need for investment funds and working capital. This parameter calculates projected production, revenue and cash flow. Determination of the economic feasibility of the Tempe juice drink with Emprit ginger extract with the Net Present Value (NPV), Incremental Rate of Return (IRR), Net B/C and Pay Back Period (PBP). The assumption of drinking tempeh juice with emprit ginger extract in a year is 45600 bottles at a price of IDR 10,000.00 / bottle . The proportion of capital comes from 60% own capital and 40% credit. The average operational cost per year is IDR 278.606.467.00, variable costs Rp 233.606.467.00, and a flat fee of Rp 45.000.000.00 . Average income per year Rp 319.200,000.00 while spending Rp 304.017.802.00. The profit earned is Rp 151.982.198. Sales profit 2 8.33 % with 15% tax per year. This business BEP occurs in sales with an average value of Rp. 151.982.198 or 33,33 % of production capacity per year. The results showed that the NPV was Rp 156.180.415, IRR is 53 %, and Net B/C is 1.82 times. Based on existing criteria or assumptions, this business is feasible to run with PBP for two years, or the capital invested in this business can be returned before the project ends (3 many years).

An integrated financial and environmental evaluation framework to optimize residential photovoltaic solar systems in Australia from recession uncertainties

This study assesses the financial viability and environmental evaluation of Photovoltaic (PV) panels from the perspective of the recent economic recession due to the Russia-Ukraine war. The financial viability of PV installation is calculated based on the estimated price, solar rebates, feed-in tariff, energy supply cost, and other evaluation parameters available at the assessment time. This calculation implicitly assumes variable discount rates (4%, 7%, and 12%) to show how the future will unfold and its correlations with design parameters. Details of economic appraisal integrating current inflation, rebates, and incentives of solar systems have been analyzed for the first time in this study. Financial indicators reveal the advantages of installing a grid-connected solar system (SS) over a solar battery storage system (SSWB). Compared to other installation systems, the lowest payback (PB) and highest internal rate of return (IRR) are observed for a 7 kW grid-connected solar system. Relative uncertainties of solar installation systems represent the necessity of government subsidies (r = -0.602) for solar storage batteries. LCA signifies the energy-intensive process of manufacturing metallurgical-grade (MG) silicon is the primary cause of significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cumulative energy demand (CED) for PV panels. A potential amount of metal and fossil fuels is depleted for interconnective components of solar installation systems. Amorphous solar panels exhibit lower impacts than polycrystalline, but further upgradation in service life is required to become cost-effective and cope with current inflation.

Techno-economic analysis of electricity generation from household sewage sludge in different regions of Nigeria

Waste management has been a chronic environmental challenge in Nigeria, coupled with declining economic performance due to energy crises. This study was designed to estimate electricity potential of sewage sludge to meet the 2030 Renewable Energy target. However, there was a need to fill the gap in data related to wastewater management in Nigeria. The wastewater and sludge generated from households were evaluated based on data on population, access to water, and coverage of sewer networks. Consequently, the technical and economic feasibility of electricity generation was assessed using Anaerobic Digestion (AD)11AD - Anaerobic Digestion and Incineration (INC)22INC - Incineration scenarios. The core results found that North Central had the highest potential for wastewater generation (142.8–403.6 billion litres/yr) and collection (8.3–37.5 billion litres/yr) over 20 years. However, the South East had the highest average sewer collection rate of 9.08 %. The AD technology was the most technically viable, with a maximum generation of 6.8 GWh/yr in the North Central. In comparison, the INC outperformed AD in most of the financial viability indicators considered viz-a-viz: Life Cycle Cost (LCC),33LCC - Life Cycle Cost Net Present Value (NPV),44NPV - Net Present Value Pay Back Period (PBP),55PBP - Payback Period Internal Rate of Return (IRR),66IRR - Internal Rate of Return Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE).77LCOE - Levelized Cost of Energy The AD had a higher NPV of 16.3–69.58 million USD and a shorter PBP of about 4 years. The INC had a lower LCC of 0.1–0.34 million USD, LCOE of 0.046–0.094 USD/kWh, and a higher IRR of 19.3–25 %. Additionally, the sensitivity of NPV and INC to changes in economic factors would be noteworthy for investors and policymakers. Ultimately, the choice of technology should reflect the fiscal goal and priorities of a project.

ANALISIS STUDI KELAYAKAN PENGEMBANGAN USAHA JAMUR TIRAM PADA UD. KENANGA DI KELURAHAN AMPENAN SELATAN

The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the business development that will be carried out by UD. Memories in the South Ampenan Village of Mataram City when viewed from the investment criteria of Net Present Value (NPV), Pay Back Period (PP) and Profitability Index (IP). The data collection method used in this study is the case method or case study. In this case the case under study is the plan to add one unit of mushroom house (Kumbung) with a capacity of 500 baglogs. To find out the extent to which a business or business will be planned and can provide benefits or benefits, the analysis used is analysis of investment criteria. Based on the calculation of the Net Present Value, it shows that the total present value is Rp. 66,009,488.33, - which is greater than the initial investment of Rp. 12,630,000.00. So it shows a positive (+) net present value of IDR 53,379,488.33. The business development plan by adding one kumbung unit is feasible when viewed from the NPV investment criteria because the NPV results are positive (+). From the results of the payback period (PP) calculation above, it can be stated that cash inflow is needed in year 1 to cover the remaining the initial investment is Rp. 3,279,776.8 then the need for Rp. 3,279,776.8 only describes 38% of cash inflow in year 2 (3,279,776.8 : 8,598,866.0) X 1 year or in other words that cash inflow of IDR 3,279,776.8 in year 2 will be collected within 4 months 17 days. So the initial payback period from the investment plan is shorter than the economic life that has been set, which is 10 years, so that the plan to add 1 unit of kumbung is feasible. Based on the calculation of the profitability index above, it is obtained 5.2, this indicates that the plan to add 1 unit of kumbung is feasible because the PI value is > 1

Economic Feasibility of Kemojo Cake Products Using Stevia Extract (Stevia rebaudiana B.)

This study aims to determine the feasibility of kemojo cake products using stevia as a sweetener produced on an industrial scale. The research method used a descriptive method with mathematical analysis. The research begins with making assumptions and analysing parameters, components and cost structure, investment funding requirements and working capital. These parameters calculate production, revenue, and cash flow projections. Determination of the economic feasibility of kemojo cake products with Net Present Value (NPV), Incremental Rate of Return (IRR), Net B/C and Pay Back Period (PBP). The assumption of a year's production of kemojo cakes is 31,680 boxes for at IDR 35,000.00/box. The proportion of capital comes from 60% own capital and 40% credit. The average operational costs per year are IDR 675,083,359.00, variable costs IDR 549,813,919.00 and fixed costs IDR 125,269,440.00. The average income per year is IDR 1,108,800,000.00 while expenses are IDR 770,378,416.00. The profit earned was IDR 287,658,346. Profit on sales of 20.40% with 15% tax per year. This business BEP occurs in sales of an average value of Rp 338,421,584 or 25.94% of production capacity per year. The results showed that the NPV was Rp 279,583,647, the IRR was 79%, and the Net B/C was 2.22 times. Based on existing criteria or assumptions, this business is feasible to carry out with PBP for two years, or the capital invested in this business can be returned before the project ends (3 years).
 

Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative Vehicular Fuel in Tanzania: Implementation, Barriers, and Prospects

This paper presents the implementation of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in Tanzania’s road transportation sector. The peculiarity of this analysis is the evaluation of the technical and economic performance of the converted gasoline and diesel engines to use compressed natural gas (CNG) as the cleanest-burning hydrocarbon. The technical performance involved vehicle mileage (MiCNG), fuel consumption (Fcons), speed drop, engine fuel enhancement (Fenh), and fuel saving, while the economic performance involved conversion cost (Cc), fuel cost saving (FCsaving), and payback (PB). Considering the conversion of gasoline vehicles, the MiCNG could reach an average of 100 to 500 km per filling, depending on the CNG cylinder size. The Fenh and fuel saving were ranging between 1.9 and 3.9 and 71 and 78%. With a proportion of 30:70 diesel-CNG fuel, the heavy-duty truck with 180 kg of CNG could reach 1300 km, saving about 440 L, which is 78.6% per roundtrip, while the medium passenger car with 15 kg of CNG could reach 350 km, presenting a fuel saving of about 75%. From an economic point of view, gasoline retrofitted NGVs cost about 50 to 200 TZS/km, yielding a fuel cost saving of up to 79% and starting to pay off between 2 and 7 months or 10,000 and 40,000 km, depending on the engine capacity. Considering dual fuel, the heavy-duty truck consumes about 496 TZS/km, saving about 62.3% of diesel fuel and starting to pay off after 2.5 months or 29,304 km. To conclude, NGV technologies have been successfully implemented in Tanzania’s road transportation sector, presenting significant fuel savings and reducing reliance on imported oil. While taking measures, this study paves a way for Tanzania and other sub-Saharan countries to promote NGV growth.

Comparative Analysis of the Economic Viability between Integrated and Conventional Production in Semi-Intensive Shrimp Farming of Litopenaeus vannamei in Brazil

We performed simulations to analyse the economic viability between conventional production (CP) and integrated production (IP) regimes of marine shrimp in ponds under semi-intensive culture in Brazil. The structural and operational characteristics of CP and the zootechnical parameters associated with shrimp production, were defined based on a systematic literature review through the application of the PRISMA method. The structural and operational characteristics, management strategies and zootechnical parameters of integrated production were estimated based on the principles and practices determined by Brazilian legislation and IP international concepts applied for shrimp farming presented in the technical and scientific literature. Comparisons between economic and financial viability of CP and IP were performed through the diagnosis (inventory) of the activities, processes, equipment and inputs that compose the operation of a hypothetical semi-intensive shrimp pond farm. In addition to the cash flows prepared for the two scenarios, the net present value (NPV), gross revenue (GR), operational profit (OP), payback (PB), benefit/cost (B/C) and internal rate of return (IRR) of the CP and IP were estimated. Implementation of specific technical standards (STS) represented the highest costs. The NPV of the CP was USD 758,147.70 and of the IP was USD 97,452.54. The GR was USD 545,2565.00 for CP and USD 364,422.24 for PI. The PF estimated for the CP was USD 217,300.56, whereas that for IP was USD 68,416.72. The PB was estimated for one year for both scenarios. The B/C ratio was 1.66 for CP and 1.23 for IP. The IRR values for CP and IP were 35% and 7%, respectively. IP presented lower economic and financial indicators than those of CP. The results obtained here may be useful as a starting point for the reduction of economic differences between conventional and integrated ventures and for the feasibility of integrated production in shrimp farming.

Technoeconomic evaluation of insulated building integrated photovoltaic system as a building envelope

Buildings integrated PV envelopes plays a substantial role in making the building energy efficient in nature. The envelopes have a multi-disciplinary benefits ranging from power generation to building aesthetics. In this paper an economics evaluation of the BIPV envelopes (Roof and Wall) was calculated by replacing the conventional building materials. For the analysis a Lower Income Group (LIG) single unit house with a BIPV roof and wall area of 48.5 m2 and 18 m2 respectively was proposed.The purpose of this evaluation is to compare the cost-economics of different BIPV envelopes (facade and wall) with the base case of RCC roof and wall. The economic attributes depicts that with the Pay Back Period (PBP) of 6.1–6.21 years and higher Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 29.4–29.8%, the insulated BIPV roof + wall and BIPV roof seems feasible compared to the RCC roof. Also, the insulated BIPV envelopes seems to be economically feasible to replace the conventional envelopes.

Techno-Economic Analysis of The Ciplukan (Physalis Angulata Linn) Functional Drink Industry

The functional beverage has high prospects because it has the function to increase endurance and immunity. The ciplukan plant (Physalis angulata Linn) is a type of local wisdom typical of Indonesia and is easy to be cultivated. Ciplukan has the potential as a blood sugar-lowering for people with Type II DM (Diabetes Mellitus) sufferers because it has a high content of antioxidants and flavonoids. The ciplukan plant is also a typical Indonesian plant that has not been used optimally. Through the process of it into a functional drink, it will have added value and can increase people's income. Thereby supporting sustainable development in agriculture (SDGs). This study aims to analyze the technical-economic feasibility aspects of the ciplukan beverage industry and the selection of industrial locations. Descriptive methods were used to create an overview of situations and events. Location selection decisions using the BAYES method. The investment feasibility criteria used were Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate Return (IRR), Net Benefit and Cost Ratio (Net B/C), and Pay Back Period (PBP). The results show that the NPV value with an interest rate of 18% was Rp. 947,215,168, IRR of 22.19 % was greater than the prevailing interest rate of 18 %, and Net B/C was 1.36 greater than one. The PBP obtained was 3.94 years. Break Event Point (BEP) product sales can reach 12,853 bottles per year. The selected location was West Bandung Regency with the highest total decision value of 4.15. Based on the financial analysis and economic feasibility, it can be concluded ciplukan functional beverage industry has prospects and is feasible to run.

Investment Feasibility Analysis For Distribution Network Development of PDAM Tirta Bening Lontar Kupang City

Clean water is the most basic need for humans and other living things. In Indonesia, the government's responsibility for fulfilling clean water is regulated in article 5 of Law Number 7 of 2004 concerning Water Resources, where the state guarantees everyone's right to obtain water for minimum daily basic needs in order to fulfill a healthy, clean life. and productive. The purpose of the research based on the formulation of the problems that occur is to determine the feasibility analysis of investment in the distribution network development of PDAM Tirta Bening Lontar in Penkase Oeleta Village, Alak District, Kupang City, in terms of financial, social and economic aspects. Data collection methods used in this research are observation and literature study. Feasibility Investment Analysis using the Pay Back Period (PBP) Method, Net Present Value (NPV) Method, Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) Method, Probability Ratio (PR) and Break Event Point (BEP). Based on the results of the analysis and discussion regarding the feasibility analysis of the investment from the financial aspect with an investment assessment: Net Present Value (NVP), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Payback Period (PP) and Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) the project is feasible to implement. (NPV > 0) so the project is feasible to continue. If BCR ≥ 1, then it is said that the project is acceptable or feasible. The payback period is 4.24 years. The criteria for analyzing social and economic aspects are for regional development funds 30% and general reserve funds 15% including regional development funds of Rp. 39,515,617.00 and a general reserve fund of Rp. 19,757,809.00.

Economic Analysis of Inland Fish Production in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka

Indian fisheries and aquaculture is an important sector of food production, providing nutritional security to the food basket, contributing to the agricultural exports and engaging about 14 million people in different activities. The present study was aimed to analyze economic and financial feasibility of inland fish production in Vijayapur and Bagalkote districts of northern dry zone of Karnataka. Primary data required for the study was collected from 60 sample farmers, 30 from each district in the study area for the year 2018-19. Financial feasibility tools (Pay Back Period, Net Present Values, Internal Rate of Returns and Benefit-Cost Ratio) were used to fulfill the specific objective. The total capital investment in inland fish farming of per pond was Rs.73309. The total cost involved for fish production was highest in Vijayapur district Rs.46782.28/pond/year compared to Bagalkote district Rs.38794.6/pond/year. The inland fish farming was financially feasible in both the districts as evidenced by Pay Back Period which is less than two years, net present value Rs.264047.50 in Vijayapur and Rs.246991.9 in Bagalkote districts, B:C ratio (1.84) in Vijayapur district, (1.92) in Bagalkote district and internal rate of returns higher than the opportunity cost of capital with 43 per cent and 45 per cent in Vijayapur and Bagalkote districts respectively.