Pavement Condition Index Values Research Articles

Analysis of Road Damage Level Using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Method on the Surabaya-Gresik Toll Road, East Java

The Surabaya–Gresik toll road is a crucial infrastructure connecting Surabaya City with Gresik Regency. In industrial areas such as Gresik Regency, this toll road is indeed needed to expedite the flow of industrial goods distribution to Surabaya City. The toll road experiences frequent damage, such as alligator cracking, as it is traversed daily by heavy traffic. If the road, as a connecting infrastructure, is damaged, it will impede the flow of vehicles passing through it. Therefore, road maintenance is necessary to ensure optimal service for passing vehicles. In this research, an analysis of road damage on the Surabaya – Gresik toll road seeks solutions for addressing these issues utilizing the method of Pavement Condition Index (PCI). The method involves several stages, including a survey of road conditions, determination of severity levels, assessment of damage, and determination of pavement condition. The survey was conducted in 100-meter segments from KM 10 to KM 14, revealing various types of damage on the toll road, including alligator cracking, bleeding, corrugation, shoving, potholes, and more. Thereafter, an analysis of the severity level and damage assessment was carried out, resulting in an average PCI value of 68, categorized as a "Good" condition. Based on these findings, it is recommended to address this issue through routine maintenance, including repairing minor damage, patching potholes, sweeping, repairing pavement edge damage, sidewalk maintenance, side channel and complementary building drainage, road equipment, and roadside maintenance.

Identification of Road Pavement Conditions in the Tanjung Balai City Road Section

Each region will try to increase its original income and the quality of existing infrastructure in that area. In order to realize this goal, quality infrastructure is needed to support economic development activities and good quality infrastructure. One of the infrastructure needed in this case is the road, where the intended road must have good conditions and quality so that it can function as it should. Where the condition of a good road is a road with good condition is a road with a completely flat pavement surface, no waves and no surface damage. For this reason, it is necessary to identify the condition of the pavement on existing roads in an area, so that the main goal of increasing income and infrastructure can be realized. One of the cities that can be used as a reference for identifying road pavement conditions is the City of Tanjung Balai, where the City of Tanjung Balai is located between 2°58′00″ North Latitude and 99°48′00″ East Longitude. Its area is 60.52 km2. The city of Tanjung Balai also has the longest bridge in the province of North Sumatra along ± 600 m which connects the city of Tanjung Balai with the villages of Sei Kepayang Kiri, Sei Kepayang Tengah to the upstream area in Sei Kepayang Kanan, Asahan district. Identification of road pavement conditions can be done using several methods, one of several methods that can be used is the PCI (Pavement Condition Index) method. Where this method is carried out by measuring the area of road surface damage, determining the level of damage to the road surface by looking at the Deduct Value chart, calculating level of damage occurs on the road surface (density), calculating Total Deduct Value (TDV), calculating Corrected Deduct Value (CDV), calculating PCI values and determining the level of the road, whether it is still feasible or not feasible. From the identification results it was found that on A. Rahman Road, there are several types of damage with varying levels of damage and the deduct value can be determined by looking at the graph, such as holes/potholes (low) damage, shoving with high damage, ravelling with high damage, basin cracks with high damage. Then on SMA 3 Road, there are several types of damage such as high crocodile skin cracks, patch damage with high damage levels, medium damage (medium) damage to basins. Next on Prof. Dr. Ir. Sutami / Education road there are types of holes / potholes (low) damage, grade depression with medium damage, patches with medium (medium) damage levels, ravelling with medium damage levels. And on Husni Thamrin Road, there are several types of damage such as holes/potholes (low) damage, basin cracks with high damage, ravelling with high damage levels. The results of this identification can be used as a reference for maintaining or improving the quality of existing roads in urban areas.

Evaluating Pavement Condition Index and Maintenance Management using Artificial Neural Networks

The pavement condition index (PCI) calculates pavement conditions based on current distresses. In traditional PCI calculation, a visual inspection method collects field data such distresses and stiffness. Data helps anticipate PCI values, a lengthy and difficult process. This research aims to create a simple, adaptable model that shows how PCIs, torments, and stiffness relate. Artificial neural networks (ANN) forecast PCI values for various parts, eliminating manual labour and specialized procedures. Based on distresses, the PCI estimates pavement conditions. For typical PCI intentions, a visual inspection device collects field data such distresses and stiffness. The data allows time-consuming and complicated PCI estimation. This study seeks to construct a simple, extensible model that links PCIs, torments, and rigidity. ANN prediction part PCI values, eliminating the need for manual labour and specialized technologies.

Analysis of Types of Flexible Pavement Damage Using the Pavement Condition Index Method

Roads are land transportation infrastructure that is very important in facilitating economic relations and other social activities. If road damage occurs, it will not only result in the obstruction of other economic and social activities but can also cause accidents for road users. The aim of this research is to explain the types of damage to the surface layer of flexible pavement and to find out the index value of the pavement condition index for Jalan Kreteg-Lebak Jaya based on the PCI (Pavement Condition Index) method so that the results can be used in preparing road maintenance programs. The results of this research in segment 1 showed 4 types of damage, namely edge cracks, patches, holes, weathering, and loose granules, with a PCI value of 22, very poor pavement conditions using this type of treatment. reconstruction/recycling. In segment 2, there were 4 types of damage, namely edge cracks, patches, holes, weathering, and loose granules with a PCI value of 26 in poor pavement conditions using the type of reconstruction or recycling treatment. In segment 3, there were 3 types of damage: holes, slip cracks, weathering, and loose granules with a PCI value of 46. Fair pavement conditions using reconstruction or recycling treatment in segment 4, there were 4 types of damage, namely crocodile skin cracks, edge cracks, holes, weathering, and loose granules, with a PCI value of 29 for poor pavement conditions using the type of reconstruction or recycling treatment.

Modified Asphalt with Graphene-Enhanced Polymeric Compound: A Case Study

In recent years, the increased use of heavy commercial vehicles with higher axle weights has required the development of innovative technologies to improve the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete conglomerates, such as fatigue resistance and rutting. This study offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of different types of asphalt concrete tested in four trial sections (S1, S2, S3, S4) of the SP3 Ardeatina rural road in Rome, under actual traffic and operational conditions. More precisely, the pavement technologies applied include modified asphalt concrete with graphene and recycled hard plastics for S1, asphalt concrete modified with styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) for S2, asphalt concrete with a standard polymeric compound for S3, and traditional asphalt concrete for S4. The evaluation approach involved visual inspections in order to calculate the pavement condition index (PCI) and falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests. In addition, back-calculation analyses were performed using ELMOD software to assess the mechanical properties. The laboratory tests revealed superior properties of M1 in terms of its resistance to permanent deformations (+13%, +15%, and +19.5% compared to M2, M3, and M4, respectively) and stiffness (10,758 MPa for M1 vs. 9259 MPa, 7643 MPa, and 7289 MPa for M2, M3, and M4, respectively). These findings were further corroborated by the PCI values (PCIS1 = 65; PCIS2 = 17; PCIS3 = 28; PCIS4 = 29) as well as the FWD test results after 5 years of investigation, which suggests greater durability and resistance than the other sections.

Assessment of road pavement conditions using Surface Distress Index (SDI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) methods

Road pavement is an important element in transportation infrastructure that affects the comfort and safety of road users. It is important to carry out regular assessments of the condition of the road pavement. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the road pavement using the Surface Distress Index (SDI) and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) methods. It is collecting field data regarding the condition of the road pavement, including the type and extent of existing damage. This data is then analyzed using the formula that has been determined in the SDI and PCI methods. In the research that has been done, the average SDI value for flexible pavement for Jalan Gunung Agung is 18 (Good) and the average PCI value is 63.8 (Good). The technical measures that can be applied to the flexible pavement of Jalan Gunung Agung are P2 (Asphalt), P4 (Filling cracks), P5 (Filling holes), and P6 (Gravelling).

JENIS KERUSAKAN JALAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PCI PADA LOKASI JALAN PALAPA RAYA SEPANJANG 7 KM DI DESA TANJUNG PASIR KECAMATAN PEMULUTAN KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR

Types of Road Damage Using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Method (Case Study:Palapa Raya Street, Pemulutan Sta.0+000s/d0+7000) a system for assessing road damage conditions based on the type and level of damage that occurs, and can be used as a reference in business road maintenance. High traffic loads cause a lot of damage, thus disrupting driving comfort and safety. The aim of this research is to assess the condition of damage to Palapa Raya Street, Pemulutan Sta. 1+300 to 1+400. The research was carried out visually using the Pavement Condition Index method. Palapa Raya Road with a length of 7 km is divided into several segments with a size of 70m per segment. Each segment is evaluated by measuring dimensions, identifying the type and level of damage to obtain a PCI value. The results of the analysis show that the damage that occurred included cracked crocodile skin, obesity, aggregate wear, and holes. Average PCI value for Jalan Palapa Raya Sta. Sta.0+000s/d0+7000 is categorized as being in very bad condition (Very poor), so it needs serious treatment from the government to immediately carry out repairs before the damage becomes worse.

Evaluation of Pavement Condition Based on the Value of Surface Distress Index and Pavement Condition Index on the Road Section of Gedong Tataan - Kedondong, Pesawaran

Good road infrastructure conditions can stimulate the economic growth of an area. Therefore, routine road maintenance is carried out by its administrators. One of the road sections that needs improvement is the Gedong Tataan - Kedondong road section. The Gedong Tataan - Kedondong section is a provincial road with a length of 16.67 kilometers. To predict the pavement condition on the road section, an assessment method is required for identification. This method is used as one of the tools to assess pavement damage on a road section, and the methods used are the Surface Distress Index (SDI) and the Pavement Condition Index (PCI). The research results show a PCI (Pavement Condition Index) value of 73%, indicating that the road pavement condition is very good, and routine maintenance is required. Meanwhile, with the SDI (Surface Distress Index) method, a value of 65 is obtained, indicating that the road falls into the fair category, and the appropriate treatment options include patching and overlay. Another implication is to allocate the budget wisely for road maintenance. Information from these two indices helps in determining improvement priorities. Routine maintenance can be a better investment in the long term than letting road conditions deteriorate.

Analisis Kerusakan Jalan dan Penanganannya Pada Ruas Jalan Timor Raya Km. 4 – Km. 7

The existence of highways is very necessary to support the pace of economic growth, agriculture, and other sectors. Given the important benefits, it is for this reason that the road construction and maintenance sector is a priority to be researched and developed in implementation planning, as well as maintenance. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), identify the factors causing damage to Jalan Raya Timor Km.4-Km.7 and find out the type of repair according to the type and level of damage to Jalan Raya Timor Km.4 - Km.7. The average PCI value for Jalan Timor Raya Km.4 - Km.7 was 59.67 and there were 6 types of damage that occurred on Jalan Timor Raya Km.4 - Km.7, Oesapa Village, Kupang City, namely grain release, holes, crocodile skin cracks, bleeding, corrugation and collapse. The percentage of damage that occurs according to the type of damage is Grain Release 17.29%, Collapse 40.61%, Bleeding 31.72%, Crocodile Skin Cracks 2.44%, Holes. Factors causing damage to Jalan Timor Raya Km.4 – Km.7 include: Excessive vehicle loads so that the strength of the bottom structure of the road pavement or the road pavement structure itself is not able to carry it, poor compaction implementation, uneven or excessive use of asphalt and traffic that clears before the pavement is firmly used.

Utilization of Pavement Condition Index on Runway Pavement Sultan Babullah Ternate Airport

The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) assessment is one method used to assess the state of airport runway pavement. The runway (flexible pavement) of Sultan Babullah Ternate Airport, which has a size of 2300 m by 45 m, served as the site for PCI research in this study. The ASTM D5340-12 procedure (Standard Test Method For Airport Pavement Condition Index Surveys) was used to examine this PCI. The average PCI value of the entire sample was calculated from the results of the overall PCI study by averaging all PCI values for each sample, the results for the average PCI value of the entire sample were obtained at 60 (medium). Damage to STA 0+700 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculated value of 41, Damage to STA 0+750 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculated value of 41, Damage to STA 0+850 is on a bad scale with the value of the PCI calculation result is 31, Damage to STA 0+900 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculation result value of 36, Damage to STA 0+950 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculation result value of 34, Damage to STA 1+1050 is on a bad scale with a PCI calculation result value of 59.

Tinjauan Kerusakan dan Analisis Ulang Tebal Perkerasan Menggunakan PCI dan Analisa Komponen

This study analyzes the road conditions in Sumbawa Regency and plans pavement solutions to address road damage. The data shows that there was no significant improvement in road conditions in 2020 compared to previous years. Good and fair road conditions only accounted for 69.29% of the total road length, while damaged and heavily damaged roads accounted for 6.57% and 24.14% respectively. Jalan Osapsio is one of the roads that has been damaged due to poorly maintained drainage. This research utilizes the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method to assess the level of road damage and the Component Analysis method to design the pavement thickness. Based on the findings, several road segments exhibit different conditions. There are 13 segments with a Good rating and PCI values of 100 and 98, 1 segment with a Serious rating and a PCI value of 16, and 6 segments with a Failed rating and PCI values of 0. The segments with a Failed rating require urgent pavement reconstruction. Considering the PCI values, it is recommended to construct new pavement with appropriate thickness for the priority segments, namely a 6 cm thick Laston Surface Layer, a 20 cm thick Broken Stone Upper Base Layer, and a 15 cm thick Sirtu/Pitrum Lower Base Layer.This study provides an important contribution in understanding the road conditions in Sumbawa Regency and offers concrete solutions to address the road damage on Jalan Osapsio. The findings and research methodology are expected to serve as a reference for immediate improvements on Jalan Osapsio and provide insights for future research in Sumbawa Regency.

Penggunaan Metode Pavement Condition Index (PCI) dan Present Serviceability Index (PSI) dalam Penilaian Kerusakan Jalan di Kota Palu (Studi Kasus : Jalan Karanja Lembah, Kota Palu)

Street of Karanja Lembah is a provincial road linking Palu City and Sigi Regency. After a visual survey, the road has suffered a lot of damage, especially on its surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the pavement condition values based on the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method and the Present Serviceability Index (PSI) method, as well as to determine the type of road handling based on the PCI and PSI values obtained on these roads. The PCI method is carried out directly by dividing the road into several segments called segment units, then recording the type of damage, the dimensions of the damage, and the severity of the damage for each type of damage. In research using the PSI method, the PSI value was calculated using IRI (International Roughness Index) data obtained from the Highways Service of Central Sulawesi Province. From the results of the analysis, it was obtained that the average PCI value for Jalan Karaja Lembah was 79.95% with a "very good" pavement condition, while the average PSI value for Jalan Karaja Lembah was 2.13% with a pavement condition "moderate". For the right type of handling for the PSI and PCI methods, namely the type of periodic maintenance.

Predicting pavement condition index based on the utilization of machine learning techniques: A case study

Pavement management systems (PMS) are used by transportation government agencies to promote sustainable development and to keep road pavement conditions above the minimum performance levels at a reasonable cost. To accomplish this objective, the pavement condition is monitored to predict deterioration and determine the need for maintenance or rehabilitation at the appropriate time. The pavement condition index (PCI) is a commonly used metric to evaluate the pavement's performance. This research aims to create and evaluate prediction models for PCI values using multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and fuzzy logic inference (FIS) models for flexible pavement sections. The authors collected field data spans for 2018 and 2021. Eight pavement distress factors were considered inputs for predicting PCI values, such as rutting, fatigue cracking, block cracking, longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, patching, potholes, and delamination. This study evaluates the performance of the three techniques based on the coefficient of determination, root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that the R2 values of the ANN models increased by 51.32%, 2.02%, 36.55%, and 3.02% compared to MLR and FIS (2018 and 2021). The error in the PCI values predicted by the ANN model was significantly lower than the errors in the prediction by the FIS and MLR models.

Toward sustainable pavement: Surface Evaluation of Experimental Highway Section Containing Additives

Highway pavements are usually subjected to many types of failures “distresses” since these pavements are exposed to traffic load and weather conditions. Therefore, many agents tried to enhance the asphalt mixes to reduce the possibility and severity of distresses by adding additives to replace small amount of binder (bitumen). SBS in one of the most used additives that been used in many states. In recent years, the SBS has been used in pavement of about 1.2km to be experimental sections within Basra-Baghdad expressway. This paper examines the pavement condition index (PCI) for the experimental section after about six years form been paved and exposed to traffic. So far, only minimal distresses including cracks and potholes were recorded without reducing the initial PCI value of 100. Further work will be followed to examine the mechanical properties of the layers such as the indirect tensile strength and rutting resistance.

The Pavement Condition Index Functional Evaluation of Runway Pavement Used Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Method (Case Study : Fatmawati Soekarno Airport Provinsi Bengkulu)

Maintenance of air transportation infrastructure, in the pavement system section at Fatmawati Airport, Bengkulu Province and other airports in Indonesia, must had high performance, safety, security, reliability and sustainability. Routine inspection activities at major airports in Indonesia usually use the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method as a parameter. This journal examines handling costs, handling periods and the minimum based on the reduction in PCI values due to existing traffic loads by building several types of handling scenarios. In addition, it also evaluates the structural performance of the runway pavement. The results of the PCI value analysis show that it is decreasing every year. This decline prediction used forecasting from previously obtained data. For 2016 the PCI value obtained was 89 (satisfactory), 2017 was 83 (satisfactory), and 2018 was 73 (sufficient). Based on the PCI value of 3 years and the growth in aircraft traffic, the impairment can be calculated by modeling the equation. The PCI prediction value in 2019 is 66 (fair), the PCI value in 2020 is 60 (fair), and the PCI value in 2021 is 54 (poor). It can be concluded that the increasing growth of aircraft traffic with routine maintenance will make the PCI value on the runway pavement decrease every year.

Applications of Terrestrial Laser Scanner in Detecting Pavement Surface Defects

An entire roadway system represents a crucial element in the sustainable urban transportation planning process. Pavement surfaces are at continual risk of accumulating serious deteriorations and defects throughout their service life due to traffic loading and environmental impact. Since roadway networks are growing rapidly, relying on visual pavement inspection is not always feasible. Therefore, this paper proposes an effective assessment method for evaluating flexible pavement surface distresses using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and calculating the pavement condition index (PCI). The proposed terrestrial laser scanner method results in road condition assessments becoming faster, safer, and more systematic. It also aims to determine the geometric characteristics of the investigated roads. A major road in Egypt was selected to test the proposed technique and compare it with the traditional visual inspection method. The evaluation was carried out to assess different types of pavement distress, such as cracking, rutting, potholes, and raveling distresses. Every pavement distress was defined in terms of surface area, the width of the crack, and intensity, and the data from TLS were then processed by MAGNET COLLAGE software. A MATLAB program was developed to match the TLS observational data to plane equations. PAVER software was also used to determine the PCI values for each TLS position. The revealed distresses for the investigated road using TLS observations reveal a significant improvement in determining flexible pavement distresses and geometric characteristics.

Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Analysis In Measuring Road Damage Levels and Its Effect on Vehicle Speed in Lembar-Sekotong-Lombok Barat Road Segment

As a means of transportation, the position and role of the road network in essence concern the livelihoods of many people to maintain the sustainability and service quality of these roads. If the road section is damaged, it will have a significant impact on the condition of the traffic flow. Many road damages occur due to the high use of the road which causes a high volume of vehicles, overloaded vehicles, rainwater runoff or poor drainage systems and others. The Sheet-Sekotong-Pelangan road section is a provincial road section located in West Lombok Regency, NTB. This road segment has been damaged in several road segments and disrupted traffic flow so it requires handling. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to determine the level of road damage using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method and to determine the effect on vehicle speed and to find recommendations that are appropriate to the level of road damage. This study includes a visual survey to determine the condition of road damage and vehicle speed. The analysis used to determine the effect of road damage on vehicle speed is Simple Linear Regression. The results of the analysis show that the R square value is 0.893, which means that road damage has an influence on vehicle speed of 89.3%. Regression model y (vehicle speed) = 9.012 + 0.581x (PCI), which means that if the PCI 9.012 variable increases by 1 unit or 1%, the vehicle speed will increase by 0.581 units or by 58.1%. The lower the PCI value, the slower the vehicle speed will be. Conversely, the greater the PCI value, the faster the vehicle speed.

Evaluation of functional and structural conditions on flexible pavements using pavement condition index (PCI) and international roughness index (IRI) methods

Road quality degradation affecting on safety and comfort of road users. It is necessary to carry out regular assessments of the functional and structural condition of the pavement. Evaluation of functional and structural conditions is carried out to maintain the good quality of road services. This research aims to evaluate the functional and structural conditions using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method and the functional condition of the road using the International Roughness Index (IRI) method. The tool used in testing functional conditions is the Hawkeye 2000 car which generates Pavement Condition Index data for each road segment, then calculates the average PCI value and the conditions on the road segment. From the analysis of the functional condition of the road pavement, the Pavement Condition Index value was obtained for Kudus East Ring Road Section at 57.05 (Fair), Pati Ring Road Section at 60.57 (Fair), and Wangon-Menganti Road Section at 78.35 (Satisfactory). From the results of the analysis of the functional condition of the road pavement, the International Roughness Index value was obtained for Kudus East Ring Road Section at 5.16 (Medium), Pati Ring Road Section at 4.94 (Medium), and Wangon-Menganti Road Section at 4.64 (Medium). The results of the correlation of the 2 parameters using SPSS on each successive road section show "weak correlation" with r = 0.2754; "moderate correlation" with r = 0.5534; and "no correlation" with r = 0.0435.

Remaining service life prediction using road structure performance data with pavement condition index (PCI) and Benkelman beam (BB) methods

The design life of a road is the amount of time a road can take from the time the road is used until the road requires major repairs. The inability of a pavement to reach its design life can be caused by several factors. These factors cause the uncertainty of the service life of the road, so that the remaining service life of the pavement becomes difficult to predict. This study will discuss the condition of the road pavement and predict the remaining service life on the Losari - Pejagan road, Demak ring road, and Rembang - Bulu road sections using the PCI (Pavement Condition Index) and Benkelman Beam (BB) methods. Based on the analysis of road condition assessment, the average PCI value for the Losari - Pejagan road section is 45.76 (poor), for the Demak Ring road section is 74.63 (satisfactory), and for the Rembang - Bulu road section is 50.41 (poor). The results of the analysis of the remaining service life using the PCI method found that 67.2% of all segments on the three road had a remaining service life of less than a year and 32.8% of all segments had a remaining service life of more than 1 year. Using the BB method, it was found that the remaining service life of 93.7% segments on the three road are less than a year and 6.7% segments are more than 1 year.

Road Pavement Condition Index as a Method to Analyze the Level of Road Damage

The pavement Condition Index (PCI) method serves to measure the severity of pavement damage based on 3 main categories: (1) type of damage, (2) severity of damage, and (3) amount or density of damage. PCI is a numerical index whose values range from 0 to 100. A value of 0 indicates the pavement was in very damaged condition, while a value of 100 indicates that the pavement was still excellent. A survey was conducted on Jalan Tregguli - Welahan along � 1 km divided into several segments to identify road damage. Each segment was 100 m apart. PCI for Trengguli - Welahan road segment which belonged to 0 � 10 (failed) of 0%, 11 � 25 (very bad) of 11%, 26 � 40 (bad) of 28%, 41 � 55 (moderate) of 8%, 56 � 70 (good) of 12%, 71 � 85 (very good) of 19%, and 86 � 100 (Perfect) of 22%, The average PCI for Trengguli Welahan road segment is of 54.36. The findings classified road damages into road patches, longitudinal/transverse cracks, holes, and joint cracks. The PCI value is 54.36 (medium). Based on data on the PCI value and the percentage of damage on the road of Trengguli - Welahan, there is a high correlation between the two variables.