Patty Formulations Research Articles

Development and characterization of tilapia skin collagen-inulin oleogel as the potential fat substitute in beef patty formulations

The effects of inulin addition, olive oil content, and ultrasonic treatment on the rheological, texture, and structural properties of collagen-based oleogels were investigated in this study. Furthermore, the fat substitution ability of the oleogel in low-fat beef patties was evaluated. Initially, a uniform and dense network cross-linked structure was found when the ratio of collagen to inulin complex was 1:5. The oleogel sample exhibited good stability and oil binding ability with an additional amount of 50 % olive oil. Ultrasonic treatment improved the stability of the oleogel structure in all samples. Additionally, the addition of inulin reduced cooking loss in beef patties. Beef patties prepared at a 50 % fat substitution level showed physical properties that were the least different from those of pure adipose tissue (control group), which could significantly reduce the content of saturated fatty acids and improve the storage stability of beef patties. This study provided guidance for the application of collagen-inulin oleogel in food processing.

Coffee Silverskin as a Fat Replacer in Chicken Patty Formulation and Its Effect on Physicochemical, Textural, and Sensory Properties

Coffee silverskin (CSS) is a by-product released as waste after roasting coffee beans. This by-product can be used as a functional food ingredient as it contains many valuable compounds such as fibers, sugars, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and flavonoids. In this research, the effects of the partial substitution of animal fat with CSS on physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties in chicken patty production were investigated. For this purpose, four different groups of chicken patties were produced in which animal fat was replaced with CSS at different rates (control: 12% fat, SS1: 10% fat + 2% silverskin, SS2: 8% fat + 4% silverskin, SS3: 6% fat + 6% silverskin). The substitution of animal fat with CSS resulted in decreases in pH, moisture content, water activity, and color values while increasing TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and moisture retention. The cooking process also significantly affected the physicochemical properties (p < 0.01). Textural parameters, apart from adhesiveness, were affected by the replacement of animal fat with CSS. While hardness increased compared to the control, resilience, and springiness decreased. On the other hand, cohesiveness was similar in control and SS1 but decreased in other ratios. The use of CSS affected all sensory characteristics, and the sensory evaluation scores closest to the control were determined in the group that used 2% CSS instead of animal fat.

Enhancing Food-Entrepreneurship Skills of University Students Through Training in Burger Production And Its Entrepreneurial Experience

Burgers are processed foods that are interesting to develop as one of the entrepreneurs' products. Training in burger making and providing entrepreneurial experience to the participants as a form of community service were conducted. Implementation of this activity includes preparation, participant admission, production training, and product selling. Patty formulation, patty molding, contact grilling, burger plating, packaging, and selling were conducted during practice. From this activity, enhancing the knowledge and skill of participants during production in the processing room and selling in campus areas are significant to creating the essential entrepreneur ability. The development of character and spirit of entrepreneurship and profit gaining during selling represents the enlarged passion of the participant toward the real entrepreneurship environment. Further guidance is required to encourage the participant to transform into a start-up business

Incorporation of Sea Spaghetti (Himanthalia elongata) in Low-Salt Beef Patties: Effect on Sensory Profile and Consumer Hedonic and Emotional Response.

Seaweed is a naturally rich source of nutrients and exhibits techno-functional properties that are under study for their potential as ingredients in meat products. However, seaweed is associated with a particular flavor profile, and optimization of the sensory profile should be conducted alongside technical performance. This study investigated the feasibility of the application of sea spaghetti (Himanthalia elongata) in the production of low-salt beef patties and recorded the associated sensory profile and consumer hedonic-emotional response. Eight beef patty formulations with varying salt (0-1%) and seaweed (0-5%) contents were subjected to quantitative descriptive analysis via a trained sensory panel (n = 8) and six the formulations were selected for consumer testing (liking, emotional associations, saltiness perception, and purchase intent) by a group of 105 Irish resident consumers. The trained panel results showed that the intensity of seaweed odor, flavor, and visual presence in burgers was negatively related to the intensity of beef odor and flavor and that seaweed addition (5%) significantly increased the saltiness perception of low-salt burgers. Burgers with 1% added seaweed, although perceived by consumers as less salty, could substitute NaCl in low-salt beef patties without deterioration of their liking among regular burger consumers. Consumers associated all seaweed-containing samples, especially those containing 1% of sea spaghetti, with being good, pleasant, satisfied, and warm. The higher inclusion of sea spaghetti (2.5%) led to significantly lower overall liking and reduced purchase intent, while consumers associated this formulation with emotions such as being more adventurous, aggressive, and wild. Consumers who rejected seaweed burgers had the highest level of food neophobia and avoided foods with additives. The results demonstrate that 1% sea spaghetti seaweed can be successfully incorporated into low-salt beef patties, resulting in hedonic and emotional benefits without significantly increasing the salt content.

Physicochemical Properties and Nutritional Composition of Chicken Patties with Grey Oyster Mushroom Stems

The application of plant-based waste materials as functional food ingredients in meat products has gained popularity owing to their nutritional richness and contributions to the circular economy and environmental protection. As such, mushroom stems are one of the potential ingredients to be used in muscle products as a meat alternative, as they mimic the texture of meat. Therefore, this study aims to determine the physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of chicken patties with grey oyster mushroom stems. In this study, five formulations of chicken patties were prepared with different ratios of chicken meat to the grey oyster mushroom stem: control (65%:0%), A (55%:10%), B (45%:20%), C (35%:30%), and D (25%:40%). The chicken patties were analysed for cooking characteristics, physicochemical properties, and nutritional composition. Results found that the grey oyster mushroom stem-based patties recorded higher (P<0.05) cooking yield and moisture retention as compared to the control. The addition of grey oyster mushroom stems increased (P<0.05) the lightness (L*) due to the white colour of the grey oyster mushroom stems. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in all formulations of patties' hardness, chewiness, springiness, and cohesiveness attributes, but the increment of grey oyster mushroom stems in chicken patties decreased the value of all these attributes. Nutritional composition of chicken patty of formulation D (40% grey oyster mushroom stems) recorded significantly the highest (P<0.05) moisture and crude fibre compared to other formulations. In addition, the energy content of chicken patties significantly decreased (P<0.05) proportionally with increasing levels of grey oyster mushroom stems. This study indicated that grey oyster mushroom waste is a promising meat alternative ingredient that has great potential to be used in attaining meat products with enhanced nutritional and sustainability profiles in the current sector.

Inclusion of Beef Heart in Ground Beef Patties Alters Quality Characteristics and Consumer Acceptability as Assessed by the Application of Electronic Nose and Tongue Technology.

Consumer purchasing of beef is often driven by the trinity of flavor, palatability, and convenience. Currently, beef patties in the United States are manufactured with fat and lean trimmings derived from skeletal muscles. A reduction in total beef supply may require the use of animal by-product utilization such as variety meats to achieve patty formulations. The current study aimed to assess textural, color, and flavor characteristics in addition to volatile compounds through electronic technology, e-nose and e-tongue, of ground beef patties formulated with beef heart. Ground beef patties were manufactured with 0%, 6%, 12%, or 18% beef heart, with the remainder of the meat block being shoulder clod-derived ground beef. Patties (n = 65/batch/treatment) within each batch (n = 3) with each treatment were randomly allocated to cooked color (n = 17/batch/treatment), Allo-Kramer shear force (AKSF; n = 17/batch/treatment), texture profile analysis (TPA; n = 6/batch/treatment), cooking loss (n = 17/batch/treatment), consumer panel (n = 3/batch/treatment), e-nose (n = 1/batch/treatment), and e-tongue (n = 1/batch/treatment) analysis groups. Patties containing beef heart did not require additional cooking time (p = 0.1325) nor exhibit greater cooking loss (p = 0.0803). Additionally, inclusion rates of beef heart increased hardness (p = 0.0030) and chewiness values (p = 0.0316) in TPA, were internally redder (p = 0.0001), and reduced overall liking by consumer panelists (p = 0.0367). Lastly, patties containing beef heart exhibited greater red-to-brown (p = 0.0003) and hue angle (p = 0.0001) values than control patties. The results suggest that beef heart inclusion does alter ground beef quality characteristics and consumer acceptability.

Effects of Salt Reduction and the Inclusion of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) on the Physicochemical Properties of Chicken Patties

This study investigates the effect of salt reduction through the inclusion of seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) on the physicochemical and sensory qualities of chicken patties. A control sample (1.5% salt and without seaweed) and four chicken patty formulations were used with two levels of salt (1% and 1.5%) and two levels of seaweed (2% and 4%). Adding seaweed improves water holding capacity and minimized cooking loss in reduced-salt patties. In addition, adding seaweed decreases the shrinkage of the diameter and thickness of chicken patties (p > 0.05). However, adding seaweed made the patties darker, as shown by lower L* values (p > 0.05). Additionally, the incorporation of seaweed significantly increased (p < 0.05) the hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and elasticity of patties. Reduced-salt chicken patties with the addition of 2–4% of seaweed showed lower extracted water than 1.5% salt chicken patties with seaweed (p < 0.05), indicating a higher water holding capacity. The sensory evaluation showed that the chicken patty with 1.5% salt and 4% seaweed had the highest overall acceptability. However, the overall acceptability of the chicken patties with 1% salt and 4% seaweed was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control. In conclusion, the addition of Kappaphycus alvarezii to reduced salt patties improved textural properties with acceptable taste profiles.

Influence of soaking and solvent extraction for deodorization of texturized pea protein isolate on the formulation and properties of hybrid meat patties.

Hybrid batters constitute the base for the processing of cooked and dry meat analogues. The use of texturized plant proteins in their formulation is a key strategy to reduce the consumption of animal proteins, although off-flavors present in these plant proteins often cause sensory rejection. The aim was to study the effect of a deodorization process of pea protein, for their use in hybrid meat batters at different percentages of substitution. Hybrid patties with higher percentages of pea protein showed higher values of yellowness, pH, and water activity, whereas hardness was reduced. Soaking treatment with ethanol for deodorization of the texturized pea protein increased humidity and pH in all patties but reduced the textural properties (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness). The addition of oat flour improved the patty texture at higher percentages of pea protein, but in soaked deodorized patty formulations it affected volatile retention. Volatile compounds related to off-flavors (aldehydes, alcohols, acid compounds, ketones, and pyrazines) appeared significantly increased as the pea percentage increased, although these were efficiently removed by the soaking deodorizing process applied. Soaking of the texturized pea protein with ethanol is an effective strategy to reduce off-flavors in hybrid meat patties. However, it produces changes in the textural characteristics by the solubilization of the proteins of the texturized pea, reducing the availability to form a network and affecting volatile retention. The formulation of hybrid batter should be controlled in all sensory aspects for the processing of cooked and dry cured meat product analogues. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Elaboration and evaluation of chicken burger patty added with oregano extract as a natural antioxidant

This study aimed to evaluate chicken burger patties added with oregano extract as a natural antioxidant. A hydroalcoholic extract of dehydrated oregano was prepared. The lyophilized extract was evaluated for antioxidant activity by the Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods. Chicken burger patty formulations were prepared with the addition of lyophilized oregano extract at different concentrations: 0.00% (control formulation - C), 0.25% (NA1), 0.50% (NA2), 0.75% (NA3), and a formulation with the addition of 0.25% sodium erythorbate, a synthetic antioxidant (SA). The burger patties were evaluated for pH, water activity, lipid oxidation, yield, shrinkage, color, and texture. The oregano extract showed 182.38 g GAE g−1 of reducing capacity, 2531.13 mmol Trolox g−1 for antioxidant activity by FRAP, 2.16 mmol Trolox g−1 for ABTS, and an EC50 for DPPH of 33.88 g extract g−1 DPPH. The addition of oregano extract did not change the parameters of pH, water activity, shrinkage, and texture profile of the burger patties. The burger patties added with 0.50% (NA2) and 0.75% (NA3) of oregano extract were darker, less reddish, and more yellowish than C, NA1, and SA burger patties. Formulations NA1, NA2, NA3, and SA did not differ from each other regarding lipid oxidation at 60 days of storage, but with values significantly lower than formulation C (without antioxidants). Furthermore, an increase in TBARS values was observed during the storage period for formulations C and SA, which was not observed for formulations with the addition of natural antioxidants (NA1, NA2, and NA3). Oregano extract showed antioxidant properties evaluated by different methods, demonstrating the potential to be used as a substitute for synthetic antioxidants in foods. The addition of 0.25% of oregano extract in chicken burger patties led to lower lipid oxidation without compromising color, texture, and yield parameters, being considered the ideal concentration for application.

Effects of incorporating conjugated linoleic acid into hamburger patties and whey protein isolate based edible film formulation on lipid oxidation and microbial growth in hamburger patties

This research aimed to inhibit lipid oxidation and microbial growth in cooked hamburger patties during 60 d refrigerated storage by utilization of CLA in both hamburger patty and a whey protein isolate (WPI) based edible film (EF) formulations. Vacuum packaged hamburger patties were stored at 4°C and analyzed for pH, color and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60, and microbiological analysis on days 0, 30 and 60 during 60 d storage. The addition of CLA into film or patty formulation generally caused a decrease in pH and a* values, and an increase in L* and b* values of hamburger patties (p < .05). The samples with CLA or packaged with CLA incorporated film exhibited lower TBARS and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) values compared to those without CLA after 60 d storage (p < .05). The study results revealed that utilization of CLA in both hamburger patty and edible film formulation may be applied by the packaging industry for retarding oxidative changes and preventing microbial spoilage in meat and meat products. Novelty impact statement Utilization of CLA in both hamburger patty and edible film formulations can be an effective approach for the meat industry to achieve effective inhibition of lipid oxidation and microbial spoilage in ready-to-meat products.

Antioxidant Effect of Pumpkin Flower (Cucurbita maxima) in Chicken Patties.

In this work, the antioxidant effect of pumpkin flower powder was evaluated in chicken patties. For this purpose, three drying methods were proposed to obtain the pumpkin flower powder and preserve its properties (antioxidants, color, odor): foam-mat drying, freeze drying, and oven drying. The drying process of the powder plays an important role in the conservation of bioactive compounds. The foam-mat drying method would allow the preservation of these compounds after cooking and after cold storage due to encapsulation like mechanism of the added proteins. Thus, these powders were selected as the most adequate vehicle to incorporate in the formulation, since patties with these additives presented the better antioxidant scores for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP even after 7 days of storage. In addition, total polyphenolic content and the presence or thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were better scored in samples with the pumpkin flowers. The incorporation of the pumpkin flower additives in the patty formulation improved sensorial attributes of the chicken patties and consumers acceptance after cold storage.

Inhibition of Protein and Lipid Oxidation in Ready-to-Eat Chicken Patties by a Spondias mombin L. Bagasse Phenolic-Rich Extract.

This study evaluated the impact of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) bagasse extract (YMBE) on the color degradation, protein and lipid oxidation in ready-to-eat chicken patties during 15 days of refrigerated storage. Two formulations of chicken patties were developed: chicken patties control - PCON (without the antioxidant extract) and chicken patties with yellow mombin extract - PYME (with the antioxidant extract). The extract was effective in maintaining red color and inhibiting myoglobin degradation in the evaluated samples. The generation of lipid oxidation compounds during storage of the treated samples was delayed by 92.37% for peroxide index, 89.89% for conjugated dienes, 74.29% for tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and 92.55% for ρ-anisidine compared to the control samples. Moreover, the addition of YMBE inhibited the formation of carbonyl compounds during cold storage compared to the control samples. Extracts obtained from the yellow mombin bagasse act as a good natural antioxidant for ready-to-eat chicken patties inhibiting protein and lipid oxidative damage during cold storage, being a potential preservative to replace synthetic antioxidants in meat products.

Colour and chemical characteristics of patty burger added with red fruit paste (Pandanus conoideus Lamk)

Red fruit is a Papua endemic plant which is rich in bioactive components such as carotene, tocopherol and fatty acids. Red fruit paste (RFP) is a waste from the process of making red fruit oil which is processed using wet rendering and still rich of bioactive component. This study aims to determine the effect of adding red fruit paste on the colour and chemical characteristics beef patties. The colour beef patty observed based formulated by different level of red fruit paste (PandanusconoideusLamk) at 0, 5, 10 and 15% to replace fat animal. The addition of up to 15% red fruit paste to beef patty formulation showed the higher L* (brightness) value and the lower value was the control patty. All red fruit paste-based beef patty enhance colour a* (redness). Higherlevelpaste will made patty became more redness. The addition red fruit paste in 5% had higher b* (yellowness) value, on theotherhandparameter of chemical characteristic of beef patty was compared with patty control treatment and patty with 15% level RFP was the best colour result. The data took before and after cooked. The protein content before and after cooking had a higher value by control treatment but for the value of fat, carbohydrate, water, ash and carotene content in the patty with 15% RFP the value was higher than the control both before and after cooking.

Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Beef Patty Formulations on the Inactivation of Native Strains of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of beef patty formulations and pressure levels on the inactivation of spoilage microbiota and native Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7. Beef patties were made with different salt and fat content (A: 1% NaCl – 10% fat, B: 2% NaCl – 10% fat, C: 1% NaCl – 20% fat and D: 2% NaCl – 20% fat) and treated at 400 and 600 MPa. STEC reductions after 400 and 600 MPa were 2 and 4 log CFU/g, respectively. STEC inactivation was similar in patties with 10 and 20% of fat content. However, patties with 1% of NaCl showed higher STEC reductions than those made with 2% of NaCl. The baroprotective effect of salt was probably related with the accumulation of compatible solutes, a well-known bacterial response to osmostress. After HPP treatment, all counts of spoilage microbiota were under the detection limit regardless of the formulation.

Safflower seed supplementation in lamb feed: effects upon fatty acid profile and quality of meat patty formulations.

The aims of this study were to determine the fatty acid profile of meat from lambs fed with different levels of safflower seed (0%, 7.5%, and 15%) and, also, to compare the characteristics of the meat patties prepared from this lamb meat (LMP) with beef meat patties (BMP). The safflower seed-supplemented diet did not change the contents of polyunsaturated and unsaturated fatty acids, except for C22:1. All meat patty formulations were considered safe for consumption. The values of cooking yield, shrinkage, water absorption index, luminosity (L*), and redness (a*) were similar for the LMP and BMP tested. While the safflower seed-supplemented diet did not alter the moisture, ash, and protein levels of LMP, the lipid content was lower than that in BMP. The incorporation of 15% safflower seed into lamb feed contributed to promoting better sensory attributes of the meat patties. Most of the physicochemical properties evaluated were similar among LMP and BMP. However, to improve the sensory properties of the product, dietary supplementation with 15% safflower seed is recommended.

Upgrading Black Gram By-Product to a New Texturized Vegetable Source by Extrusion: Evaluation of Functionality, Antinutrients and In Vitro Digestibility

In this study, the feasibility of extruding black gram protein-rich by-product was evaluated. The functionality, digestibility and antinutrient content of the extruded by-product was studied in comparison with the commercial texturized vegetable protein (TVP). The extrusion significantly improved the water absorption capacity (from 2.85 to 3.61 g/g) and starch digestibility (from 72.88 to 78.83%). The extrusion also reduced the content of phenolics (from 3.21 to 1.94 mg/g), flavonoids (from 0.52 to 0.29 mg/g), proanthocyanidins (from 12.93 to 9.7 mg/g) and saponins (from 31.35 to 22.02 mg/g). The microstructure examination confirmed the structural transformation of starch granules and their embedded protein matrix as a result of extrusion. Findings of the study indicated that the extruded by-product exhibited favorable functional characteristics, which were comparable to TVP, a widely used meat substitute. Furthermore, the product development study revealed the suitability of this extruded by-product as a meat substitute in patty formulation. The above finding suggests the utility of the black gram by-product as a potential alternative to commercial TVP.

The Effects of Pecan Shell, Roselle Flower and Red Pepper on the Quality of Beef Patties during Chilled Storage.

The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of pecan shell (PSW), combined with roselle flower (RS) and red pepper (CA) were analyzed in beef patties by several methods during chilled storage for 13 days. Additionally, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of PSW, RS and CA extracts were determined. The PSW extract exhibited a higher radical scavenging activity (by the DPPH method) and more total phenolic compounds than RS and CA. RS presented the best antimicrobial capacity. Nine formulations of beef patties were prepared, including a control (CM), a synthetic preservative (CAMPA N.3 (A)) and different combinations of PSW, RS and CA. The bacterial counts of the beef patties with RS (4–5 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g meat) were significantly lower than those of the control sample (CM) (6–7 CFU/g meat) at day 6. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) values at day 7 of all treatments were similar to the values of samples containing the synthetic antioxidant and significantly lower than the CM group. The order of stability assessed by the TBARS values were in agreement with the hexanal content. Thus, these results support the hypothesis that the combination of PWS, RS and CA could represent a good natural food preservative.

Instrumental texture analysis of chicken patties prepared with broiler breast fillets exhibiting woody breast characteristics

Potential applications of chicken meat with the woody breast (WB) condition in further processed products could provide processors with alternatives to deal with this meat quality problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of broiler breast fillets at varying degrees of WB severity and proportions on instrumental texture characteristics of chicken patties. A total of 54 breast fillets were collected from broilers processed as per commercial practices, previously classified based on tactile evaluation in 3 WB categories (normal [NOR]; mild [MIL], and severe [SEV]). Instrumental compression analysis was performed to validate subjective scores. Nine treatments with 6 replicates of chicken patties were prepared: 100% NOR (T1), 67% NOR + 33% MIL (T2), 67% NOR + 33% SEV (T3), 33% NOR + 67% MIL (T4), 33% NOR + 67% SEV (T5), 100% MIL (T6), 67% MIL + 33% SEV (T7), 33% MIL + 67% SEV (T8), and 100% SEV (T9). Instrumental texture profile analysis along with cook loss, color, and dimensional changes was evaluated in cooked patties. Compared with normal samples and excluding treatments T2 and T4, hardness, springiness, and chewiness values of chicken patties decreased (P < 0.05) as WB severity increased in the meat incorporated into the formulation. Patties prepared using mixtures of MIL and SEV fillets (T7 and T8) including T9 had higher levels of cook loss (>26%, P < 0.05) accompanied by significant reductions in diameter (>16%, P < 0.05) and distinguishable color changes (ΔE∗ab > 2) than normal patties. These data suggest that the potential use of WB meat in chicken patties is associated with the degree of WB severity and the incorporation rate. The inclusion of WB fillets at high levels into this product is not recommended owing to their poor functionality. However, feasible mixtures of normal breast fillets with those affected by WB myopathy at relatively low proportions could be considered by processors as an alternative in commercial chicken patty formulations.

Quality Maintenance of Beef Burger Patties by Direct Addiction or Encapsulation of a Prickly Pear Fruit Extract.

Beef burger patties are a very perishable food product with a maximum shelf life of 3 days at 4°C, due to a fast decrease of quality parameters and microbial growth. Although some additives listed in the Regulation EU 601 (2014) are allowed in fresh minced beef and meat preparations with antioxidant functionality, no additive with antimicrobial activity is permitted. In this study, a prickly pear extract (PPE) was added to beef burger patty formulations both by direct application and encapsulation in alginate beads. Beef burger patties were evaluated during refrigerated storage (up to 8 days at 4°C) in terms of microbial quality, pH, texture, and color variation. At the end of storage, burger samples incorporating PPE and encapsulated PPE showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas spp. when compared to control samples added with sterile distilled water (SDW) or encapsulated SDW. Samples added with encapsulated PPE showed the smallest variations of color a* values (red) during the considered storage period, followed by samples added with PPE, suggesting a protective effect of the extract toward the myoglobin oxidation process. In addition, textural parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness) reached the highest levels, after 8 days of storage, in burger samples added both with PPE and encapsulated PPE, supporting the potentiality of PPE, encapsulated or not into alginate beads, to be used as a natural preservative of beef burger patty formulations for maintaining quality parameters.

Effect of addition of banana peel powder (Musa balbisiana) on physicochemical and sensory properties of fish patty

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the physicochemical and sensory properties of fish patties added with banana peel powder (BPP), Musa balbisiana.Design/methodology/approachFour different fish patty formulations were produced containing 0 per cent (BPP0) (Control), 2 per cent (BPP2), 4 per cent (BPP4) and 6 per cent (BPP6) of BPP (M. balbisiana).FindingsThe addition of BPP was shown to improve the hardness, cooking yield, water holding capacity (WHC) and redness (a* value) as well as the dietary fibre (DF) content (p<0.05). The BPP, however, also turned the fish patties darker (lower L*) (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation showed that fish patties with a concentration of 2 per cent BPP had the highest overall acceptability, whereas the concentration of 6 per cent BPP was found to be unacceptable compared to that of control sample (p<0.05). The declining sensory acceptability of fish patty with 6 per cent BPP is related to the harder texture and the darker color of the patties compared to the control sample (BPP0).Originality/valueThe addition of BPP can potentially improve the quality of fish patties in terms of textural properties (hardness) by increasing their WHC, reducing the cooking loss and enhancing the DF content.