Residential Development Patterns Research Articles

The Phenomenon of Ethnocultural Enclaves of Russophone Koreans “Koryŏin Maŭl” in South Korea

This article details the findings of a study conducted from October 2022 to December 2023 on the ethnocultural enclaves of Russophone Koreans in South Korea. The research delves into the origins of the term “Koryŏin Maŭl” and proposes a refined definition. It identifies key characteristics shared by these enclaves and introduces a preliminary classification scheme. Distinguished by a strong ethnic presence and a somewhat insular community formed around a common language (Russian) and shared cultural practices, the “Koryŏin Maŭl” can be defined as ethnocultural enclaves. These areas are self-determined and universally recognized among their residents.Through my research, I have concluded that the Koryŏin Maŭls in South Korea share a number of common characteristics. They all have distinct boundaries, formed by both terrain features and patterns of residential development. These neighborhoods also house a significant number of ethnic businesses, whose success largely hinges on the customer base formed within the ethnic enclave itself.

Mind the border: housing development at the transboundary interface surrounding Beijing

This study reveals a distinct pattern of extensive residential development in China’s minor towns and counties that are close to some of the country’s largest cities. We stress that understanding the housing development and its dynamics at the transboundary interface requires a border viewpoint. By mobilising conceptualisations from the field of border studies, we unpack the meanings and functions of sub-national borders in the Chinese setting. According to the border theory, sub-national borders in China take on a range of functions beyond serving as simple demarcation lines that separate administrative territories, including points of interaction, indicators of difference, and signs of affirmation. Further, borders might have varying and opposing impacts, such as positive/negative and diminished/persistent roles. Consequently, the combined influences result in the dynamic development of the cross-border area. Drawing evidence from a case study of housing development in the border region surrounding Beijing, the paper sheds light on the role of borders as well as its implications on the dynamics of cross-border housing development in the Chinese context.

ПРОЕКТНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ ПО РЕНОВАЦИИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕЧНОГО ПОРТА ГОРОДА ТЮМЕНИ

The article presents a project for the renovation of the territory of the river port of Tyumen, where river transport facilities (port, marinas and berths) are located. According to preproject analysis, this area does not meet modern requirements, aesthetically unattractive; industrial facilities located on it, are abandoned, monuments of architecture and historical and cultural heritage are in a dilapidated state; there are no recreation areas, there is a haphazard pattern of residential development. The authors have developed a project for a cultural and leisure center, which includes four independent parts of the building with different functional content. Its implementation will solve a set of problems of improvement of the river port area, fill it with new functions, and thus improve the quality of the urban environment and ensure proper recreation and leisure activities of the population. This project can be implemented in other ancient cities with similar problems.

ISSUES FACED BY TENANTS IN HIGH-RISE STRATA RESIDENTIAL: CASE STUDY OF KLANG VALLEY

Recently, demand for high-rise residential has increased every year and shifted residential development patterns from vertical to horizontal development. Living in high-rise residential will require residents to share common facilities and resources. For that, a management body is known as Management Corporation (MC) or Joint Management Body (JMB) is established. This management body is responsible to collect the service charge from residents, as well as managing and maintaining the buildings and common property. However, a review of the literature has found out gaps between the MC responsibility and residents’ satisfaction. Driven by study objectives, this study focuses on exploring issues faced by the tenants living in the selected high-rise strata housing. Through a questionnaire survey, responses are randomly collected and analysed. A descriptive table, Relative Importance Index (RII) and correlation test are used in the analysis to provide findings for the study.

Diverse paradigms of residential development inform water use and drought-related conservation behavior

Widespread urbanization has led to diverse patterns of residential development, which are linked to different resource consumption patterns, including water demand. Classifying neighborhoods based on urban form and sociodemographic features can provide an avenue for understanding community water use behaviors associated with housing alternatives and different residential populations. In this study, we leveraged built environment data from the online real estate aggregator Zillow to develop neighborhood typologies and community clusters via a sequence of unsupervised learning methods. Five distinct clusters, spatially segregated despite no geospatial inputs, were associated with unique single-family residential water use and conservation patterns and trends. The two highest-income clusters had divergent behavior, especially during and after a historic drought, thus unraveling conventional income–water use and income–water conservation relationships. These clustering results highlight evolving water use regimes as traditional patterns of development are replaced with compact, water-efficient urban form. Defining communities based on built environment and sociodemographic characteristics, instead of sociodemographic features alone, led to 3% to 30% improvements in cluster water use and conservation cohesion. These analyses demonstrate the importance of smart development across rapidly urbanizing areas in water-scarce regions across the globe.

House Prices and Growth with Fixed Land Supply

AbstractWe analyse housing costs and patterns of residential development over the long term in a dynamic general equilibrium. We show that in a growing economy the speed of travel improvements is crucial to the evolution of land and house prices. We derive a condition for the rate of change in transport efficiency that generates flat land and house prices on a balanced growth path. We present evidence that this condition was satisfied in many countries between the mid-nineteenth century and the mid-twentieth century, but since then passenger transport improvements have slowed down with major implications for how house prices evolve.

Residential development patterns and child pedestrian injuries

A source of physical activity and independence, walking during childhood has many health and developmental benefits. Unfortunately, children are often not able to safely walk to their destinations, traffic safety being a primary barrier. The purpose of this paper is to understand how land use development patterns are related to safety outcomes for child pedestrians. Assuming that most child pedestrian trips start at home, this work explores the relationship between residential land use types and child pedestrian injuries. Are roadways in low-density residential areas more or less safe for child pedestrians than similar roadways in high-density residential areas or in mixed-use residential areas? We explore child pedestrian injury rates in Portland, Oregon through GIS spatial analysis and Bayesian spatial autoregressive Tobit models that use Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with a Gibbs sampling scheme. Findings suggest that, with exposure and other socio-demographic factors being controlled for, roadways in mixed-use residential neighborhoods experience lower child pedestrian injury rates than high-density single-use neighborhoods or low-density single-use neighborhoods. Findings inform the Safe Systems approach and provide insight for the development of cities that ensure safety for vulnerable road users.

Assessing economic instruments to steer urban residential sprawl, using a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach

Over the past centuries, cities have undergone major transformations that led to global urbanization. One of the phenomena emerging from urbanization is urban sprawl, defined as the uncontrolled spread of cities into undeveloped areas. The decrease in housing prices and commuting costs as well as the failure to internalize the real costs associated with natural land, led to households moving-out into the urban fringe – resulting in fragmented, low-density residential development patterns that has multiple negative impacts. Awareness for this problem has fed the need for the implementation of effective policies against urban residential sprawl – a subject that has received considerable attention in literature, albeit little attention has been given to economic incentive instruments. Hence, the objective of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of different economic instruments in steering urban residential sprawl – assessing property taxes, land taxes and public transport subsidies. To this end, the Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development (SULD) model is used and adapted, and a case study is provided for the medium-sized City of Aveiro in central Portugal. Results show that a flat property tax and a public transport subsidy for low and middle-income households are the most efficient instruments, leading to a decrease in urban residential area, living space and housing quantity as well as an increase in real estate values. On the other hand, a land tax results in insignificant changes in urban residential development patterns.

Impacts of Spatial Patterns of Rural and Exurban Residential Development on Agricultural Trends in the Intermountain West

In recent years, counties in the Intermountain West (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah) have experienced rapid population growth and housing development, and much of this growth is occurr...

Impacts of Spatial Patterns of Rural and Exurban Residential Development on Agricultural Trends in the Intermountain West

In recent years, counties in the Intermountain West (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah) have experienced rapid population growth and housing development, and much of this growth is occurring outside of urban areas. Residential development often has negative impacts on farmlands, farm viability, and environmental services provided by working landscapes. We used county-level data to identify the association between the intensity and spatial patterns of residential settlement and trends in selected farm outcomes between 1997 and 2012 in the region. Results demonstrate that accounting for the spatial pattern or degree of fragmentation and clustering of rural and exurban residential development improves our ability to explain variation in county-level agricultural trends. We also found evidence of significant spatial dependencies among the counties in this region, which suggests that trends in one county are affected by development and agricultural activity in neighboring counties. Findings suggest that efforts to protect farming using growth management tools can work, but should focus on separation of agriculture and potentially conflicting land uses.

Investigating adoption patterns of residential low impact development (LID) using classification trees

Local governments are under pressure to improve storm water management and often times must comply with consent decrees with the Federal Government. Decentralizing a portion of the storm water management by integrating private landowners into localized retention and infiltration efforts, that is, low impact development (LID) or green infrastructure projects, is becoming increasingly popular. Some wastewater systems have considered incentivizing private land owners to make improvements aimed at retaining storm water or slowing the conveyance to grey infrastructure. This study examines potential opportunities for incentivizing private residential land owners in Washington DC to install LID projects. This study maps LID configurations to a set of adoption strategies and categories. The C4.5 algorithm is then applied to identify a high performance decision tree for classifying parcels by adoption strategy or adoption categories based on property-level attributes.

Sensitivity in Residential Design Towards Sustainability - A Vernacular Approach

Vernacular design depicts a visual imagery of myriad layers of environmental, socio-cultural and economical ways of life. Initially, the development of Vernacular concepts originated with articulation of spaces to accommodate different forms of shelter appropriate to micro and macro climatic conditions across varied geographical locations.Later, it established an affinity for the place where the landscapes embraced these indigenous resources and practices and ensured compatibility between people, nature and human built environment. Hence, a reflexive relationship between nature and built environment which includes the necessity to create and adopt the right methodology evolved with time.Further, this pragmatic approach not only stands as an evidence to prove the positive impact it has on the environment but also holds the key to a sustainable development. An insight into diverse residential development patterns across different geographical locations in Indian subcontinent substantiates the above statement. The parameters that dictate the built form of these dwellings also contribute to the degree of design sensitivity towards the sustenance of that built form. This paper specifically analyses the factors that define the scope of residential planning across Peninsular India, North - Western regions and North -Eastern parts of India. This paper will also investigate the resilient nature of these factors which play a predominant role in the providing a conducive environment for sustainable development.

The Impact of Residential Development Pattern on Wildland Fire Suppression Expenditures

Despite a growing body of literature on the economics of wildland fire suppression, the effect of development pattern in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) has received only cursory treatment. We model the relationship between fire suppression expenditures and the spatial pattern of residential development using data from 281 fires in the northern Rocky Mountains. We find that the effect of WUI development on suppression expenditures is dependent on the spatial pattern of development. Our results suggest that policies to control the spatial pattern of WUI development can be nearly as effective as policies that completely restrict WUI development.

Residential development in the peri-urban fringe: The example of Adelaide, South Australia

The peri-urban fringes of large metropolitan areas of Australia continue to experience major changes as natural and semi-natural landscapes are converted to built-up areas largely through increased residential development. These irreversible conversions are producing significant challenges for ecological and environmental protection. Yet, there has been little attempt to systematically analyse and model some of the key spatial features of these peri-urban fringes, especially in terms of examining factors underpinning new residential development. This paper attempts to fill this information gap using Adelaide, South Australia, as an exploratory case study. Using parcel-level data, we quantified spatial patterns of residential development during four consecutive periods (ten-year intervals between 1971 and 2010), revealing a gradual slow-down in the rate of new housing development after the 1980s. The effects of major roads and services, residents’ attraction to areas of high natural amenity, and previous residential development were estimated using logistic regression models and geographically weighted logistic regression models, respectively. Variation partitioning was used to examine the relative importance of three groups of predictors of residential development. Roads and services had the greatest impact on the pattern of residential development in the 1970s, while previous residential development ranked first among the three groups of forces in the last three time-periods. Influences relating to the attraction of natural amenities were of the least importance to peri-urban residential development during all four periods. These findings can help understand change mechanisms within peri-urban fringes and to develop corresponding policy responses to improve their management.

The effects of Seoul’s suburban beltway on accessibility, residential development, and housing rents: a transport–land use simulation approach

This study investigates whether the Seoul beltway is contributing to the decline of the central city and encouraging urban sprawl, by analyzing the effects of the beltway on accessibility, urban residential development patterns, and housing rents. The simulation results show that, although Seoul’s suburban beltway may contribute to raising monthly rents for the housing along the beltway catchment area, and to attracting households into the inner-ring suburbs from both the central city and the outer-ring zones, the magnitudes of these impacts are relatively minor, with \({<}\)1 and 0.6 % increases in total housing stock and monthly rents, respectively, for the majority of municipalities along the beltway, suggesting that the beltway has little responsibility for urban sprawl.

Estimating Parking Utilization in Multifamily Residential Buildings in Washington, D.C.

The District of Columbia’s Department of Transportation and Office of Planning recently led a research effort to understand how parking utilization in multifamily residential buildings is related to neighborhood and building characteristics. Prior research has shown that the overbuilding of residential parking leads to increased automobile ownership, vehicle miles traveled, and congestion. Parking availability can affect travel mode choices and decrease the use of transportation alternatives. In addition, zoning regulations requiring supplies of parking that exceed demand can increase housing costs and inhibit the development of mixed-use, mixed-income, pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods. The primary research goal was to develop an empirical model for parking utilization in Washington, D.C., and to apply the model to an interactive web-based tool, named ParkRight DC, to support and guide parking supply decisions. A transparent, data-driven process for parking supply decisions may help relieve problems associated with over- or undersupply of parking. This paper outlines the data collection, model-development process, functionality of the resulting tool, and findings on key relationships and policy implications. The model and the associated tool rely on local information reflecting residential development and automobile ownership patterns drawn from a survey of multifamily residential parking use at 115 buildings covering approximately 20,000 dwelling units in the District of Columbia. The resulting model achieved an R2-value of .835, which indicates a strong model, given the complexity of the relationship being researched.

Land use characteristics of subway catchment areas and their influence on subway ridership in Seoul

This study has dual research objectives: 1) to evaluate the land use characteristics of the pedestrian catchment areas (PCA) of subway stations in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) in terms of transit-oriented development (TOD) principles and 2) to investigate the influence of each PCA's land use characteristics on station-level ridership. The major findings can be summarized as follows. First, the built environments of subway PCAs in Seoul were found to be compatible with TOD principles in terms of density and diversity. They have declining density gradients of population and employment that extend outward from a station and have a high level of mixed-use land.Second, population and employment densities, land use mix diversity, and intermodal connectivity all have a positive impact on subway ridership, but differ in their spatial ranges. In particular, the influence spans of residential and commercial development patterns (population density and the proportion of commercial land) and mixed land use on ridership were limited to only the core and primary PCAs. Consequently, with respect to TOD in a compact city like Seoul, we recommend that a PCA be defined to encompass a radius of 600m.

Infrastructure Development, Residential Growth and Impacts on Public Service Expenditure

This paper documents the use of geographic information science based planning support systems to evaluate the effects of infrastructure development on residential growth and resulting public service expenditure. The case example presented here investigates the impacts associated with a large water infrastructure development project. The effect of infrastructure on residential development is evaluated by comparing growth trends within areas of different levels of water supply and sewerage services. The effect of changing residential development patterns on public services expenditure is evaluated with a spatially explicit model linking urban form with revenues, expenditures and fiscally efficient areas of service provision for a delivery-based public service, police. Results confirm that the development of water infrastructure leads to residential growth and also indicate this growth in some locations leads to fiscally efficient provision of a public service. A primary recommendation from this research is that, in anticipation of growth, water planning should be comprehensive rather than single issue focused. Planning support systems are indicated to be useful tools supporting policy refinement for land-use and water planning.

Time is money: An empirical examination of the effects of regulatory delay on residential subdivision development

Variation in regulatory costs over time and across different types of investment projects creates risk for developers who hold land. These so-called implicit costs, which arise as a result of regulatory delay in the land development process, are hypothesized to be potentially large, but empirical evidence of their influence on development outcomes is limited. Using a unique micro-level data set on parcel-level subdivision development that includes data on the timing of subdivision approvals, we test the effects of implicit costs that arise as a result of increased subdivision approval times on the timing and pattern of residential subdivision development. Consistent with theory, we find that these regulation-induced implicit costs reduce the probability of subdivision development on any given parcel. In addition, we find that systematic variation in regulation-induced implicit costs across space has reduced development in more heavily regulated urbanized areas intended for development and intensified development in less regulated exurban areas located farther away. The results provide a new explanation of scattered, low-density urban development as the result of optimal land development with multiple development options and heterogeneous regulatory costs.

The impact of urban residential development patterns on forest carbon density: An integration of LiDAR, aerial photography and field mensuration

Urban development continues to reshape forest landscapes and influence the carbon storage capacity of trees. To date, the impact of urban patterns on forest carbon density remains to be systematically evaluated. A major challenge is the lack of accurate and spatially explicit estimates of forest carbon storage over the entire urbanized area. In this study, we first developed an integrated approach that synergizes remote sensing LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and aerial photography to efficiently model landscape-level forest carbon storage in an urban environment at a fine resolution of 20m. Using a case study in the Charlotte Metropolitan Region, USA, we were able to determine the total amount of carbon stored in the local forests to be 3.8 million tonnes ($298 million value), with an average carbon density of 53.6t/ha. We further applied statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between urban developed patterns (i.e., landscape metrics) and forest carbon density in four types of residential neighborhoods (categorized by percent built-up ranging from low, medium-low, medium-high to high density). Results indicate a decrease of forest carbon density with an increase of carbon variance in neighborhoods where the intensity of development became higher. Residential neighborhoods with a higher built-up density were more likely to be affected by a larger number of landscape metrics. This indicates that a proper design of the neighborhood level urban spatial patterns (especially in high density neighborhoods) is essential to maximizing forest carbon storage at the landscape level.