Leisure Participation Patterns Research Articles

Commentary on "I Would Like to Do It Very Much! Leisure Participation Patterns and Determinants of Brazilian Children and Adolescents With Physical Disabilities".

Commentary on "I Would Like to Do It Very Much! Leisure Participation Patterns and Determinants of Brazilian Children and Adolescents With Physical Disabilities".

I Would Like to Do It Very Much! Leisure Participation Patterns and Determinants of Brazilian Children and Adolescents With Physical Disabilities.

To describe the patterns, preferences, and predictors of participation in leisure activities of children and young people with physical disabilities from Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that included 50 children/young people with physical disabilities from the southeast of Brazil. The children were assessed using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities. Children/young people participated in an average of 38% of the activities, with a greater number and frequency of informal, recreational, social, and self-improvement activities. The average frequency of participation in the activities was twice in the previous 4 months. The enjoyment in the participated activities was high. There was a greater preference for recreational, social, and physical activities. Age and functional classification were predictors of participation. This study of children with disabilities from the southeast of Brazil supports studies in other low- and middle-income countries, demonstrating low diversity and intensity of participation in leisure activities, but with high levels of enjoyment.

Leisure Participation, Physical Health, and Mental Health in Older Adults

ABSTRACT To promote health and healthy aging, it is important to develop supportive environments and specific opportunities for meaningful and valuable social engagement. The current study examined the differences of Body Mass Index (physical health indicator), perceived health, happiness, and depression (mental health indicators) according to the clusters of leisure participation patterns among older adults who were retired and living in the community. A sample of 1,134 participants aged 60 years and older was extracted from the Alameda County Health and Ways of Living Study. The result of K-means cluster analysis revealed that there were three distinctive leisure participation patterns: the ardent achievers, the physical enthusiasts, and the easy contenders. The multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that the ardent achievers had the highest perceived mental health and happiness scores and the lowest depressive symptoms scores. Physical enthusiasts demonstrated the highest scores on ‘working in the garden’ and the lowest Body Mass Index of the three groups, which is one of the important indicators for physical health. Activity professionals may encourage older adults living in the community to work in the garden or other moderate to rigorous physical exercise, which may contribute to increased physical and mental health of older adults. Further practical implications are discussed.

Adolescent Leisure Participation Patterns and Analysis of Difference Between Subjective Well-Being and Happiness by Type Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA)

Adolescent Leisure Participation Patterns and Analysis of Difference Between Subjective Well-Being and Happiness by Type Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA)

Disability and Patterns of Leisure Participation Across the Life Course.

Patterns of healthy leisure are dependent upon age, but people with disabilities are particularly susceptible to passive and disengaged types of activities. This study evaluates how individuals with disabilities spend their time in passive, active, social, and isolated forms of leisure over the life course, and how these patterns vary by age. I analyze nationally representative data from 70,165 respondents ages 15 and older in the 2008, 2010, and 2012-2016 American Time Use Survey. Linear regression models estimate the association between disability and leisure time, net of self-rated health and sociodemographic controls. Interactions between age and disability are also evaluated, as well as the robustness of results by sensory, cognitive, physical, and multiple disability status. People with disabilities report significantly more, and poorer quality, leisure than people without disabilities. This includes more than 2 hr more time in passive leisure as well as a disproportionate amount of isolated leisure spent at home, alone. These differences are not fully explained by health and sociodemographic controls. The isolated leisure time of people with disabilities is most different from people without disabilities in later life-whereas differences in total and passive leisure time, by disability status, are greatest in midlife. People with disabilities spend less time in health-promoting forms of leisure at all ages, but these patterns are unique across midlife and older age.

What Impacts Leisure Activity and Diet among Immigrants? Mexican Immigrants’ Leisure Participation and Food Patterns in the Midwestern U.S.

High obesity rates and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases among Latinos make preservation of healthy traditional dietary practices an important public health issue in the United States. This study, conducted in the midwestern United States, evaluated factors impacting food practices, dietary patterns, and leisure among Mexican immigrants. The results of the study, which was based on semi-structured interviews with 23 Mexican immigrants, indicated such factors included elements of the new environment, cultural beliefs regarding food and diet, psychological factors and taste preferences, and changes in lifestyles and daily schedules. These findings highlight the importance of bringing the sense of leisure back to food preparation and food consumption, which becomes critical when immigrants are faced with the task of cooking with only ingredients available in their region of the United States. Individuals will then be less likely to rely on consuming local convenience foods commonly high in fat, sugar, and salt.

Friendships and patterns of social leisure participation among Norwegian adolescents with Down syndrome.

A first generation of adolescents with Down syndrome have grown up in Norway's inclusive society. This study explored their friendships and social leisure participation, mainly as it is reflected through their subjective experience. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews and observations of 22 teens aged 17years. Generally, the adolescents described their social life as rich and varied, occurring in several contexts with different companions. Their thoughts of friendships were quite extensive, also including less close relationships. Three main contextual patterns of social participation were revealed: (a) the family at home pattern, (b) the peer group pattern and (c) the arranged company pattern. The relationship between the national policy on social inclusion and these findings is discussed. To understand the barriers and opportunities in the social life of Norwegian adolescents with Down syndrome, it is essential to acknowledge the extent of their experiences with friendship and the characteristics of their social participation patterns.

レジャー参加パターン間におけるマスターズ大会参加者の 大会参加へののめり込み度と相互協調的幸福感の関連性について オンライン調査を用いた事例研究

レジャー参加パターン間におけるマスターズ大会参加者の 大会参加へののめり込み度と相互協調的幸福感の関連性について オンライン調査を用いた事例研究

Leisure Participation Patterns for School Age Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Findings from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health.

Leisure activity participation is important for health and well-being. This study examined similarities and differences between typically developing children and those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from 6 to 17years old in physical, recreational, social, skill, and jobs/chores activities from a large national database. Findings revealed that children with ASD had significantly lower participation levels than those without ASD between 11 and 17years old. They suggest an increasing disparity among many types of leisure participation for children and youth with ASD as they age, eventually leading to limited participation in adult activities. They reinforce the importance of intervention at an early age to increase participation in these activities to promote development of skills that contribute to adult competencies.

Leisure participation patterns and gender wage gap\u2014evidence from Chinese manufacturing industry

BackgroundThis paper aims at explaining the gender wage gap in the labor market from the perspective of leisure participation patterns between men and women. The traditional view is that time and effort spent in childbearing activities are the major sources of gender wage gap. Women, particularly in Chinese society, are the major career of children and share a large portion of housework, thus lacking time for the accumulation of human capital. This directly affects women’s employment status in the labor market as well as wage gaps with men.MethodsThis study empirically examines the within-job wage differences between men and women in the same occupation and establishment in relationship to their leisure participation patterns. Data were collected via time diary survey from “blue-collar” employees of a Chinese factory, producing parts for cars.ResultsThe results showed that differences of time allocation in social time and passive leisure time between men and women contribute to gender wage gap. The study also uncovered the hidden gender discrimination in a male-dominated society.ConclusionThis study calls for institutional arrangements by the Chinese government to acknowledge women’s need and rights in workplace.

Leisure Participation Patterns of Children With Movement Impairments in New Zealand.

To investigate the leisure participation patterns of children with movement impairments in New Zealand. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with children with movement impairments aged 6 to 12 years using the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Children participated in an average of 57.3% of activities, with a greater number and frequency of recreational, social, and self-improvement activities as compared with skill-based and physical activities. Children performed nearly 50% of activities with family and 13% of activities with friends. Approximately 50% of activities were performed at home and 50% of activities were performed outside the home. Children with movement impairments participated in diverse leisure activities. However, reduced involvement in physical activities needs further investigation to identify the actual level of physical exertion, barriers faced, and how increased opportunities for regular physical activity could be instigated.

Commentary on: "Leisure Participation Patterns of Children With Movement Impairments in New Zealand".

Commentary on: "Leisure Participation Patterns of Children With Movement Impairments in New Zealand".

Longitudinal patterns of active leisure among South African youth: gender differences and associations with health risk behaviours

This study identified adolescents' patterns of active leisure participation over two years and five waves of data and how those patterns were related to substance use and sexual activity. Participants included 3581 primarily Coloured (mixed race) South African adolescents. Latent class analysis was utilized to determine patterns of active leisure patterns and multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between the patterns and substance use and sexual activity. Four patterns were identified: Non-Participants; Early Participants; Late Participants; and Consistent Participants. Most males were Consistent Participants, whereas most females were Non-participants. Female Consistent Participants had the lowest odds of tobacco use, marijuana use, and sexual activity by the tenth grade relative to the other patterns, whereas Early Participants had the highest odds. In contrast, male Consistent Participants were at moderate risk of engaging in health risk behaviours relative to the other patterns. These findings suggest the need for a cautious approach to developing active leisure-based interventions, taking into account the contextual factors that may influence participation and health risk behaviours.

Leisure in Urban China

This paper examines national-level leisure time availability and participation patterns among urban residents of China. The findings show that Mainland Chinese enjoy relatively little leisure time and that strong contrasts exist in regional distribution of free time availability. People of all ages, genders, and incomes show a general preference for passive/media and other home-based activities while displaying low participation rates in exercise. Regional comparisons show that residents of the Northeast are busiest and engage most frequently in home-based activities while people in the West have more leisure time and engage in social activities most frequently. Differences in leisure time availability and leisure participation based on gender, age and income are also explored.

대학 교양체육 참여 학생의 여가유형이 행복지수에 미치는 영향

대학 교양체육 참여 학생의 여가유형이 행복지수에 미치는 영향

Differences in patterns of participation in leisure activities in Swedish children with and without disabilities

Purpose: To compare participation in leisure activities between Swedish children with and without disabilities and to examine whether age, gender, presence of disabilities, and mother’s educational level influence participation. Method: A Swedish version of the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment was used to study the diversity, intensity, and enjoyment of participation in leisure activities of children aged 6 to 17 years. Fifty-five of the children had disabilities and 337 of the children did not have disabilities. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the impact of age, gender, mother’s level of education, and disability on the diversity, intensity, and enjoyment of leisure activities. A t-test for independent samples was used to compare the diversity and intensity of participation between children with and without disabilities. Results: The multiple regression analysis explained 4–36% of the variance of diversity, intensity, and enjoyment. Children with disabilities participated with higher diversity, but with less intensity, than children without disabilities. Younger children had higher levels of enjoyment. Conclusions: Children with disabilities participated in several different activities, but the presence of a disability was associated with lower intensity of participation. The low explanatory value of the investigated variables indicates that the combined effect of several variables needs to be taken into consideration when designing participation interventions.Implications for RehabilitationChildren with disabilities participated in a high number of activities but with a low intensity compared to children without disabilities. Analysis of the children’s personal and environmental barriers and facilitators is critical to providing the therapist with ideas about which strategies should be implemented to increase participation. Assessment and intervention may need to focus on methods for supporting the children’s autonomy and on creating goals for intervention that focus on activities that are determined by the child based on their interests and desires.Age and gender influenced the variance in the diversity and enjoyment outcome and the presence of disability was associated with the intensity outcome.Age, gender, parental educational level, and disability only explain a small proportion of the variance in leisure participation patterns. Thus, client-centred and individually tailored interventions are needed that are based on the individual's unique situation.

Leisure participation patterns and gender: the survey evidence on Australian adults

In recognition of the principle that quantitative methods have a role to play in gender-related studies of leisure, alongside qualitative methods, this paper draws on past and current official Australian national surveys to examine men's time use and leisure participation patterns. Three frequently asserted observations on leisure and gender, and men's leisure behaviour in particular, are addressed. First, the proposition that early survey-based leisure research was ‘gender blind’ is shown to have not generally been the case in Australia. Second, it is shown that, while it is broadly true that men have more leisure time than women, this is not the case for some key socio-demographic groups. Third, the observation that men have higher levels of participation in leisure activities than women often relies on data on sport and physical recreational activities only, but when a comprehensive definition of leisure is adopted, including such categories as cultural activity and informal outdoor recreation, and when frequency of participation is taken into account, it is found that, while leisure patterns of men are different from those of women, the quantum of participation does not significantly favour men. The paper also addresses the issue of change over time, showing that gender-related patterns of time-use and leisure participation in Australia have changed over recent decades, suggesting that observations based on quantitative empirical data should be reviewed from time to time as new data become available. Finally, the paper examines the life-time distribution of time, revealing a remarkable similarity between men and women.

Leisure time activities, free time boredom, and aggressive behavioral tendencies among at-risk youth in a poverty area: Implications for recreational therapy

The primary purpose of this study was to examine sociobehavioral characteristics [ie, leisure time activities, free time boredom (FTB), and aggressive behavioral tendencies] of at-risk youth in an area of general poverty. The participants of this study were attendees of an after-school program provided by a local social service agency, and the majority of the participants was African American (n = 75, 87.2 percent). This study examined their leisure participation patterns as well as barriers to leisure participation and desired facilities in the area. This study also revealed the participants’ perceived FTB level and aggressive behavioral tendencies. This article, lastly, suggests guidelines for therapeutic recreation practitioners who work with youth at-risk in poverty areas.

여가활동으로서의 걷기체험 분석

Leisure has been seen as a lifestyle, which functioned to transform our society from work-centered to leisure-centered. This change has led to a shift in the importance and recognition of leisure, increased desire for leisure, and even change in participation pattern, and in particular, leisure participation patterns have evolved on the strength of the well-being trend in pursuit of a healthy life, which is a new kind of culture in Korea. Among other things, ``walking`` is not only easy for anyone to do without complicated leisure techniques, but also in line with the desire for a healthy life of people today. Accordingly, more people enjoy walking as a major leisure activity, and various mass media also encourage people to participate in ``walking``, putting emphasis on the need and effect of ``walking`` in our life. Therefore, given transition to leisure-centered society and well-being fever as well as increase of participants and interest in ``walking``, in this study an analysis was conducted on leisure experiences of participants in walking exercise, for a comprehensive understanding on experiences and psychological conditions of individual participants in walking as a leisure activity. Interpretation and understanding on experiences from leisure activities should be based on personal viewpoints of participants, since leisure activities presume participation by individuals, and physical and psychological experiences vary by people. As a result, in this study, qualitative approach helpful to sufficiently examine personal experiences was employed in order to identify personal leisure experiences of participants in walking, instead of quantitative approach, Three men and women respectively were selected as participants for this study, who participate in walking at least 3 times a week more than a year and intend to continue. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participatory observations, while inductive category analysis was used.

Continuity of Leisure Participation From Middle Age to Old Age

Continuity in habits, activities, and roles is important upon entering old age according to the continuity theory of aging. Few studies have investigated patterns of leisure participation over an extended period of time among older adults. This study examines changes in nine different leisure activities in a nationally representative sample of individuals followed over a 34-year period in Sweden. We used longitudinal data from three waves of an interview survey that followed 495 individuals from 1968 to 2002. Individuals were aged 43-65 in 1968 and 77-99 in 2002. We conducted logistic regression analyses on each of the leisure activities. For the panel followed, a decline in participation rates was the most common pattern over time. Analyses at the individual level showed that late-life participation was generally preceded by participation earlier in life. Previous participation, both 10 and 34 years earlier, predicted late-life participation. The modifying effect of functional status in late life was small. In accordance with the continuity theory of aging, leisure participation in old age is often a continuation of previous participation. However, there is considerable variation among both activities and individuals.