Cohabitation Patterns Research Articles

The Internal Socio-Economic Polarization of Urban Neighborhoods: The Case of the Municipality of Nice

In continuity with the research on social segregation and the phenomenon of urban gentrification, this article examines the cohabitation patterns of populations with diametrically opposed incomes within the same neighborhood, typically observed in the city center. This phenomenon is defined here as internal socio-economic polarization. It is measured through the combination of two original indexes (poverty and wealth indexes) constructed based on income deciles per consumption unit for the year of 2017. The analysis focuses on the municipality of Nice, characterized by a low demographic dynamic, a relative concentration of seniors, and a strong tourist attractiveness, particularly in the highly polarized neighborhoods that occupy almost the entire city center. This study is complemented by a principal component analysis summarizing the characteristics of the population and housing stock in the neighborhoods of Nice. The main objective of this research is to identify and locate polarized neighborhoods within the urban context of Nice, to analyze the distinctive traits of their population and housing stock, and, finally, to highlight potential trends in the population’s socio-economic status. Moreover, the economic trajectories of polarized neighborhoods, in connection with their population and housing characteristics (such as the secondary use of a portion of the housing stock, often low-quality old buildings, social housing, and the overrepresentation of retirees), help explain the forms of socio-economic polarization observed in these neighborhoods (such as the indications of gentrification, unfinished gentrification, and sustainable cohabitation).

Asszimilációs és akkulturációs folyamatok az etnikumközi házasságok vizsgálatában

Inter-ethnic marriages present a captivating arena for examining assimilation and acculturation processes, where individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds merge their identities. This article delves into the dynamics of inter-ethnic marriages in the Turkestan region of Southern Kazakhstan through the lens of assimilation and acculturation theories. Utilizing data collected from 45 interviews across five villages, including Zhana Iqan, Hantagy, Shornak, Turki poselkasy, and Kentau, the study explores various aspects of daily life such as language usage, religious practices, traditions, cuisine, and ethnic values. Research questions probe how individuals negotiate cultural differences in their interactions and interpret multicultural coexistence through assimilation, acculturation, and dissimilation theories. The hypothesis posits three cohabitation patterns -acculturation, assimilation, and dissimilation- equally valid within the same cultural and geographical space. Employing qualitative methods including interviews and surveys, the study uncovers patterns of adaptation and the degree of assimilation or acculturation within relationships. By analyzing data through the prism of assimilation and acculturation theories, the study sheds light on how cultural elements are integrated into daily routines and decision-making processes within inter-ethnic marriages. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how individuals navigate cultural diversity within marital relationships, enriching scholarly discourse on multiculturalism and societal relations.

Partnership Dynamics of LGB People and Heterosexuals: Patterns of First Partnership Formation and First Cohabitation

In this study we examine partnership dynamics among people with different sexual orientations in Germany. More specifically, we explore the process of first partnership formation and first cohabitation among men and women who self-identify as heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual. Given the various discriminations against same-sex lifestyles, and the limited opportunities to meet potential partners, we assume that lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people form partnerships later in life and less frequently than heterosexuals. We further expect that the constantly improving social and legal climate for sexual minorities will lead to a reduction in differences in partnership behaviour by sexual orientation. We use retrospectively reported partnership biographies from the German Socio-Economic Panel, which was supplemented in 2019 with a boost sample of sexual and gender minority households. Using discrete-time event history models, we analyse nearly 15,000 episodes of being single and nearly 20,000 episodes of living without a partner in the household. Around 4.5% of these episodes are from people who self-identify as LGB. The results clearly show that patterns of partnership and coresidential union formation differ by sexual orientation. People with a homosexual orientation—and to a lesser extent people with a bisexual orientation—are less likely to enter into a first partnership and a first cohabitation than people with a heterosexual orientation. Significant changes occur across cohorts: LGB people from younger birth cohorts enter (cohabiting) partnerships much earlier and more frequently than those from older cohorts. Thus, the union formation patterns of LGB and straight people have converged slightly.

Categorising and cohabiting: practices as the site of biosocial becoming

In this article we argue that social practices, which consist of sayings and doings that extend across space and time, generate and sustain distinctive patterns of microbial interaction. In taking this approach, we position practice theory within and not outside the realm of contemporary biological processes, including processes that matter for human health. In working towards this conclusion, we show how categories and distinctions (e.g. between communicable and non-communicable disease) are embedded in medical responses and in the lives of potentially harmful bacteria like Helicobacter Pylori. Our next step is to explain how social practices engender patterns of cohabitation, interaction and mutual adaptation between microbes within and beyond the body, processes we illustrate with reference to anti-microbial resistance. The conclusion that human and microbial coexistence is, in various ways, defined by the lives of social practices provides an important bridge between the social and natural sciences and a starting point from which to approach fundamental questions about the dynamics of biosocial becoming, and the part that public policies play in these processes.

Patterns of Singlehood, Cohabitation, and Marriage in Early Adulthood in Relation to Well-being in Established Adulthood

In a cohort followed from late adolescence until established adulthood, this study examined how singlehood, cohabitation, and marriage at different ages are related to well-being at age 34. Participants (N = 585) from three U.S. sites reported their marital and residential status at ages 18, 23, 28, and 34, when they also reported on physical, psychological, and social indicators of well-being. Findings suggest that being married compared to single earlier in adulthood is related to several indicators of better age 34 well-being. Cohabiting participants’ well-being was more similar to the well-being of the single than married participants on most indicators.

Household Cohabitation Patterns in Multiethnic Seventeenth-Century Lviv

Abstract Lviv, a mid-sized city in the eastern borderlands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, numbered approximately 10,000 inhabitants in the second half of the seventeenth century. Its wealth, strategic location, and role as a trade center with the East contributed to significant ethno-religious diversity, with influential communities of Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Armenians, and Jews, alongside the Catholic majority. Detailed analysis of the 1662 Lviv poll tax register and other sources reveals the social composition and size of individual households, as well as their location in the city, houses’ construction material, and plot sizes. The results reveal diverse domestic arrangements influenced not only by individual socio-economic factors but also by the structural and cultural characteristics of the urban space.

Re-convolving the compositional landscape of primary and recurrent glioblastoma reveals prognostic and targetable tissue states

Glioblastoma (GBM) diffusely infiltrates the brain and intermingles with non-neoplastic brain cells, including astrocytes, neurons and microglia/myeloid cells. This complex mixture of cell types forms the biological context for therapeutic response and tumor recurrence. We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to determine the cellular composition and transcriptional states in primary and recurrent glioma and identified three compositional ‘tissue-states’ defined by cohabitation patterns between specific subpopulations of neoplastic and non-neoplastic brain cells. These tissue-states correlated with radiographic, histopathologic, and prognostic features and were enriched in distinct metabolic pathways. Fatty acid biosynthesis was enriched in the tissue-state defined by the cohabitation of astrocyte-like/mesenchymal glioma cells, reactive astrocytes, and macrophages, and was associated with recurrent GBM and shorter survival. Treating acute slices of GBM with a fatty acid synthesis inhibitor depleted the transcriptional signature of this pernicious tissue-state. These findings point to therapies that target interdependencies in the GBM microenvironment.

The changing face of intimate premarital relationships in Taiwan

AbstractObjectiveThis paper examines changing intimate premarital relationships in Taiwan.BackgroundMarriages have been on the decline. Whether these foregone marriages are associated with a rise in cohabitation or other alternatives have become central to a thorough understanding of family changes, yet relevant research on Taiwan is limited.MethodsThe Taiwan Fertility and Family Survey collected nationally representative samples of 23,495 men and women aged 20–49 in four waves from 1998 to 2016. These were used to investigate changing patterns of cohabitation, marriage plans among cohabiting couples, premarital sex, and bridal pregnancies in addition to how the patterns vary by sex, education, and cohort.ResultsMore adults in Taiwan have experienced intimate premarital relationships since 1998, with a shift from no educational gradient to a negative one for cohabitation and premarital conception. These patterns were gendered during 2012–2016. With a persistently short duration and fewer adults living together with the idea of eventually getting married, cohabitation has become less of a prelude to marriage than an alternative to singlehood, and very few of these have involved children. These shifting behaviors have been driven mainly by the cohort replacement effect and intra‐cohort changes.ConclusionCohabitation has yet to become a long‐term stable union involving children. A lower birth rate caused by later and fewer marriages has not been offset by nonmarital births in cohabitation, and bridal pregnancies did not seem to have resulted in more marriages. Taiwan's socio‐cultural context likely plays a crucial role in the quasi‐Second Demographic Transition family changes here.

'Pooped in my yard and ate my grass last night': Wild burros and tales of belonging in Riverside County, California

Riverside County, California is home to several hundred free-roaming burros (donkeys) who frequent the open spaces surrounding and between the cities of Riverside, Moreno Valley, Loma Linda, and Redlands, as well as the public parks, private properties, residential developments and roadsides in these towns. Tales of more-than-human belonging (and not-belonging) in Riverside County render visible how multispecies places are mediated by infrastructures of consumption and infrastructures of reciprocity. Where infrastructures of consumption generate callousness, infrastructures of reciprocity sustain responsibility. We investigate these dynamics by tracing how two geographically close but infrastructurally distinctive spaces frequented by the area’s wild burros are storied. The semi-rural Reche Canyon Road connects California Highway 60 and the City of Moreno Valley to Riverside and San Bernardino County communities to the north. Burros who inhabit the canyon as their home range must contend with automobiles traveling at highway speeds and are frequently injured or killed there. The road’s design makes neither space nor time for the burros. In this setting, interspecies relationalities are embedded in, and curtailed by, the mundane violence of “roadkill” and its associated narratives of victimhood and tragedy. Infrastructural violence subsides notably in residential neighborhoods of the City of Moreno Valley frequented by the burros. How people and donkeys co-inhabit these neigborhoods is consistent with non-dualist practices of mutual accommodation theorized in multispecies urbanism literature. Here, more reciprocal infrastructures decelerate human and nonhuman animal mobilities, making both space and time for the emergence of more convivial patterns of multispecies cohabitation.

Romantic Partnerships and Criminal Offending: Examining the Roles of Premarital Cohabitation, Serial Cohabitation, and Gender

In the face of growing diversity in marital and cohabiting relationships, the impact of romantic partnerships on criminal desistance may likewise have grown complex. This study investigates how premarital cohabitation and serial cohabitation might influence criminal behavior. We also examine the role of gender in the desistance process. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that married men who cohabited with the spouse before marriage tended to commit more crimes than those who did not, whereas among married women premarital cohabitation was not associated with an increase in crime. In contrast, serial cohabitation’s effect did not vary by gender—male and female serial cohabitors both committed more crimes than one-time cohabitors. We conduct analyses to address selection and the findings are robust. Our work suggests that exploring heterogeneity within changing patterns of marriage and cohabitation is critical to understanding desistance from crime.

Family houses – building an intergenerational space in post-apartheid Namibia

ABSTRACT This qualitative study presents how intergenerational relationships have spatially shaped the former apartheid township Kuisebmond in Walvis Bay, Namibia. The apartheid housing, which was designed for nuclear families, now accommodates multiple generations. People in different age cohorts are distributed differently in space. People in late later life lived in the former township housing units, whilst people in early later life lived in backyard shacks or other rentals. Certain patterns of cohabitation with younger relatives were discernible. It is highly likely that the extended family will be an important facet of Namibian urban life in the foreseeable future, since traditional family patterns have been interpreted in an urbanised form. It is of great importance that housing can accommodate various versions of the extended family, necessary for family existence and intergenerational obligations of resource pooling.

Constructing Classes and Imagining Buildings: Urban Renewal and Transactions between Concepts and Materialities in Mumbai

AbstractThis paper deals with multi‐directional transactions between concepts and materialities in contemporary processes of urban renewal. Building upon insights gained from debates about the nature of materialities within urban geography, I treat buildings as complex associations of materials, technologies and human beings that are informed by concepts about social stratification and that simultaneously enact these concepts in the physical‐social landscape of the city. Processes of urban renewal therefore need to be understood as both conceptual and material interventions in the setup of the city that restructure the built environment, patterns of cohabitation, experiences of the urban and notions of self and other. I illustrate this approach with recourse to the case of urban renewal in the city centre of Mumbai, arguing that high‐rise buildings emerging from urban redevelopment projects translate the heterogeneity of the Indian middle classes into a spatial vocabulary that contributes to the creation of new social categories.

Household structure of older persons in Latin America and the CaribbeanA estrutura de moradia de idosos na América Latina e no Caribe

RESUMENObjetivo.Analizar las pautas de convivencia de la población de 60 años o más que reside en hogares privados en 23 países de América Latina y el Caribe.Métodos.Estudio transversal realizado con base en los microdatos censales más recientes disponibles en Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS)-International, la mayoría de ellos correspondientes a la ronda censal de 2010. Se calcularon y se compararon, para cada país y por sexo, el número medio de convivientes, su distribución por edad y las relaciones de parentesco que se establecen entre ellos. Se compararon, por país y por sexo, el promedio de convivientes en función del nivel de escolaridad y del estado civil.Resultados.El promedio del número de personas con las que convive la gente mayor difiere entre países. Oscila entre dos personas en países como Argentina, Puerto Rico y Uruguay, y cuatro o más personas en países como Honduras y Nicaragua. Esta diferencia resulta de la mayor o menor presencia de personas jóvenes, hijos y otros familiares en el hogar. El número de convivientes disminuye con el mayor nivel de escolaridad, salvo en Cuba y en Puerto Rico, donde no se observan diferencias. En general, las mujeres mayores viven en hogares con menos personas que los hombres, aunque no es el caso de las personas solteras o divorciadas.Conclusiones.La convivencia con hijos y otros familiares es habitual en la Región. Las diferencias entre países y por nivel educativo muestran que la familia juega un papel importante en la protección social de la vejez en los países menos desarrollados y en los grupos menos escolarizados.

Impact of irregular marital cohabitation on quality of life and sexual dysfunction in infertile men from upper Egypt.

ObjectiveIrregular patterns of marital cohabitation are a common problem in upper Egypt due to employment conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of irregular marital cohabitation on the quality of life and sexual function of infertile men.MethodsIn total, 208 infertile men were included and divided into two groups. The first group included 134 infertile men with an irregular pattern of marital cohabitation and the second group included 74 infertile men with a regular pattern of marital cohabitation. All subjects were assessed through a clinical evaluation, conventional semen analysis, the fertility quality of life (FertiQoL) questionnaire, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score, and the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PMEDT).ResultsThe two groups were compared in terms of conventional semen parameters, FertiQoL, IIEF-5 score, and PMEDT. Infertile men with an irregular pattern of marital cohabitation had significantly lower subscale and total FertiQoL and IIEF-5 scores. Additionally, they had significantly higher PMEDT scores. Erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation were more common in them than in infertile men with a regular pattern of marital cohabitation.ConclusionIrregular patterns of marital cohabitation had an adverse effect on quality of life and sexual function in infertile men.

Social Support in Patients With Sexual Dysfunction After Non-Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy: A Qualitative Study.

This study aimed to explore men’s experiences of social support after non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. A qualitative study based on Gadamer’s hermeneutic phenomenology was designed. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 men who had undergone a non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Data analysis was performed using ATLAS.ti software. From this analysis, two main themes emerged: “The partner as a source of support and conflict after a prostatectomy,” which includes empathetic reconnection with the partner and changes in sexual and cohabitation patterns and “The importance of social and professional circles,” which addresses the shortcomings of the healthcare system in terms of sexual information and counseling as well as the role of friends within social support. The study suggests the need to establish interventions that address interpersonal communication and attention to social and informational support and include both the patient and those closest to them.

Family Management Practices and Positive Youth Development in Stepfamilies and Single‐Mother Families

ObjectiveTo determine how engagement in family management practices (i.e., parent–youth closeness, knowledge of youth's friends, shared family meals, and media monitoring) is associated with positive developmental outcomes for youth living in diverse family structures.BackgroundAs patterns of unmarried childbearing, cohabitation, divorce, and remarriage have changed in the United States, youth increasingly live in diverse family structures. Limited research, however, addresses positive youth development in these families. Specific family tasks and caregiver constellations in the home may mean that youth in different family structures benefit differently from family management practices.MethodUsing data from 9,131 households with a 12‐ to 17‐year‐old child in the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children's Health, structural equation modeling was used to test whether four family management practices were associated with two positive youth developmental outcomes (flourishing and extracurricular activity participation). Multigroup analyses tested for differences in the associations across family structures.ResultsFamily management practices were generally positively associated with positive youth development. The strength of associations between specific family management practices and positive youth developmental outcomes, however, varied across family structures, suggesting that practices may have differing effectiveness depending on family context.ConclusionUnderstanding mechanisms that promote positive youth developmental outcomes in diverse family structures and how mechanisms may function differently across family contexts can broaden the sophistication of family theories and interventions.

Families and Households, Tenants and Lodgers: Cohabitation in an Early Modern Swedish Town, Linköping 1750–1800

This article explores household sizes, household structures, and patterns of cohabitation in a Swedish town (Linköping) during the second half of the eighteenth century. The analyses reveal discrepancies between different sources, tax records, and census records, indicating that it was sometimes difficult also for contemporary authorities to establish the exact number of households and to which household each individual belonged. However, this study can establish a long-term decline in household sizes. Furthermore, increasing complexities in terms of household structures and cohabitation patterns can be established.

The changing pattern of cohabitation: A sequence analysis approach

BACKGROUND During the last decades, nonmarital cohabitation has diffused throughout the industrialised world, although not uniformly. The Second Demographic Transition (SDT) predicts a convergence of cohabitation patterns towards a final stage in which cohabitation and marriage will be almost indistinguishable. OBJECTIVE This paper contributes to the literature on the convergence of cohabitation patterns across countries by testing whether countries are becoming more similar over time, as suggested by the SDT. METHODS We use sequence analysis and cluster analysis techniques to classify different patterns of cohabitation in France, Italy, Norway, Bulgaria, and the United States. Using data mainly stemming from the Gender and Generations Surveys (GGS), we analyse women's patterns of behaviour during the five years following the start of their first cohabitation, over a time span of three decades (1970s-2000s). RESULTS On the basis of sequencing the events of childbirth, marriage, and separation we are able to identify five different clusters corresponding to different ways of going through the cohabitation experience. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is a general decreasing trend of cohabitation as a premarital experience and an increasing trend of cohabitation as an alternative to marriage or as a free union. However, within this homogeneous trend, persistent peculiarities at the country level suggest that the selected countries are not simply at different stages of the same trajectory. CONTRIBUTION The classification that emerges from the data-driven approach combines several features of already existing typologies of cohabitation experience. Analysis of the data highlights country peculiarities in the development of the cohabitation experience, rather than the existence of a common path as predicted by the SDT.

Cohabitation Patterns and Incidence of Known and Suspected Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Cohabitation Patterns and Incidence of Known and Suspected Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Weaponry, size, and sex ratio affect spatial distribution within small and large groups of the maritime earwig (Anisolabis maritima)

AbstractDispersion patterns within a group can reveal important aspects about social interactions and sexual selection within a species. We examined the distribution patterns of the maritime earwig (Anisolabis maritima), an insect well suited for studies of aggression, sociality, and sexual selection since both sexes live in close proximity and possess weaponry in the form of sexually dimorphic pincers. To examine intra‐ and intersexual interactions within small groups, we conducted trials with three earwigs with limited access to shelters. In single‐sex trios, we found that both males and females exhibited strong size‐based intrasexual aggression, as larger individuals were less likely to be excluded from shelters; however, males were more likely to cohabitate than females. In mixed‐sex trios, we found that both males and females preferred smaller opposite‐sex partners, and cohabitation patterns indicate that both sex‐ and size‐based differences in aggression can influence overall spatial distribution. We also examined larger single‐sex and mixed‐sex groups of 18 earwigs to determine whether they had random, uniform, or clumped distributions. Similar to previous field observations, males tended to form aggregations, whereas females were distributed uniformly, a pattern indicative of territoriality. Mixed‐sex groups, on the other hand, were uniform during nocturnal periods of high activity but then become clumped after settling into more stable daytime positions. Overall, our results suggest that females have high levels of aggression regardless of the social context, whereas males alter their aggressive behavior in the presence of females.