Urinary Tract Infection Pattern Research Articles

Pattern of urinary tract infection in children with vesicoureteric reflux: Does breastfeeding reduce the occurrence of urinary tract infection?

The protective factors against urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the setting of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) remain poorly defined. Breastfeeding was suggested as a protective factor against UTI, but its role remains undetermined in this highly susceptible population. The objective of the study was to identify the pattern and risk factors of UTI and investigate the effect of breastfeeding on UTI occurrence in VUR children. This was a mixed-method design, whereby the first part was a cross-sectional study that included children who were diagnosed with VUR and were assessed for their UTI pattern. The second part was a case-control study, which involved contacting the mothers of the children enrolled and questioning them about their breastfeeding pattern, and UTI development was assessed. Our study included 62 children with a median age of 4.4 (interquartile range = 21) months at diagnosis. Of those, 37 (60%) were male and 25 (40%) were female. Most UTIs occurred in the first 3 months of life, and the first episodes were more frequent in males. Constipation was significantly associated with the occurrence of UTI (relative risk [RR] =1.750 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.231-2.489], P = 0.003). Children with breakthrough UTIs were more likely to have been breastfed for <9 months (odds ratio [OR] = 4.091 [95% CI: 1.287-13.002], P = 0.015) and to have been exclusively breastfed for <2 months (OR = 4.600 [95% CI: 1.337-15.823], P = 0.012). Children with VUR are more susceptible to UTIs in their 1st year of life. Constipation is a major risk factor for UTI occurrence in VUR children and should be aggressively managed. Breastfeeding for longer durations showed promising protective features against breakthrough UTIs.

Prevalence, Pathogenic Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection Among Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract.

The study was to detect the pathogenic bacterial profile and antibiogram among children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). A retrospective analysis was performed using medical records of urine culture results and antibiotic susceptibility results in patients with UTIs from March 2017 to March 2022. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by a standard agar disc diffusion method. A total of 568 children were included. The proportion of culture-positive UTI was 59.15% (336/568). More than nine types of bacteria were isolated with most pathogens being Gram-negative species. Among Gram-negative isolates, the predominant bacteria were Escherichia coli (30.95%, 104/336) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.23%). Escherichia coli isolates were highly sensitive to amikacin (95.19%), ertapenem (94.23%), nitrofurantoin (93.27%), imipenem (91.35%), and piperacillin-tazobactam (90.38%) and high rate of resistant were also detected to ampicillin (92.31%), cephazolin (73.08%), ceftriaxone (70.19%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (61.54%) and ampicillin-sulbactam (57.69%). Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed sensitive to ertapenem (96.77%), amikacin (96.77%), imipenem (93.55%), piperacillin-tazobactam (90.32%) and gentamicin (83.87%), while highly resistant were observed to ampicillin (96.77%), cephazolin (74.19%), ceftazidime (61.29%), ceftriaxone (61.29%), and aztreonam (61.29%). The isolated Gram-positive bacteria mainly contained Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium (each 15.77%). Enterococcus faecalis were sensitive to vancomycin, penicillin-G, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin and linezolid (100%, 94.34%, 88.68%, 88.68%, 86.79, respectively) and resistant to tetracycline (86.79%), quinupristi (83.02%), erythromycin (73.58%). Enterococcus faecium also showed a similar result. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was observed in 264 (80.00%) of the 360 bacterial isolates. Only age was significantly associated with a culture-positive UTI. A higher prevalence of culture-positive UTI was detected. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent uropathogen followed by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. These uropathogens showed highly resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. Moreover, MDR was commonly observed. Thus, empiric therapy is unsatisfactory as drug sensitivity always varies over time.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Maternity Clinic in Dambam, Bauchi State

Urinary tract infections (UTI) constitute the most common morbidity during pregnancy resulting in severe complications and fatality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care Clinic (ANC), at Dambam, Bauchi State. A total of 290 pregnant women aged 15 – 40 years (Mean age, 23.4 SD± 2.1 years) were screened for bacteriuria using standard microbiological method. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates was determined by Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on biodata and socio-demographic characteristics of the study population. The prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women screened was 17.24% (n = 50). Pseudomonas aeruginosa constitutes the most prevalent organism, 15 (5.17%) cultured, followed by Klebsiella spp 12, (4.14%) while Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus spp constitute the least isolates (1.38%) each. The study revealed a significant association (P_ &lt; 0.05, P = 0.000) between the frequency of bacterial isolates and marital status while other demographic characteristics such as educational status, age and occupation of the subjects did not indicate any significant relationship. Majority of the bacterial isolates were resistant to Cefalexin, Levofloxacin, and Clindamycin but were however, sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Considering the significant bacterial isolates from pregnant women investigated expressing some resistance against commonly used antibiotics, hence there is need for educational campaign to enlighten women about UTIs during pregnancy and useful prevention/control measures to checkmate associated complications and fatality. Keywords: Antenatal Care, Bacteriuria, Infection, Pregnant Women, Prevalence, Urinary Tract Infection.

Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in the First Year after Pediatric Renal Transplantation: A Preliminary Study.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common after pediatric renal transplantation, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria causing UTI is a therapeutic challenge in this regard. The main purpose of this study was to determine the UTI frequency, its etiologic agents, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern in the first year following renal transplantation in Iranian pediatric recipients. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, all of the 81 children who had undergone renal transplantation in Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital between 2012 and 2017 were enrolled. Confirmed episodes of UTI during the first year following renal transplantation were analyzed. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined for the causative agents of UTI. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 20). and the P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Totally, from 81 enrolled cases, 37(44.7%) cases were in the age group of 11-15 years. Overall, 19, 10, and 3 UTI episodes had occurred in the first month, from the first to sixth month, and between the sixth month and one year after transplantation, respectively. The four most common isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (E. coli; 31.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa; 25%), Enterococci (21.9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae; 12.5%). The highest rate of resistance was reported to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones among gram-negative bacteria. However, none of the Enterococci isolates were resistant to linezolid and nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: Resistance to antibiotics is increasing among the pathogens causing UTI in pediatric renal transplanted cases. It is suggested to stop the administration of TMP/SMX and third-generation cephalosporins for empiric treatment of UTI in Iranian pediatric renal transplant recipients. Ciprofloxacin might be administered cautiously secondary to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in this group.

Etiology, Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection Among Children (0 To 16 Years)

Objective: To determine etiology, sensitivity and resistance pattern of urinary tract infection in pediatrics age group 0 to 16 years at tertiary care hospital. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted inPediatric department of Aga khan university hospital and its affiliated secondary care centers in Karachi and Hyderabad. All urine culture proven children aged 0-16 years were included in the study. Urine culture showed growth of single pathogen and pathogen had more 10,000 colonies. Urine samples were obtained by SPA, clean catch, urinary catheter. Pre-designed proforma was used to note down the etiology and resistance pattern of urinary tract infection. SPSS version 25 was used to analyse data. Results: Of 177 patients, 70.1 % were females and 29.9% were males. Most common organism was E.coli 71.2% (n=126) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 16.9% (n=30). Proteus Mirabilis 6.8% (n=12), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5.1% (n=9). Most common organism E.coli was 78% and 72.7% sensitive to nitrofurantoin and amikacin respectively and 85.1%, 91.4% and 77.3% resistance to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin respectively. This study will help in choosing choice of antibiotic on empirical basis for better outcome in resources limited setting like in remote areas and reduced financial burden on community. Conclusion: E.coli was the most common bacterial isolates among children with UTI. Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin showed higher sensitivity against E.coli., while Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Ampicillin showed high resistance against E.coli. Keywords: Bacterial resistance, E.coli, urinary tract infection, paediatric population, antimicrobial sensitive

Bacteriological pattern of urinary tract infection in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Introduction/Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by narrowing of the prostatic urethra with resultant difficulty in passing urine, stasis, and a predisposition to urinary tract infection. The objective of this study is to identify the prevalence of urinary tract infections, common organisms isolated, their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, and the relationship of co-morbidities with urinary tract infection in this population. Materials and methods: All patients who presented to our urology team with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia between January 2020 and January 2021 were included. Information on age, occupation, co-morbid conditions, urine microscopy, culture, and sensitivity patterns were obtained and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Midstream urine samples were collected from 172 BPH patients. Microscopy, culture, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out. Results: From our study, the prevalence of bacteriuria was 67.9% with the 65-74 and 45-54 age groups having the highest and the least prevalence of bacteriuria (88.9% and 33.3% respectively). The most common organisms cultured from their urine were Pseudomonas (17.9%), E. coli (14.3%), Coliforms (10.7%), and Klebsiella (10.7%). Sensitivity patterns of these microorganisms revealed the highest sensitivity to the fluoroquinolones (25.9%) followed by Nitrofurantoin (14.8%) and Ceftriaxone and Cefoxitin (7.4%). The least sensitivity was to Augmentin and Gentamycin. Conclusion: Bacteriuria is common in patients with BPH. Pseudomonas spp was the commonest isolated organism in our study and most isolated organisms were susceptible to the fluoroquinolones.

Spectrum Of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in In Adults

Patients of all ages and genders regularly experience urinary tract infections. Antibiotic misuse has caused organisms to develop drug resistance, creating a treatment problem. Objective: To uncover risk variables and relationships, as well as the antibiotic susceptibility in UTI patients. Methods: Diabetes and non-diabetes with UTI were compared within groups using the Chi-square test, with a significant P-value of 0.05. Results: 32 (21.2%) were given empirical treatment with ciprofloxacin (11%), cefixime (5%), ceftriaxone (2.6%), cefoparazone-sulbactum (1.30%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (1.30%), ampicillin (1.30%), and co-trimoxazole (0.60%), respectively. E. coli was the most prevalent pathogen, with an isolation rate of 84%, followed by pseudomonas aeruginosa (6%), Serratia (3.3%), klebsiella (2.6%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.6%), Sternotophomus (0.7%), and MRSA (each in 0.7%). Ampicillin, Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Co-Trimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, Tetracycline, and Levofloxacin were all often resistant to, respectively, 87 percent, 83 percent, 78 percent, 78 percent, and 51 percent of these antibiotics. Conclusions: MDR prevalence is highest in gram-negative bacteria. The presence of diabetes mellitus and being a woman are significant risk factors for UTI, according to tests. Escherichia coli (84%) is the most common uropathogen. Carbapenems, piperacillin-tazobactam, Amikacin, Gentamicin, and cefoparazone-sulbactam (parenteral) as well as Nitrofurantoin are the preferred empirical treatments (oral). Hospitals and the nation at large should constantly examine and reassess their antimicrobial policies.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending Hargeisa Group Hospital, Hargeisa, Somaliland

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) among pregnant women attending Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH), Hargeisa, Somaliland. A cross-sectional study was conducted at HGH, Hargeisa, Somaliland and participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from 422 participants and cultured and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined for the isolates. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify the independent risk factors for UTI. The prevalence of UTI was 16.4% (95% CI 13.3–19.9). The predominant bacteria isolate was E. coli (43.5%) followed by Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) 11(16%), S. aureus 9(13%), K. pneumonia 6(8.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5(7.2%), Proteus mirabilis 4(5.8%), Citrobacter spp 3(4.4%) and M. morganii 1(1.5%) Gram negative bacilli were resistant to ampicillin (96%) and tetracycline (71.4%) and Gram-positive cocci were also resistant to ampicillin (90%), tetracycline (55%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 85.5% of bacterial isolated. No formal education participants, previous history of catheterization and previous history of UTI had 3.18, 3.22 and 3.73 times respectively more likely to develop UTI than their counterparts. Culture and susceptibility test is vital for appropriate management of UTI in the study area.

The Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance and Associated Factors in Gölcük of Kocaeli Region

The Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance and Associated Factors in Gölcük of Kocaeli Region

Emerging antibiotic resistance pattern of urinary tract infection (UTI) due to Escherichia Coli (E.Coli).

Objective: To determine the emerging antibiotic resistance pattern of adult patients of MDR UTI cases caused by E.Coli. Study Design: Retrospective Data. Setting: Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Madinah Teaching Hospital / University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad. Period: August 2016 to Sep 2018. Material &amp; Methods: This retrospective study included 187 patients meeting the operational definition of multi-drug resistance cases of urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. All cases either male or female of age above 15 years with positive reports of urine culture and sensitivity for E.coli were included in the study. Along with the demographic variables urine WBC’s, results of urine culture and sensitivity were noted. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of all the E.coli resistant UTI cases was analyzed. After identification of the microbe, antimicrobial sensitivity was accessed using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on the Mueller–Hinton agar. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed against E. coli strains by using the following antibiotics: Piperacilin, Amoxicilin-Calvulanic, Pipmedic Acid, Cefipime, Ceftrixone, Cefuroxime, Cefoperazone-sulbactam, Ceftazidime, Cephradine, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, ofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin, Tombramycin, Gentamicin, Linezolid, Doxycycline, Sulphamethoxazole, Imipenem, Meropenem, Aztreonam in order to obtain an antibiogram. Results: In our data, 66.8% (n=125) were MDR UTI, and more than half of these cases were 63.2% (n=79) were females. Among the total 187 cases, 97.3% patients were resistant to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics, 95.7% were resistant to most of the quinolones and 68.4% were resistant to most of the aminoglycosides. Conclusion: This increasing antibiotic resistance is very alarming and steps should be taken to reduce the misuse of antibiotics. Studies should be done to control the risk factors leading to E. coli UTI. By following proper pharmacological guidelines, principles to use antibiotics and manage outpatient cases of UTIs, the incidence of MDR UTI can be controlled.

Microbiological Analysis and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in Children, A Retrospective Study

Microbiological Analysis and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in Children, A Retrospective Study

Microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital

Urinary tract infection (UTI), of varying severity is one of the most commonly encountered ailments in nephrology outpatient department (OPD). The commonest pathogens causing community acquired UTI (CAUTI) are E. Coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. There is a rapidly rising trend of antibiotic resistance among these uropathogens, may be due to indiscriminate antibiotic usage and poor patient compliance. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all culture proven UTI cases that attended the nephrology OPD of S. K. hospital, Trivandrum from August 2017 to July 2019 (24 months). 130 males and 121 females were included in the study. The mean age of the study group was 62.8 years with a male predominance in the age group above 50 years and a female predisposition in less than 50 years group. Commonest pathogen isolated in urine culture was E. coli (52.98%) followed by Klebsiella (39.09%), Citrobacter (8.76%), Pseudomonas (8.37%), Enterobacter (2.39%), Enterococci (1.99%), Candida (1.59%), Acinetobacter (1.2%), Proteus (1.2%), Streptococci (1.2%) and Serratia (0.4%).

Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Pediatric urinary tract infections (UTI) are associated with significant morbidity and potential long term complication like extensive renal scarring leading to end stage renal disease. Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of treatment is necessary to prevent long term complications. Knowledge about bacteriological profile of pediatric urinary tract infections and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is helpful for initiation of empirical antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the causative bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of community acquired UTI in children attending outpatient department of a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in pediatric outpatient department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh over 6 month period from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. Children aged &lt; 12 year who presented with clinical features suggestive of urinary tract infection were subjected for urinary routine and microscopic examination and culture. Colony counts of the culture positive cases were done and antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns were studied. Samples with colony count of ≥ 105 CFU/ml were considered significant. Among the 134 clinically suspected cases significant bacteriuria was found in 81 (60.45%) children. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (74.1%) followed by Proteus (9.8%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%), Pseudomonas (6.2%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (1.2%). E. coli was found to be highly sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. Klebsiella showed good sensitivity against ciprofloxacin and imipenem whereas proteus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus saprophyticus showed sensitivity against imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin. Increased resistance was noted against the commonly used empirical antibiotics such as cephradin, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone and co-trimoxazole. Therefore, selection of empirical therapy should be based on local bacteriological profile and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.&#x0D; TAJ 2020; 33(2): 27-31

Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Ethiopia

Background Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered in pregnant women with significant morbidity. This study aimed to determine the bacterial profile and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at a Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH), Southern Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in which consecutive pregnant women enrolled in the study from March to June 2019. The structured questionnaire used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data in a face-to-face interview. Midstream urine was collected from pregnant women using sterile containers. Culture and sensitivity were performed using a standard operating procedure of the microbiology laboratory. Data entry and analysis were conducted using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive and logistic regression was used to conduct the output of the data. The odds ratio at 95% confidence interval was considered as a statistically significant association with a p value <0.05. Result The overall magnitude of urinary tract infection in this study was 7.8% (4.7–10.8%). Escherichia coli was found to be the most frequently isolated (47.8%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.7%), Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Citrobacter spp., Salmonella group A, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterobacter cloacae each (4.3%). Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to 78.3%, 91.3%, and 100% of ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to clindamycin (100%), gentamicin (100%), and nitrofurantoin (100%) and fully resistant to ceftriaxone (100%) and cefuroxime (100%). There is no statistically significant association (p < 0.05) between the risk factor of urinary tract infection and UTI. Conclusion The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care was 7.8%. Escherichia coli were the dominant isolate followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Gram-negative isolates are highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and ceftriaxone and Gram-positive isolates to gentamicin, clindamycin, and nitrofurantoin. Most of the bacteria are resistant to cotrimoxazole and cefuroxime. There is no statistically significantly associated variable. Screening for the presence of urinary tract infection during pregnancy will improve the quality of antenatal care further reducing complication. The above antibiotics can be prescribed based on the side effect to pregnant women in case empirical treatment is mandatory in the study area.

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG ADULTS IN CENTRAL PART OF NEPAL

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is characterized by pathological invasion of the urinary tract by microorganisms. Majorities of organisms causing UTI are gram negative bacteria, most common of which is E. coli. Urine culture and sensitivity test is used to isolate the organism and to identify the susceptible drug of choice for appropriate treatment. This hospital-based study was carried out to analyze the spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms causing UTI.&#x0D; Methods: A retrospective study was done to analyze the results of urine culture and sensitivity test done at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of two and half years. Standard guideline and protocol were used to collect the urine sample and to perform the test. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.&#x0D; Result: Out of 12, 925 urine samples submitted for culture and sensitivity test during the study period, bacterial pathogens were isolated from 3, 173 (24.54%) samples, which was significantly higher among females (28%) than the males (17%). The most common organism isolated on the culture was E. coli (68.5%) followed by Klebsiella (18.4%). Sensitivity of the uropathogens was seen highest with colistin (79.2%) followed by teicoplanin (64.58%), Aztreonam (63.25%) and Ni­trofurantoin (61.16%). Most common antibiotics that showed resistance to the microorganisms in this study were Ampicillin (60.93%), Cotrimoxazole (53.72%), Cefixime (40.57%) and Levofloxacin (32.93%).&#x0D; Conclusions: This study has found a usual pattern of UTI with higher prevalence among females and E. coli being the most common organism. Nitrofurantoin has been found to have a good sus­ceptibility for the treatment of UTI.

Bacterial Profile And Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern Of Urinary Tract Infection Among Children Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.

BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and important clinical problem in pediatrics. Recurrent UTIs may lead to renal scarring, hypertension, and end-stage renal dysfunction later in life. The objective of the study was to determine bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among children attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2013 to May 2013 among children 5–15 years of age with symptoms of UTI. Samples were processed for culture and identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done for positive urine cultures by the Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion method based on standards of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.2.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20 statistical software. Fisher’s exact test and binary logistic regression test results were used.ResultsA total of 259 urine samples were collected from children with UTI. The result revealed 41 (15.8%) samples had significant bacteriuria, among which the most prevalent pathogen was E. coli 14 (34.1%) followed by Pseudomonas species. Gram-negative bacteria showed high level of sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (70), norfloxacin (63.4%) and ceftriaxone (60%), whereas the level of resistance was high to ampicillin (80%) and nitrofurantoin (70%). Gram-positive isolates showed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (77.8%), penicillin (72.8%) and erythromycin (72.7%). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was 100% and 83.1%, respectively.ConclusionE. coli is the predominant bacteria isolated in the present study. The results showed that the prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic to commonly prescribed antimicrobials was high. Hence, the guidelines for empiric treatment of UTI should be re-evaluated periodically based on local studies.

A retrospective study on prevalence, bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infection in children of 2-12 years age in a tertiary care centre, Puducherry, India

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of acute bacterial illness in infants and children(1).Diagnosis is often missed in infants and children as urinary symptoms are minimal and nonspecific. It is becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among organisms.Method: It was done as a retrospective cross sectional study conducted on Children of 2-12 years of age suspected to have UTI from January 2018 to December 2018 in Pediatric Department of AVMCH.Results: Out of 286 children with symptoms suggestive of Urinary tract infection, 22(7.7%) were found to have culture positive UTI with 9.2% prevalence in 2-6 years age group as against 6.4% in 7-12 years of age group. Culture positive UTI was predominantly found in males in 2-6 years age group as against female predominance in 7-12 years age group. E. coli (45.5%) was the commonest organism isolated among them followed by Klebsiella. 90% of organisms were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin and 80% were sensitive to Amikacin(80%).Discussion: Culture positive UTI rate varies with gender and age group. It was predominantly found in males in 2-6 years age group as against female predominance in 7-12 years age group. E. coli and Klebsieella were the most common organisms with predominant sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin similar to other studies. Limitation of this study Retrospective study, small sample size and follow up for complications not done.Conclusion: This study concludes E. coli and Klebsieella were the most common organisms with predominant sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin. Antibiotics need to be selected based on organisms and their sensitivity pattern.

Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection among Women attending at CIMS, Bhopal

Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection among Women attending at CIMS, Bhopal

Prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infection among children with cerebral palsy, Moshi, Tanzania.

BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is a challenging yet common clinical condition. Children with CP bare the greatest risk of contracting UTI because of their difficulties in neuromotor control which lead to delay of bladder control, causing incomplete bladder emptying and urine retention.MethodThis was an analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted from September 2016 to March 2017 at Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania – Moshi and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Neurological Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic. All children who met the inclusion criteria were studied. Urine samples were collected at one point by catheterization, and urine dipstick and urine culture were done. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsA total of 99 children were enrolled in the study. The median age was 4 years (3–8 years); 53.5% were aged between 2 and 4 years. More than half were male. UTI was detected in 13.1% (n=13) of the children. Five causative agents of UTI were isolated, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The two most common organisms, E. coli and P. mirabilis, both had low sensitivity to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole while they were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.ConclusionUTI is a common finding among children with CP. E. coli and P. mirabilis are the commonest causative agents and are sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone but have low sensitivity to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole.

A Follow up Study of Bacteriology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common infection. The aim of this follow up study is to see the changing trends in bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among uropathogens in comparison to similar study 5 years back. Materials and methods: We performed a prospective study in Comilla medical college hospital, Bangladesh during the period of July 2015-June 2016. Urine samples from 658 suspected UTI patients aged above 12 years inoculated for semiquantitative urine culture and sensitivity test. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was done by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method following clinical laboratory science (CLS) program. Results: Culture passivity were in 198 samples among 658 inoculated samples. E. coli was isolated from 171(86%) samples which was the most predominant bacteria followed by Klebsiella and Enterococcus. UTI with E. coli was significantly increased in the year 2016 in comparison to 2011. Meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, tazobactum, gentamycin nitrofurantoin, and mecillinum, found sensitive against 88% to100% of the uropathogens. Bacteria offered high degree of resistance against commonly used antibiotics-amoxycillin, amoxiclav, cephradine and cefixime ranging 60% to 86%. Comparative study of 2016 vs. 2011 shows significant reduction in sensitivity for imipenum, ceftriaxone, amoxiclav and increased sensitivity for nalidexic acid, ciprofloxacin, mecillinum, colistin, cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: UTI with E. coli was significantly increased in the year 2016. This study failed to show a steady increase in resistance to all studied antibiotics. Imipenem, meropenem, tazobactum, amikacin and nitrofurantoin still remain more sensitive in this comparative study. Comparative study of 2016 vs. 2011 shows significant increasing resistance for imipenum, ceftriaxone, amoxiclav and increasing sensitivity for nalidexic acid, ciprofloxacin, mecillinum, colistin, cotrimoxazole.