Patterns Of Unintentional Injuries Research Articles

IJCM_266A: Epidemiological Factors and Patterns of Unintentional Injuries In Children (0-14years), Admitted At A Tertiary Health Care Center, Jabalpur M.P

Background: Injuries are a leading cause of mortality among children, responsible for roughly one million deaths worldwide annually. Unintentional Injuries constitutes 90% of these. Southeast Asian region contributes to about one-third of all global injuries but there is paucity of data from our setting Objective: To describe the pattern, epidemiological factors and outcome of unintentional injuries among children aged 0-14 years reporting at a Tertiary Care Centre. Methodology: A prospective observational study was done among children with unintentional injuries admitted under NSCB medical college and hospital, Jabalpur, between Sep-Oct 2023. All children age. Results: Out of 66 cases admitted, majority were males (53.03% vs 46.97% females). Among all, animal related injuries were highest, followed by fall- related, road-traffic accidents, burn, trauma, poisoning and drowning. In-hospital mortality (12%) was reported among very few. Most common age group affected was 11-14 years and least among infants. Most of the injuries were occurred in home (50%) followed by streets & highways (30%). One third of all were polytraumatic cases. In RTA pillion rider were commonly get injury than front riders and walkers. Conclusion: The results can help in designing injury prevention strategies and awareness programs in similar settings.

Frequency and Patterns of Unintentional Injuries among Children Aged Less than 14 Years in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Unintentional injuries occur very frequently in the paediatric age group. The major causes leading to unintentional injuries, such as poisoning, fires, drowning, and accidents, can vary according to age. Most of these injuries are preventable by modifying the child's environment or providing adult supervision. Aim: To study the frequency and patterns of unintentional injuries in the paediatric age group under 14 years in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the paediatric Outpatient Department (OPD) and emergency Department of Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India from June to November 2019. A total of 220 paediatric patients aged less than 14 years, who were admitted to the emergency Department with a history of unintentional injury, were included in the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured proforma containing details of age, education of the mother and father, type and place of injury, and other socio-demographic parameters. The nature of the injury was considered as the primary outcome variable. Statistical analysis was performed using coGuide. Results: In the present study, 220 children were included with a mean age of 6.12±3.74 years. The majority were male children 130 (59.09). The majority of the children (93.64%) were taken care of by their parents, and falls were the most commonly reported injury (55.00%), followed by falls of objects, poisoning, and Road Traffic Accidents (RTA). There was a statistically significant difference in mean age across the groups classified by the nature of their injury (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of falls was 55%. Other common unintentional injuries among children under 14 years of age included falls of objects, poisoning, RTAs, bites/stings, foreign bodies, burns, and drowning or near drowning. These injuries can be prevented by adult supervision and providing a safe, child-friendly environment for play

The Pattern of Unintentional Injuries and Poisoning Among Children Admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, From 2014 to 2018 in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Unintentional injuries and poisoning among children are prevalent and severe causes of hospitalization and impairment. The number of accidental injuries among children increases every year, leading to a huge burden on communities and health institutions. Methods This study is a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. Charts from January 2014 to December 2018 were reviewed to estimate the epidemiological distribution and types of unintentional injuries among children aged 14 years or younger, including newborns, who were admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results In this study, 353 children were included. Patients were those admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, due to unintentional injuries and whose age varies from birth to 14 years. Most of the injured children were males (60.1%), but interestingly more female patients suffered from fracture injuries than males. The most common injury was found to be falling (38.5%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTA) (26.1%). The frequency of different types of injuries varied among different age groups. Infants' injuries were mainly falling (50%), while RTA was the most common injury among adolescents (94.7%). Moreover, the head and neck area was the most affected site contributing 39.1% of all sites. Outcomes of the accidental injuries were assessed as full recovery, disability, or death. Conclusion This study showed the proportion of unintentional injuries among children from birth to 14 years old in KAMC, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Overall, the most prevalent type of injury found in our study was falling. Moreover, injuries were more common among male patients. We concluded that most injuries could be avoided if parents or children's guardians practiced protective strategies mainly by ensuring a safe and clear environment for the children.

Epidemiology of unintentional injury in children admitted to ICU in China mainland: a multi-center cross-sectional study.

BackgroundTo investigate the epidemiology of unintentional injury in children admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in China mainland.MethodsA total of 39 hospitals in 19 provinces contributed to the 1-day point prevalence study of serious unintentional injury in children aged 0–16 years admitted to ICU.ResultsA total of 1,017 patients from the 39 participating ICUs on the study day were included. Among them, 56 pediatric patients were identified to be suffered from unintentional injury from 18 participating ICUs, accounting for 5.5% (56/1,017) of all the ICU patients. The percentage of boys was more than twice the percentage of girls. Most patients had an age of less than 6 years old (n=42, 75%). The leading cause of unintentional injury was fall (n=17, 30.4%). The patterns of unintentional injury in children were age-related. There were no urban-rural differences in our cohort. The injury happened on 12:00–18:00 PM in 27 cases (48.2%), and 28 patients (50%) had injuries happened at working day. 35 patients (62.5%) received primary treatment at local hospitals. Thirty-five patients (62.5%) needed resuscitation in the emergency department, 15 patients (26.8%) still needed resuscitation in ICU. These 56 children suffered from a total of 106 lesions corresponding to 1.89 lesions per patient. Respiratory failure was most commonly seen (n=18, 32.1%). There was no death in our cohort during the study. After effective treatment during their ICU stay, 45 (80.4%) patients showed improvement, with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS) and Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III) score significantly better than those before treatment (P<0.05).ConclusionsHigher injury rates among children under 6 years old of age illustrate the need for preventive measures, especially programs and public policies targeting this high-risk group.

Unintentional Injuries in Children: A Hospital-Based Study in Trivandrum

Unintentional injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children around the world. A hospital based retrospective descriptive study was done in the Department of Pediatric Surgery of a tertiary care hospital in Trivandrum, to find out the pattern of unintentional injuries in children. The study population constituted, all children admitted with unintentional injuries for a period of 5years from 2016 to 2020. Mechanical Trauma (44.2%) was the most common reason for admission followed by Burns (37.9%) and foreign body (17.1%). Major reason for trauma was fall from height, and head injury was the most common type of injury. Preschool children were affected most. Large proportion of these children belonged to low socioeconomic group (85.6%). Injuries occurred commonly at homes and surroundings (91%), compared to other places. Majority of the injuries were moderate (88.46%) and remaining (10.05%) was severe requiring ICU care. The study highlights the different types of unintentional injuries requiring hospitalization; this will help to devise strategies aimed at prevention of unintentional injuries in children especially preschool children and those living below poverty line. Keywords: Unintentional Injuries, Children, Trauma.

Childhood home based unintentional injuries Surveillance in Punjab India

Objective1. To determine the prevalence and pattern of unintentional injuries among children2. To study the physical environment of house for various risk factors leading to unintentional injuries.IntroductionInjury and violence are public health problems now-a-days all over the world. Over 950000 children less than 18 years of age die as a result of injuries, 95% of which occur in low and middle income countries (LMIC) including India. Unintentional injuries account for 90% of these cases. The death rate due to unintentional injuries is almost double in LMIC as compared to developed countries. It is seen that most of childhood unintentional injuries occur in and around the home of children.India, with a population of app 1.25 billion, had about 40% children. India is passing through a major socio-economic, epidemiological and technological transition. Migration and rapid urbanization is contributing towards the development and growth. Mechanization is changing the traditional lifestyle and thereby resulting an increase in injuries in India. Despite efforts to understand the burden of injuries, the magnitude in terms of morbidity and mortality is still not clear as injury information did not receive much importance in the health sector.Few small studies have reported the prevalence and causes of childhood unintentional injuries. However, there is lack of proper surveillance data on burden of unintentional injuries among childrenMethodsWe conducted a surveillance study in 30 villages of Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. A total of 900 houses having at least one child below the age of 19 years formed the sample of study. The data pertaining to socio demographic profile, physical environment of house and injury details (in last 5 years) were recorded on the pre designed performa. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.ResultsIn the 900 houses, there were 1910 children below the age of 19 years. Of these houses, unintentional injuries to their children was observed in 386(42.9%) houses during the last 5 years. The prevalence of unintentional injuries among children was 20.6%. There were 60.1% children below the age of 5 years who suffered injuries. 67% of injuries occurred among male children. Majority of injuries (63.5%) occurred during evening time, of which 87.2% occurred while the child was playing in and around the home. Fall was the most common (64.5%) mode of injury followed by 12.3% cut injuries due to chopper/fodder cutter or old instruments/machinery lying the courtyard. There were 16 injuries due electric current, 6 cases of dog bite, 4 cases of drowning and 4 cases of unintentional ingestion of poisonous substance. 48.3% of injuries were severe, 35.9% minor, 9.4% trivial and 5.9% very severe. There were 2 fatal death also.ConclusionsThe burden of unintentional childhood injuries in India is substantial but it a neglected health problem. There is a strong need for continuous surveillance of childhood injuries in India using systematic techniques so as to plan for timely intervention.

Rate and pattern of unintentional injuries among 9-12 grades schoolchildren in Yemen and their associated factors.

:Background:The burden and pattern of unintentional child injuries in Yemen are not yet studied. This study aimed to determine the rate of unintentional injuries and their associated factors and describe the pattern of these injuries among schoolchildren in Sana'a city, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted among students in grades 9 –12 in Sana’a Capital City. A total of 10 schools were selected using multistage sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.Methods:A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted among students in grades 9 –12 in Sana’a Capital City. A total of 10 schools were selected using multistage sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results:A total of 1140 students (558 girls and 582 boys) participated in the study. Of all students, 550 (48.2%) students reported unintentional injuries during the last 12-months. In the multivariate analysis, boys were more likely to be injured compared to girls (OR = 1.6) and being a child of divorced or widowed parents was significantly associated with increased odds of injury (OR = 1.7). Age of the household head ≤ 45 years was associated with deceased odds of injuries (OR = 0.76). Fall was the leading cause of injury. More than half of girls (58.9%) and 30.9% of boys were injured at home. About two thirds (64.9%) of injuries affected the lower or upper extremities. One quarter of students (24.5%) received care for their injuries in outpatient clinics and 15.3% were hospitalized because of the injury. About 26.0% of injured students missed schools for one week or more. The vast majority of students (98.4%) recovered the injury while 1.6% of injuries resulted in disability. Conclusions:Schoolchildren in Yemen had a high rate of unintentional injuries being higher in boys and in children of divorced or widowed parents. These injuries should be recognized as a public health problem in Yemen and should be included in the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health agenda. The reported injury mechanisms and activities posing injury risks should have implications for future interventions and awareness programs.

A comparison of unintentional injury patterns occurring in two Swedish communities in 1978 and in 2008

Surveillance and analyses of unintentional injuries can be used to help prioritise community prevention efforts. This study describes changes in local patterns for unintentional injuries resulting in deaths, hospitalisations, and outpatient visits to health care clinics and emergency rooms, comparing information from two different study periods, 1978 and 2008, in the Swedish communities of Falköping and Lidköping. Injury cases were analysed, and confidence intervals were derived. The study results show that while most injuries decreased comparing the first study period to the second, these changes were only significant in terms of decreases in outpatient care. This study points to the importance of more systematic collection data of injury events treated at the outpatient level, particularly for communities where there are relatively low numbers of injury-related deaths and hospitalisations.

Child and youth injury prevention: A public health approach

The majority of child and youth injuries are preventable. This statement provides background, direction and a statement of commitment to the issue of child and youth injury prevention in Canada. It acts as a foundation to build upon by focusing first on definitions, scope and priorities for injury prevention. It also describes the burden and patterns of unintentional injury, and the principles of effective intervention for prevention. A list of resources for obtaining data and evidence-based information is included in the full-text version of this statement (www.cps.ca). This statement can also be used for broad-based injury prevention advocacy.

More Than Bike Helmets and Car Seats

More Than Bike Helmets and Car Seats

Incidence and pattern of unintentional injuries and resulting disability among children under 5 years of age: results of the National Health Survey of Pakistan

National estimates of injuries for children under 5 years based on population representative surveys are not readily available globally and have not been reported for developing countries. This study estimated the annual incidence, pattern and distribution of unintentional injuries according to age, gender, socio-economic status, urban/rural residence and disability caused among children aged under 5 years in Pakistan. The National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP 1990-94) is a nationally representative survey of households to assess the health profile of the country. A two-stage stratified design was used to select 3223 children under 5 years of age for interview and examination. Data were used for boys and girls in urban and rural areas over the preceding year. A community development index was developed to assess the relationship between socio-economic status and injuries. Weighted estimates were computed adjusting for complex survey design using surveyfreq and surveylogistic option of SAS 9.1 software. Post hoc power calculations were made for each variable keeping the design effect at 3.0. The overall annual incidence of unintentional injuries was 47.8 [95% CI 36.6, 59.0] per 1000 per year; 50.2 [95% CI 37.0, 63.4] and 45.2 [95% CI 29.4, 61.0] per 1000 per year among boys and girls under 5 years of age respectively. An estimated 1.1 million unintentional injuries occur in Pakistan annually among these children. Injury rates increase with age among the under-5s. Urban and rural injuries were 56.1 [95% CI 33.5, 78.7] and 44.1 [95% CI 31.1, 57.1] per 1000 per year respectively. The children living in least developed communities had almost 3 times higher risks of injuries than most developed communities. The annual incidence of types of injuries were: falls 28.7 [95% CI 19.5, 37.9], cuts/bruises 9.7 [95% CI 5.3, 14.1] and burns 6.6 [95% CI 3.0, 10.2] per 1000 per year. Falls were the most common type of injury (60%) followed by cuts/bruises (21%) and burns (14%). The majority of injuries occur at home (85%), with just 10% due to road traffic. Road traffic injuries and injuries to the female child were more likely to result in disability. There is a high burden of unintentional injuries and disability among children under 5 in Pakistan. These results are useful for planning further research and for prioritising prevention programmes nationally and in other developing countries with similar situation.

The Incidence and Patterns of Unintentional Injuries in Daily Life in Korea: A Nationwide Study

This study was conducted to estimate the cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of unintentional injuries in Korean daily life and to describe the pattern of unintentional injuries. The study population was the people who used the National Health Insurance because of injuries (ICD code: S00-T98) during 2006. The stratified sample according to gender, age and the severity of injury (NISS, New Injury Severity Score) was randomly selected. The questions on the questionnaire were developed as a reference for an international classification tool (ICECI, International Classification of External Causes of Injury). The questions included the locations of injury, the mechanisms of injury and the results of injury. Moreover, we used age, gender, region and income variables for analysis. The CIR of unintentional injuries that occurred in daily life for 1 year per 100,000 persons was 17,606, and the CIR of severe injuries was 286. Many injuries were occurred at home (29.6%), public places (19.0%), school (13.7%) and near home (12.0%). The major mechanisms of injuries were slipping (48.8%), contact (14.0%), physical over-exertion (13.8%), and fall (6.6%). Infants and old aged people were vulnerable to injuries, and those who lived rural area and who were in a low income level were vulnerable too. We signified the risk groups and risk settings of unintentional injuries in Korean daily life. These results could contribute to establishing strategies for injury prevention and implementing these strategies.

Unintentional injuries among primary and middle school students in Maanshan City, eastern China

To describe the rates and patterns of unintentional injuries among primary and middle school students in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Maanshan City of the Anhui Province in eastern China. All students attending six primary and four middle schools, selected randomly, were asked to report unintentional injuries occurring in the 12-mo period before the survey. The occurrence of unintentional injuries that resulted in medical attendance was summarized by study grade, sex, month and external causes. The annual event-based injury rate per 100 students was higher among boys (21.7) than girls (17.6). Only 1.9% of the episodes resulted in hospitalization, and 17.8% resulted in missing school. The most frequent injuries were falls (38.2%) and transportation-related injuries (19.6%). The risk of injury was lower in middle schools than primary schools. Distribution by month of occurrence showed two peaks in boys during spring and autumn, but no clear peak was observed in girls. The descriptive epidemiology of unintentional injuries among students in China provides useful information on the distributions in person, place and time, which in turn provide hints for the further exploration of possible risk factors that are important in planning strategies for future prevention.

Unintentional injuries among primary and middle school students in Maanshan City, eastern China

Abstract Aim: To describe the rates and patterns of unintentional injuries among primary and middle school students in China. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Maanshan City of the Anhui Province in eastern China. All students attending six primary and four middle schools, selected randomly, were asked to report unintentional injuries occurring in the 12‐mo period before the survey. The occurrence of unintentional injuries that resulted in medical attendance was summarized by study grade, sex, month and external causes. Results: The annual event‐based injury rate per 100 students was higher among boys (21.7) than girls (17.6). Only 1.9% of the episodes resulted in hospitalization, and 17.8% resulted in missing school. The most frequent injuries were falls (38.2%) and transportation‐related injuries (19.6%). The risk of injury was lower in middle schools than primary schools. Distribution by month of occurrence showed two peaks in boys during spring and autumn, but no clear peak was observed in girls. Conclusion: The descriptive epidemiology of unintentional injuries among students in China provides useful information on the distributions in person, place and time, which in turn provide hints for the further exploration of possible risk factors that are important in planning strategies for future prevention.

Community-based assessment of unintentional injuries: a pilot study in rural Vietnam

Although unintentional injuries are recognised as a major public health problem globally, little is known about their patterns and rates at the community level in most low-income countries. Rapid social development, leading to increased traffic and industrialization, may be changing patterns of injury. Injuries within the home environment have not so far been recognized to the same extent as traffic and work-related injuries in Vietnam, largely because they have not been effectively counted. This study took place in northern Vietnam, in the context of a longitudinal community surveillance site called FilaBavi, as a pilot project aiming to determine the community incidence of unintentional injury and to explore appropriate methods for community-based injury surveillance. An initial study population of 23,807 was identified and asked about their experience of injury in the preceding three months. Overall 450 new injuries were detected over 5,952 person-years, a rate of 76 per 1,000 person-years. Males were injured at 1.6 times the rate of females, and home and road traffic accidents were most common. Most injuries occurred during unpaid household tasks. Cutting and crushing injuries occurred most frequently. Of 221 deaths from all causes in the FilaBavi population during 1999 among 43,444 person-years, 25 were attributed to unintentional injuries and two to suicide. Unintentional injury was the third leading cause of death in this community, with a case-fatality rate of 0.8%. The findings suggest that greater attention needs to be directed toward the prevention of injuries occurring in the home in rural Vietnam. On the basis of this pilot study, a one-year study using the same approach is under way to characterize the patterns of unintentional injury in more detail, including any seasonal variation.

Unintentional Injury Among Very Young Children: Differential Risk for Children of Adolescent Mothers?

In 2 studies we examined patterns of unintentional injury among children under the age of 3 years old born to adolescent mothers. The first study demonstrated that toddlers and male children incurred the highest rates of unintentional injury. Furthermore, there was a trend for toddlers of adolescent mothers to be at greater risk compared to infants or children of adult mothers. The second study demonstrated that the more time infants and toddlers spent with their adolescent mothers, the higher the frequency of injury. Furthermore, correlations indicate that as the child's age increases, mothers feel less supported and more depressed.

Patterns of unintentional injury in childhood and their relation to socio-economic factors

Patterns of unintentional injury in childhood and their relation to socio-economic factors

Patterns of unintentional injury in childhood and their relation to socio-economic factors

Objective: To estimate the rate of childhood injury resulting in attendance at Accident and Emergency Departments, to describe the types of accidents and injuries seen and to relate these to socio-economic indices for ward of residence. Methods: Data were collected from Accident and Emergency records, on every fifth day for a year, for children 0–14 y, who attended following unintentional injury and were resident within the study area. Results: 1147 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The annual rate of attendance was 138.2 per 1000. There was a higher rate of attendance in boys than in girls in all age groups and the gender difference was particularly marked for severe injuries. Social deprivation, measured by Townsend score, of ward of residence was a powerful predictor of risk of attendance; accounting for 33% of the variance between wards. Conclusion: Unintentional injury results in high rates of attendance at Accident and Emergency Departments although the rates in this community were substantially lower than those reported from elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Risk of injury was strongly related to social disadvantage. District based data collection can be used to facilitate the development of priorities and a locally applicable safety agenda for children..