Sedentary Behavior Patterns Research Articles

Comparison of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Patterns by Sex, Geographical Location, and Time of the Week in Mexican Adolescents

Background: Excess sedentary behaviour (SB) and insufficient physical activity have been identified as risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents, and some factors may affect how much time they spend on these activities. This study sought to compare the SB and PA patterns as well as compliance with PA recommendations by sex, geographical location, and time of the week in Mexican adolescents. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, we objectively assessed SB and PA in 106 adolescents (15 to 18 y) through waist-worn accelerometers for one week. The time spent in SB and in PA at different intensities was compared by sex, geographical location and time of the week with two-way and three-way repeated measures MANOVAs, while the compliance with physical activity recommendations (i.e., ≥60 min/day) was compared using chi-squared and McNemar tests. Results: Male participants spent more time in moderate, vigorous, and moderate to vigorous PA than females both during the whole week and on weekdays (all p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in SB nor PA by geographical location (i.e., metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan areas). Moreover, all participants spent more time on moderate, vigorous, and moderate to vigorous PA on weekdays than on weekends (p < 0.05). Compliance with international PA recommendations also showed a sex difference (males > females) and change between weekdays and weekends with no difference by geographical location. Conclusions: While geographical location does not seem to be a relevant factor, sex and time of the week appear to influence the SB and PA patterns in Mexican adolescents.

24-hour Movement Behaviour study—Lithuanian protocol: a comprehensive overview of behaviours and health outcomes in adolescents

The 24-hour Movement Behaviour (24-h MovBeh) paradigm, encompassing physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep patterns, is recognised as a holistic approach to adolescent health. It emphasises promoting PA,...

24-hour Patterns Of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, And Sleep During A University Program For Faculty And Staff

24-hour Patterns Of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, And Sleep During A University Program For Faculty And Staff

Do personality profiles contribute to patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adulthood? A prospective cohort study

BackgroundDespite the observed associations of personality traits with levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB), studies exploring whether the personality profiles differ in terms of the pattern of accumulation of physical behavior are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify adults’ personality profiles and to characterize and investigate how these profiles differ in physical behavior.MethodsThe study utilized the longitudinal data of the participants of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (n = 141–307). Information on the five-factor model of personality, including the traits of neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and agreeableness, was collected at ages 33, 42, 50, and 61 years, and used to create latent personality profiles. Physical behavior, operationalized as the amount and accumulation of MVPA and SB bouts, was captured using a triaxial accelerometer worn during waking hours at age 61 years. The differences in the behavior between the personality profiles were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsFive personality profiles were identified: resilient (20.2%), brittle (14.0%), overcontrolled (9.8%), undercontrolled (15.3%), and ordinary (40.7%). Although there were no statistically significant differences between the personality profiles in the time spent in MVPA relative to SB (MVPA per hour of daily SB), individuals with resilient (low in neuroticism and high in other traits) and ordinary (average in each trait) profiles had MVPA-to-SB ratios of 0.12 (7 min) and those with a brittle (high in neuroticism and low in extraversion) profile had a ratio of 0.09 (5.5 min). The individuals in the resilient group exhibited a longer usual MVPA bout duration than those in the overcontrolled (low in extraversion, openness, and agreeableness) (8 min vs. 2 min) and undercontrolled (high in openness and low in conscientiousness) groups (8 min vs. 3 min). They also exhibited a longer usual SB bout duration than those in the ordinary group (29 min vs. 23 min).ConclusionsThe resilient group displayed the most prolonged MVPA and SB bout patterns. The results suggest that personality characteristics may contribute to how MVPA and SB are accumulated.

Effects of a multicomponent training and detraining on frailty status, physical activity level, sedentary behavior patterns and physical performance of pre-frail older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

To evaluate the effects of a multicomponent training protocol and detraining on frailty status, physical activity level, sedentary behavior patterns, and physical performance in pre-frail older adults. A randomized controlled blinded trial was conducted with pre-frail older adults (74.8 ± 6.4years, 70.4% female), who were allocated to receive a multicomponent training (MulTI = 16) or control group (CG = 11), which received guidance to maintain their daily living habits. Assessments of the frailty phenotype, physical activity levels measured by accelerometer, and physical performance (gait speed, timed up and go, short physical performance battery) were conducted at pre-intervention, post-intervention (16weeks), and follow-up (6weeks). The effect of the intervention was analyzed using the marginal homogeneity test and the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. All older adults who received the MulTI reversed their frailty status to non-frail (p < 0.001), and after follow-up, 87.5% remained non-frail. In the CG, one older adult reversed their frailty status to non-frail and another became frail (p > 0.05), maintaining this status after the follow-up period. Furthermore, only the older adults in the MulTI showed an improvement in gait speed post-intervention, which was maintained through follow-up (p = 0.008). No changes were observed in the other variables. The MulTI was efficient to reverse the process of frailty and improving gait speed in pre-frail older adults. However, receiving only the MulTI was not sufficient to increase physical activity levels and reduce sedentary behavior patterns, necessitating the implementation of behavioral change strategies. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03110419.

Cardiometabolic disease risk in relation to objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour in South African adults with knee and hip osteoarthritis

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic disease risk and time spent in device-measured activity behaviours in a cohort of people with advanced osteoarthritis (OA) awaiting joint replacement surgery. Materials and methods Cardiometabolic risk biomarkers were assessed in people with OA (n = 96; hip n = 38, knee n = 58; mean (SD) age = 64.3 (9.8) years; 71% female). Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) were measured by accelerometer over seven days (24 h/day). Results There were similar patterns of PA and SB between the hip and knee OA participants except for total number of steps (hip = 3365 (2926) vs knee 4344 (2836) steps/day; p = 0.018) and total stepping time (hip = 50.8 (38.2) vs knee = 67.2 (38.5) min/day; p = 0.005). Each additional cardiometabolic risk factor accumulated was associated with a 26.3 min/day increase in sedentary behaviour (p = 0.032; 95% CI: 2.3, 50.2), a 26.3 min/day decrease in upright time (p = 0.032; −50.2, –2.3) and a 23.6 min/day decrease in standing time (p = 0.032; −45.1, –2.1). Conclusions In people with hip or knee OA, increased cardiometabolic disease risk was associated with more sitting and less upright and standing time. Findings support targeting reductions in sedentary behaviour for improvements in cardiometabolic health in people with osteoarthritis. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Knee and hip osteoarthritis is a condition which is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease but also due to the low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behaviour. Offsetting sedentary behaviour with light physical activity offers a feasible interventional target to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease in people with hip and knee osteoarthritis.

The association between objectively-measured sedentary behavior patterns and predicted 10-year ASCVD risk

This study aims to investigated the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and predicted 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and determine whether the associations differ by how the behavior is accumulated, in US middle-aged and older adults. Cross-sectional data were derived from national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2003–2006. Seven-day wearing of accelerometer was used to assess SB pattern, exported as total SB, bouts of 1–9, 10–29, 30–59 and ≥ 60 min SB. Predicted 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated using validated pooled cohort equations. Linear regression was used to estimate adjusted coefficients. A total of 2327 participants were enrolled with mean age of 56.9 and mean predicted 10-year ASCVD risk of 10.7%. We observed significant associations of total SB and its longer accumulated patterns with higher 10-year predicted ASCVD risk, in a linear fashion and independent of a list of covariates. A 30 min increment per day of total SB, bouts in 10–29, bouts in 30–59 and bouts in ≥ 60 min were associated with 0.14, 0.14, 0.23 and 0.12% higher multivariable-adjusted 10-year predicted ASCVD risk. There are significant associations of total SB as well as its longer accumulated patterns with higher 10-year predicted ASCVD risk, independent of a list of covariates and in a linear fashion. The result indicates that reducing total sedentary time and interrupting long duration of prolonged SB, could be meaningful to for public guideline to lessen the personal and public health burden of cardiovascular health.

Walking in their shoes: an ecological momentary assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among urban and rural older adults

This study examines patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in individuals aged 65 years and older in the Beira Baixa region of Portugal with the aim of identifying differences between rural and urban settings. We analyzed data from 40 participants, including 19 rural residents (mean age = 74.7 years, SD = 8.5 years) and 21 urban residents (mean age = 70.1 years, SD = 5.2 years), using a retrospective cross-sectional design complemented by an ecological momentary assessment to capture real-time behavior. The thematic analysis revealed that both cohorts were predominantly sedentary, especially in terms of television consumption. Physical activities were mainly limited to tasks such as housework, gardening and occasional walking, with minimal social interactions. Urban participants, in particular, reported meeting more frequently with family at home and in the neighborhood. Both groups primarily used indoor spaces and nearby streets for physical activity. Our findings highlight the urgent need for tailored weekend physical activity programs to improve sedentary lifestyles among older adults in both rural and urban areas. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the specific leisure-time preferences and activity patterns of older Portuguese adults, providing a basis for the development of adaptive, age-appropriate interventions. Keywords: Movement behaviors, ageing, observational study, real-time data capture

Reliability and Validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire for Portuguese Adults.

The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) has been used often to assess physical activity (PA) patterns. However, the European Portuguese version of this instrument has not been validated. We aimed to validate the self-administered GPAQ, version 2, (GPAQv2) for Portuguese adults. We included 32 participants in a pilot study of a Portuguese adaptation of the test and 108 participants in an assessment of their PA patterns and sedentary behavior (SB) through the GPAQv2. For its validation, we compared the GPAQv2 to the International PA Questionnaire-Long Form (IPAQ-LF) (concurrent validity) and the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer (criterion validity). We evaluated PA and SB at baseline and after seven consecutive days. Test-retest reliability with the Kappa test (k) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from strong to almost perfect (k: 0.864-0.976) and from moderate to excellent (ICC: 0.56-0.994), respectively. Concurrent validity, assessed by Spearman's Correlation Coefficient, was moderate to substantial (rho: 0.471-0.680), and there was fair to substantial criterion validity (rho: 0.226-0.672). Bland-Altman plots showed that the GPAQv2 overestimated vigorous and moderate to vigorous PA and underestimated moderate PA. The largest difference values were related to SB, since the GPAQv2 underestimated sitting time. In sum, we found the GPAQv2 to have acceptable validity and reliability for assessing PA and SB patterns, and we recommend its use for Portuguese adults.

Associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour with physical function among older women: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationships between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with physical function (PF) among older Chinese women in the community.MethodsThe present study comprised 1,113 community-dwelling older females, with an average age of 65 ± 2 years. We employed a linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship between patterns of PA and SB with PF. PA variables consisted of total PA time, bouted PA time (a continuous PA that lasts equal to or more than 10 min), and sporadic PA time (a continuous PA that lasts less than 10 min). SB variables included total SB time, 30-min bout of SB (a continuous SB that lasts equal to or more than 30 min), and 60-min bout of SB (a continuous SB that lasts equal to or more than 60 min). PF variables comprised handgrip strength (HGS), one-legged stance test with eyes closed (OLSTEC), usual walking speed (UWS), maximum walking speed (MWS) and chair-stand time (CT). To explore the joint effects of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) and SB on PF, we divided the duration of SB and MVPA participation in older women into different combinations: low MVPA & high SB, low MVPA & low SB, high MVPA & high SB, high MVPA & low SB.ResultsThe study revealed a significant association between 30-min bout of SB and CT, which remained after adjusting for total MVPA time (P = 0.021). Both total MVPA and bouted MVPA were found to be positively associated with better UWS, MWS, CT, and PF Z-score. When the combination of low MVPA & high SB was used as a reference, the regression coefficients for PF ascended by 1.32 (P < 0.001) in the high MVPA & high SB group and by 1.13 (P < 0.001) in the high MVPA & low SB group.ConclusionsA significant association was observed between poorer lower limb function and prolonged, uninterrupted SB in older women, rather than with the total SB time. Concurrently, the insufficient engagement in MVPA may also be a crucial factor contributing to poorer PF in older women. Engaging in longer durations and higher intensity of PA, such as bouts of MVPA lasting a minimum of 10 min or longer, may contribute to better PF.

Association of accelerometer measured sedentary behavior patterns with cognitive functions in sedentary office workers: Insights from SMART-STEP study

BACKGROUND: High levels of sedentary behavior in workplaces are currently recognized as an independent risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and poor mental health. However, sedentary patterns vary between workdays and non-workdays, which may influence cognitive functions. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to quantify and compare work and nonwork device-measured sedentary time (ST) and its association with cognitive function in Indian office workers. METHODS: In an ongoing randomized controlled trial (SMART-STEP), the baseline data of 136 full-time office workers, including accelerometer-measured sedentary patterns and cognitive functions, were analyzed. The ST was measured using a hip-worn accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) for seven days, and executive functions were measured using computer-based tests. Linear regression models were employed to analyze the relationships between ST and executive function measures. RESULTS: The median daily ST of Indian office workers was 11.41 hours. The ST was greater on both workdays (11.43 hrs.) and non-workdays (11.14 hrs.) though different (F = 6.76, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.032). Office workers accumulate more prolonged sitting bouts (+21.36 min) during work days than non-workdays. No associations between device-measured ST and executive functions were observed. CONCLUSION: Indian office workers exhibited high ST patterns, especially on workdays. Although lower than workdays, Indian office workers exhibited more ST patterns during non-workdays than did their Western counterparts. Culturally adaptable workplace and leisure time physical activity interventions are needed to address the high ST of Indian office workers.

Sedentary patterns and health outcomes in the oldest-old: a latent profile analysis

Background Sedentary behavior is most prevalent among those aged 80 years and above, referred to as the oldest-old. Current literature emphasizes the significance of sedentary behavior patterns, but further evidence is required to understand how these patterns relate to specific health outcomes and to identify at-risk profiles for tailored interventions in the oldest-old. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify profiles of adults aged 80+ years based on their sedentary patterns and health outcomes, and to examine associations between profiles and socio-demographics. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Flanders (Belgium) from February 2021 to December 2022 recruiting 90 older adults (80+) through convenience sampling, employing word of mouth, social media and local service centers. Latent profile analysis identified device-based sedentary patterns and assessed their associations with physical and cognitive functioning, mental health-related quality of life (QoL), and social isolation. Associations of these profiles with socio-demographic factors were analyzed. Results Three distinct profiles were identified: (1) the ‘cognitively and physically frail’ profile, (2) the ‘healthy’ profile and (3) the ‘lower mental health-related QoL’ profile. Those in the ‘cognitively and physically frail’ profile exhibited the least favorable sedentary pattern, and had a higher likelihood of residing in a nursing home. No significant differences were found for the other socio-demographic variables, being age, sex, educational degree and family situation. Conclusions Three distinct profiles in the oldest-old population, based on cognitive and physical functioning, mental health-related QoL, and sedentary behavior patterns, were identified. Lower physical and cognitive functioning was associated with unhealthy sedentary patterns. Further research with larger samples is crucial to uncover potential links between socio-demographics and at-risk subgroups, enhancing our understanding of sedentary behavior and geriatric health outcomes in this population.

Physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour patterns in patients attending a phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation program: does age matter?

Physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour patterns in patients attending a phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation program: does age matter?

Causal effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the risk of alcohol dependence: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundAlcohol dependence, influenced by physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, lacks clear causal clarity. This study aims to clarify causal relationships by estimating these effects using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). MethodsA bidirectional multivariable two-sample MR framework was employed to assess the causal effects of PA and sedentary behavior on alcohol dependence. Summarized genetic association data were analyzed for four PA-related activity patterns—moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), accelerometer-based physical activity with average acceleration (AccAve), and accelerometer-based physical activity with accelerations greater than 425 milli-gravities (Acc425)—and three sedentary behavior patterns—sedentary, TV watching, and computer use. The study was expanded to include the examination of the relationship between sedentary behavior or PA and general drinking behavior, quantified as drinks per week (DPW). We obtained summarized data on genetic associations with four PA related activity patterns (MVPA, VPA, AccAve and Acc425) and three sedentary behavior related behavior patterns (sedentary, TV watching and computer use). ResultsMR analysis found AccAve inversely associated with alcohol dependence risk (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80–0.95; p < 0.001), MVPA positively associated (OR: 2.86; 95%CI: 1.45–5.66; p = 0.002). For sedentary behavior and alcohol dependence, only TV watching was positively associated with the risk of alcohol dependence (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.09–1.88; p = 0.009). No causal links found for other physical or sedentary activities. Reverse analysis and sensitivity tests showed consistent findings without pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Multivariate MR analyses indicated that while MVPA, AccAve and TV watching are independently associated with alcohol dependence, DPW did not show a significant causal relationship. ConclusionsOur results suggest that AccAve is considered a protective factor against alcohol dependence, while MVPA and TV watching are considered risk factors for alcohol dependence. Conversely, alcohol dependence serves as a protective factor against TV watching. Only TV watching and alcohol dependence might mutually have a significant causal effect on each other.

Seasonal differences in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep patterns in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait

AimsThe main aim of the current study was to measure physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep levels across the different seasons in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait. MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to September 2022. Physical activity and sleep metrics were measured over a 7-day period with a wrist-worn accelerometer (GENEActiv). Overall physical activity was measured as a Euclidean Norm Minus One in milli gravitational units (mg). Accelerometer metrics were compared across the seasons and between the sex. ResultsA total of 784 people with type 1 diabetes participated. Mean daily physical activity was 25.2 mg (SD = 7.3). Seasonal differences were seen in overall physical activity (p = 0.05), inactivity (p = 0.04), light activity (p = 0.001), the intensity gradient (p = 0.001) and sleep efficiency (p = 0.02). Poorer metrics were generally seen in Spring and Summer. Overall physical activity, moderate and vigorous physical activity, and inactivity were significantly higher in males compared to females (p ≤ 0.02). Females had a longer sleeping duration (p = 0.02), and higher sleep efficiency (p = 0.04) and light physical activity (p = 0.01). Overall physical activity and the intensity gradient were negatively associated with HbA1c (both p = 0.01). ConclusionsPhysical activity levels were generally low and sleep poor in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait and these varied by sex and season. The current data are useful to target and develop interventions to improve physical activity and glycemic control.

Sedentary behavior patterns and bone health among overweight/obesity older women: a cross-sectional study.

Recent studies have indicated an association between sedentary behavior (SB), particularly patterns of SB, and bone health. However, it remains uncertain how different patterns of SB in overweight/obesity older women impact their bone health. This study aimed to investigate the association between objectively measured SB patterns and bone health in Chinese community-dwelling overweight/obesity older women. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a baseline survey of Physical Activity and Health in Older Women Study. Quantitative ultrasound was used to measure speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), bone quality index (BQI) and T value to evaluate bone health. SB patterns were measured using triaxial accelerometers, including sedentary time in SB bouts of ≥ 10, 30, and 60 min, number of SB bouts ≥ 10, 30, and 60 min. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the associations of different SB patterns with bone health. After adjusting for confounders, sedentary time in SB bouts ≥ 60 min, number of SB bouts ≥ 60 min were significantly associated with bone health, with a lower SOS [β = -2.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.96 to -0.53, P = 0.015], BUA (β = -1.20, 95% CI: -2.14 to -0.26, P = 0.013), BQI (β = -1.56, 95% CI: -2.63 to -0.49, P = 0.004), T value (β = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.14 to -0.03, P = 0.004) per 60 min increase of sedentary time in SB bouts ≥ 60 min, and a lower SOS (β = -3.97, 95% CI: -7.54 to -0.40, P = 0.029), BUA (β = -1.80, 95% CI: -3.44 to -0.16, P = 0.031), BQI (β = -2.28, 95% CI: -4.08 to -0.47, P = 0.014) and T value (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.22 to -0.03, P = 0.013) per bout increase of SB bouts ≥ 60 min, respectively. Limiting the duration of prolonged sedentary bouts and minimizing the occurrence of number of SB bouts ≥ 60 min could be essential in bone health management, especially for those older people who are overweight/obesity.

Patterns of sedentary behavior among older women with urinary incontinence and urinary symptoms: a scoping review

BackgroundIndependent of physical activity, sedentary behavior has emerged as a significant risk factor for health. Particularly, older adults spent as high as 13 h daily on sedentary activities, which account for 98% of their awake times. Although there is growing evidence revealing the potential association between sedentary behavior and urinary incontinence (UI) across populations of different ages, the relationship between sedentary behavior and urinary symptoms in older women, who are twice as likely to have UI than older men, has not been reviewed. This scoping review aimed to synthesize available evidence of the relationship between sedentary behavior and urinary symptoms in noninstitutionalized older women.MethodsSix electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Ovid Nursing Database, EMBASE, and MEDLINE) were searched from their inception to April 2023. Observational and experimental studies that measured sedentary behavior using objective and/or self-reported methods in older women aged 60 + years having any type of UI, with English full texts available, were included. Relevant data, including sedentary patterns (types, definitions, measurements, and daily patterns) and UI types were tabulated. A narrative synthesis of the findings was also conducted.ResultsA total of seven studies (n = 1,822) were included for review and reporting. Objective measurement showed that older women with UI were engaged in > 8 h sedentary activities daily (493.3–509.4 min/day), which accounted for 73% of their awake times. The duration of self-reported sedentary behavior was lower than the time measured objectively, and the average weekday sitting time was 300–380 min/day. With or without adjustment for confounding factors (e.g., age and number of vaginal deliveries), the daily proportion of sedentary time and average duration of sedentary bouts were positively associated with the prevalence of urgency UI. Notably, sedentary patients with UI were more likely to have lower urinary tract symptoms, including bothersome incontinence, to use incontinence products, and to have nocturia episodes, than their age-matched counterparts who were less sedentary.ConclusionOur findings suggest a potential relationship between sedentary behavior and UI in older women, but the causality of the relationship remains unclear. To further inform the clinical role of sedentary behavior in the context of UI, a greater number of rigorous studies with a prospective study design is urgently needed.

Abstract P274: Beyond MVPA: Machine Learning Insights Into Activity Patterns and Cardiometabolic Health in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004

Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) volumes and patterns may be useful in identifying individuals who are at elevated cardiometabolic risk. Identifying individuals at risk will facilitate early interventions for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this project is to identify important free-living physical activity patterns to classify cardiometabolic markers including insulin, plasma glucose, and triglyceride. Methods: We used cross-sectional NHANES 2003-2004 accelerometer, blood exam and demographic data. We included adults age ≥18 years who wore a hip-worn ActiGraph 7164 during waking hours for at least 4 days of 10 hours/day of wear time. We included PA and SB predictors including minutes per day (min/d) in sedentary time (0-99 counts per minute, cpm), light intensity PA (100-759 cpm), Lifestyle PA (760-2019 cpm), moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA, ≥2019 cpm), number of breaks in SB, and number of 30-min and 60-min SB, 10-min MVPA bouts etc. The cut points for cardiovascular disease risk were defined based on literature as: fasting serum insulin ≤ 5 μU/mL, plasma glucose ≤ 100 mg/dL and triglyceride &lt; 150 mg/dL. Three random forest (RF) classification models were developed for each cardiometabolic marker using age, body-mass-index, general health, and PA variables as predictors. Models were trained and tested using a 60% training - 40% testing split. We tuned the hyperparameters (final selection: number of trees = 500 and variables = 3) to find the model with the highest testing accuracy based on the out-of-bag error. The importance of each predictor was measured and ranked by the mean decrease in GINI index. Results: The three datasets include insulin (n = 2810, age=34 ±23, 50% females), glucose (n = 1852, age = 49±20, 51% females) and triglyceride (n = 3180, age=36 ±24, 50% females). For insulin model, the PA variables with largest mean decrease in GINI index were SB time, light intensity PA, MVPA, and SB bouts of 30-min. Similarly, time spent in Lifestyle PA, light intensity PA, number of SB breaks and SB bouts of 30-min were the most important variables for abnormal fasting glucose prediction. The number of sedentary breaks, light intensity PA, SB time and SB bouts of 30-min were the most important PA predictors for risk of high triglyceride. Both BMI and age were important demographic variables for prediction of increased risk in each model. The prediction accuracy and precision are as following: Insulin(73%; 76%), Plasma Glucose(68%; 58%), and Triglyceride(64%; 46%). Conclusion: Cardiometabolic markers using free-living PA has the potential to provide insights for classifying the risk for cardiovascular disease based on given physiological marker cut-off points. The time spent lower intensity PA patterns and the number of sedentary breaks, and 30-minutes bouts are important predictors for identifying individuals who may have increased cardiometabolic risk.

Park proximity and older adults’ physical activity and sedentary behaviors in dense urban areas

Urbanization represents a significant population trend, and a longer life expectancy increases the number of older people living in cities. Aging can intensify urbanization and urban design challenges. Parks or public open spaces are settings within the neighborhood that can support older people to live an active lifestyle. This study examined associations between the number of and distance to parks and physical activity levels and sedentary behavior patterns among a sample of 276 older adults in Japan. Physical activity levels and sedentary behavior patterns were objectively measured using accelerometer devices. Park measures, including distance to the nearest and second nearest park and the count of parks within network-based buffers of 800 m and 1600 m from home, were calculated using a geographic information system (GIS) software. We found that the number of parks within a 1600 m buffer from participants’ homes was associated with more breaks in sedentary behavior. This finding suggests that proximity to parks may be important to increase breaks in sedentary behavior among older adults. We found no significant associations between the selected park characteristics and physical activity. Our research adds to the evidence from the less-explored Asian context among older adults, for whom strategies to support an active lifestyle are necessary to promote healthy aging.

A healthier movement behavior profile is associated with body‐congruent food choices through self‐determined motivations to exercise and regulate eating

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) facilitates eating behavior regulation, in part through self‐determined motivations to regulate PA and eating behaviors. However, different patterns of PA and sedentary behavior (SB) accumulation appear to have distinct effects on several health outcomes and might therefore be differently related to eating self‐regulation. This study aimed to identify different PA/SB profiles, and test motivational routes underlying associations between these profiles and eating. A total of 297 adults (age: 34.5 ± 10.6 years; BMI: 23.2 ± 3.4 kg/m2) filled a psychometric battery of validated questionnaires to assess PA, SB, motivations to exercise and eating, and intuitive eating dimensions. Latent Profile Analysis and Preacher and Hayes Mediation Procedures were conducted. A 3‐profiles model was retained as the best solution (++sitting/‐PA, n = 89; ++PA/‐sitting, n = 44; +PA/+sitting, n = 164). Participants in the ++PA/‐Sitting profile showed higher self‐determined motivations to exercise (ps &lt; 0.001) and regulate eating (ps &lt; 0.05), mostly when compared to the ++Sitting/‐PA profile. Mediation analyses showed that participants in the ++PA/‐Sitting profile (vs. ++Sitting/‐PA) made more body‐congruent food choices, in part through a serial mediation effect of self‐determined motivations to exercise and eating (Estimate: 0.25 (0.07), 95% CI: 0.13; 0.40). All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and BMI. Results extend prior evidence, showing that motivations underpinning PA/eating have better quality when greater levels of PA are combined with lower sitting time, and by showing that self‐determined motivations partly mediate the effects of different PA/SB profiles on eating regulation. These findings have implications for future interventions promoting active lifestyles.