Patterns Of Neoplasia Research Articles

Análise de carcinomas mamários bilaterais: Um perfil das pacientes de um serviço de referência

Introduction: Bilateral breast cancer (BBC) is a rare clinical entity. This pattern of neoplasia can be considered synchronous (simultaneous) or metachronous (1 month to 1 year later). Objective: To select cases of BBC patients seen at HC-UFPR and to recognize in these patients clinical and family characteristics, histological and immunohistochemical patterns, and incidences of synchronous/metachronous occurrences. Method: An observational and analytical study of BBC cases of patients treated at HC-UFPR, from January 2003 to October 2019, based on the analysis of medical records, was developed. Result: 42 patients with BBC were selected and 4 patients were excluded from the study due to incomplete information in the medical record. The incidence of BBC in the surveyed period was 3.64%. All patients are women with a mean age of 51.82 years. White ethnicity is the most prevalent one (82%). With regard to menopausal status, 42% of the subjects are pre-menopausal and 58%, post-menopausal. Regarding parity, only 16% were nulliparous. Half of the patients have a positive family history for neoplasms, with breast cancer present in 46%, ovarian cancer in 16%, and other topography in 68%. In this sample, the synchronous tumor was present in 55% of the patients and the metachronous tumor in 45%. Regarding the patients’ initial clinical staging, 61% presented with locally advanced tumor at the first consultation. In the group of synchronous tumors, the ductal type was the most frequent one (93%), followed by the lobular type (7%). Regarding immunohistochemical subtypes, patients had Luminal B tumors (43%), followed by HER (29%), Triple negative (24%), and Luminal A (5%). Comparing the immunohistochemical profile in both tumors, 62% were in agreement and 48%, in disagreement. In the group of metachronous tumors, the mean time between the diagnosis of the first tumor and that of the second tumor was 5.68 years. The most common histological type was ductal carcinoma (73%), followed by lobular carcinoma (11%), medullary carcinoma (9%), and metaplastics (7%). Regarding the immunohistochemical profile, the most present was Luminal B in 32%, Luminal A in 29%, Triple negative in 24%, and HER 2 in 15%. The immunohistochemical profile was consistent in only 29% of the patients. Conclusion: In this sample, BBC is associated with relevant family history, with a pattern of presentation, synchronous; frequently, ductal is histological and Luminal B is immunohistochemistry.

Multi-categorical classification using deep learning applied to the diagnosis of gastric cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pathologists currently face a substantial increase in workload and complexity of their diagnosis work on different types of cancer. This is due to the increased incidence and detection of neoplasms, associated with diagnostic subspecialization and the advent of personalized medicine. There are numerous treatments available for different types of cancer, and the diagnosis must be dispensed quickly and accurately for each case. Deep learning is a tool that has been used in daily life, including image detection, and there is growing interest in its application in Medicine and especially in Pathology, where it has a revolutionary potential. Objective: In this article, we present deep learning, in particular convolutional neural networks, as a potential technique for the analysis of digitized images of histopathological slides, detecting identifiable patterns in an automated manner, introducing the possibility of applying this technology as an auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of neoplasms, especially in gastric cancer, the object of this preliminary study. Method: From a database of digitized images of histopathological slides representative of gastric cancer, we identified three morphological patterns of neoplasia, as well as non-neoplastic tissue patterns, with which we train a convolutional neural network algorithm, designed to identify and categorize similar images within these standards, in an automated manner. Results: The results of identification and automatic classification in the defined categories were satisfactory, with ROC curves above 0.9. Conclusion: The results show the potential application of convolutional neural networks for digitized slides of gastric cancer, in accordance with international literature findings.

Cancer in Ataxia-telangiectasia patients

A gene locus for ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is in chromosome region 11q22 to 11q23 and predisposes to cancer. Ataxia-telangiectasia patients appear to have two separate clinical patterns of malignancy. One pattern involves solid tumors, which have not been stressed and which include malignancies in the oral cavity, breast, stomach, pancreas, ovary, and bladder. Detection of a solid tumor in an A-T patient should serve as a warning. It heralds a markedly elevated risk of another malignancy in that patient. The second pattern of neoplasia in A-T is well recognized and consists of lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These malignancies may relate to immunodeficiency in A-T and to chromosome breakage and rearrangement, which are a feature of A-T. These two patterns of malignancy may be truly separate and reflect different mechanisms of malignancy in A-T, or they may not really be separate but instead reflect a single mechanism of malignancy. The situation in A-T is reminiscent of that in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which Kaposi's sarcoma occurs with mild immunodeficiency and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurs with more profound immunodeficiency owing to the human immunodeficiency virus. Next to pulmonary disease, cancer is the leading cause of death in A-T.

Patterns of neoplasia in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Cancer occurred in 28 of 579 patients (4.8%) with Crohn's disease (CD) and in 30 of 267 (11.2%) with ulcerative colitis (UC) admitted to the Mount Sinai Hospital between 1960--1976. The proportion of cancers that were extraintestinal was greater in CD than in UC (43 vs. 12%), as was the proportion of gastrointestinal cancers that arose in apparently normal bowels (33 vs. 4%). The incidence of gastrointestinal cancer increase with duration of disease in both CD and UC, but the absolute rates were three times higher in UC. For extraintestinal cancer, on the other hand, there was less correlation with increasing duration of disease, and no higher frequency in UC than in CD. Mortality from gastrointestinal cancer was 82% in CD and 50% in UC, but occurred only within two years of tumor diagnosis; survival beyond two years seemed to indicate a favorable prognosis.

Radical surgery of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (Cancer Eye): A new procedure

Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma is a disease manifesting classic patterns of neoplasia. Untreated animals, die by local progressive growth or metastasis of the tumor. Aside from other forms of therapy, the available literature describes only local surgical treatment of the lesions. Therefore, following procedures of head and neck cancer surgery in humans, we developed a radical surgical operation for the treatment of this disease in cattle. A block resection was designed including the primary tumor, affected bone, salivary glands and the draining lymph nodes. This method leads to a better cure rate than local surgery and would be indicated when treating valuable breeding animals or other circumstances where extended treatment is warranted.