Patterns Of Hyper Research Articles

Adaptation to a High Iodine Intake in Greenland Inuit Suggested by Thyroid Disease Pattern.

Objective: Arctic living is influenced by cold winters, short summers, and excessive iodine intake from the traditional Inuit diet providing for habitation of the Arctic for centuries. This is changing and we surveyed thyroid function in populations living in Greenland. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected in the capital city in West Greenland and in rural East Greenland. Information on lifestyle, dietary habits, and medical history was obtained using questionnaires. Thyrotropin, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyroglobulin, and thyroglobulin antibody were measured in serum, iodine, and creatinine in spot urine samples. Results: One percent of the Greenlandic population was invited and 535 participated with an overall participation rate of 95%. Iodine excretion was 225 μg/24 hours in East Greenland and 169 μg/24 hours among West Greenland Inuit. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 10.7% of West Greenlandic Inuit (men/women: 4.3%/16.3%) and 7.8% of East Greenlandic Inuit (3.8%/12.8%). Hypothyroidism was found in 2.7% in West Greenland (0.0%/5.0%) and 5.6% (5.6%/5.6%) in East Greenland. Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism was frequent among Inuit and the occurrence of hypothyroidism was low. The pattern of hyper- and hypothyroidism among Greenlandic Inuit with adequate iodine intake was comparable with those seen in populations with iodine deficiency. Inuit may thus have adapted to excessive iodine intake over centuries, causing a need for a higher iodine intake to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.

A Review of Hyper Spectral Imaging Techniques for The Quality Assessment of Fish

Quality investigation and assessment for fish and other fish are assuming a significant part in giving results of prevalent quality regarding human wellbeing and worldwide exchange. Right now, it is important to search for powerful and quick methods to screen quality changes and security lists because of the weakness and perishability of amphibian items. Hyper otherworldly imaging, as an arising and creative procedure, joins normal PC vision and spectroscopy into one framework. Lately, hyper otherworldly imaging has been widely examined and executed as an option in contrast to conventional logical techniques and has demonstrated its potential for at the same time quantitative and subjective assurance of nematode pollution, estimation, and perception of physical and substance constituents, acknowledgment of new and regarded tests just as recognition of microbial waste and monetary corruption in a fast, evenhanded and non-damaging way. In this audit, the fundamental information on hyper ghostly imaging and its flow exploration and possible mechanical applications on quality investigation and assessment of fish and other fish were talked about. A few points of interest, disservices, and future patterns of hyper ghostly imaging applications were additionally introduced.

Identification of Common Neural Circuit Disruptions in Emotional Processing Across Psychiatric Disorders.

Disrupted emotional processing is a common feature of many psychiatric disorders. The authors investigated functional disruptions in neural circuitry underlying emotional processing across a range of tasks and across psychiatric disorders through a transdiagnostic quantitative meta-analysis of published neuroimaging data. A PubMed search was conducted for whole-brain functional neuroimaging findings published through May 2018 that compared activation during emotional processing tasks in patients with psychiatric disorders (including schizophrenia, bipolar or unipolar depression, anxiety, and substance use) to matched healthy control participants. Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses were conducted on peak voxel coordinates to identify spatial convergence. The 298 experiments submitted to meta-analysis included 5,427 patients and 5,491 control participants. ALE across diagnoses and patterns of patient hyper- and hyporeactivity demonstrated abnormal activation in the amygdala, the hippocampal/parahippocampal gyri, the dorsomedial/pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus, and the fusiform gyri, as well as the medial and lateral dorsal and ventral prefrontal regions. ALE across disorders but considering directionality demonstrated patient hyperactivation in the amygdala and the hippocampal/parahippocampal gyri. Hypoactivation was found in the medial and lateral prefrontal regions, most pronounced during processing of unpleasant stimuli. More refined disorder-specific analyses suggested that these overall patterns were shared to varying degrees, with notable differences in patterns of hyper- and hypoactivation. These findings demonstrate a pattern of neurocircuit disruption across major psychiatric disorders in regions and networks key to adaptive emotional reactivity and regulation. More specifically, disruption corresponded prominently to the "salience" network, the ventral striatal/ventromedial prefrontal "reward" network, and the lateral orbitofrontal "nonreward" network. Consistent with the Research Domain Criteria initiative, these findings suggest that psychiatric illness may be productively formulated as dysfunction in transdiagnostic neurobehavioral phenotypes such as neurocircuit activation.

Sensory-to-Cognitive Systems Integration Is Associated With Clinical Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Impaired multisensory integration in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may arise from functional dysconnectivity among brain systems. Our study examines the functional connectivity integration between primary modal sensory regions and heteromodal processing cortex in ASD, and whether abnormalities in network integration relate to clinical severity. We studied a sample of 55 high-functioning ASD and 64 healthy control (HC) male children and adolescents (total n= 119, age range 7-18 years). Stepwise functional connectivity analysis (SFC) was applied to resting state functional magnetic resonance images (rsfMRI) to characterize the connectivity paths that link primary sensory cortices to higher-order brain cognitive functional circuits and to relate alterations in functional connectivity integration with three clinical scales: Social Communication Questionnaire, Social Responsiveness Scale, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. HC displayed typical functional connectivity transitions from primary sensory systems to association areas, but the ASD group showed altered patterns of multimodal sensory integration to heteromodal systems. Specifically, compared to the HC group, the ASD group showed the following: (1) hyperconnectivity in the visual cortex at initial link step distances; (2) hyperconnectivity between sensory unimodal regions and regions of the default mode network; and (3) hypoconnectivity between sensory unimodal regions and areas of the fronto-parietal and attentional networks. These patterns of hyper- and hypoconnectivity were associated with increased clinical severity in ASD. Networkwise reorganization in high-functioning ASD individuals affects strategic regions of unimodal-to-heteromodal cortical integration predicting clinical severity. In addition, SFC analysis appears to be a promising approach for studying the neural pathophysiology of multisensory integration deficits in ASD.

Analysis of DNA methylation alterations in rice seeds induced by different doses of carbon-ion radiation.

To investigate the mechanism underlying differences in biological effects induced by low- versus high-dose heavy-ion radiation (HIR) in rice plants, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) analysis were used to check the expression changes in rice leaf proteome profiles and the changes in DNA methylation after exposure of seeds to ground-based carbon-ion radiation at various cumulative doses (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2, 1, 2, 5 or 20 Gy; 12C6+; energy, 165 MeV/u; mean linear energy transfer, 30 KeV/μm). In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) and gene ontology (GO) functional analysis of differentially expressed proteins of rice at tillering stage showed that proteins expressed in rice samples exposed to 0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 0.2 or 1 Gy differed from those exposed to 2, 5 or 20 Gy. Correspondingly, the proportion of hypermethylation was higher than that of hypomethylation at CG sites following low-dose HIR (LDR; 0.01, 0.2 or 1 Gy), whereas this was reversed at high-dose HIR (HDR; 2, 5 or 20 Gy). The hypomethylation changes tended to occur at CHG sites with both low- and high-dose HIR. Furthermore, sequencing of MSAP variant bands indicated that the plants might activate more metabolic processes and biosynthetic pathways on exposure to LDR, but activate stress resistance on exposure to HDR. This study showed that radiation induced different biological effects with low- and high-dose HIR, and that this may have been caused by different patterns of hyper- and hypomethylation at the CG sites.

The Relative Efficacy of Connectivity Guided and Symptom Based EEG Biofeedback for Autistic Disorders

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication, social interaction, and a limited range of interests with repetitive stereotypical behavior. Various abnormalities have been documented in the brains of individuals with autism, both anatomically and functionally. The connectivity theory of autism is a recently developed theory of the neurobiological cause of autisic symptoms. Different patterns of hyper- and hypo-connectivity have been identified with the use of quantitative electroencephalogray (QEEG), which may be amenable to neurofeedback. In this study, we compared the results of two published controlled studies examining the efficacy of neurofeedback in the treatment of autism. Specifically, we examined whether a symptom based approach or an assessment/connectivity guided based approach was more effective. Although both methods demonstrated significant improvement in symptoms of autism, connectivity guided neurofeedback demonstrated greater reduction on various subscales of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). Furthermore, when individuals were matched for severity of symptoms, the amount of change per session was significantly higher in the Coben and Padolsky (J Neurother 11:5-23, 2007) study for all five measures of the ATEC. Our findings suggest that an approach guided by QEEG based connectivity assessment may be more efficacious in the treatment of autism. This permits the targeting and amelioration of abnormal connectivity patterns in the brains of people who are autistic.

Metabolic correlates of linguistic functions in a patient with crossed aphasia: A case study

Abstract A dextral fashion designer with crossed aphasia was studied using CT scan, PET scan under resting condition and PET scan while performing a repetition task. The results of the PET scans corroborated the structural lesion seen in the CT scan. A comparison of the two PET scans failed to demonstrate any differences in the pattern of hyper- or hypo-metabolism in the stimulated condition. Such results refute a latent left hemisphere lesion, or a pathological cross-callosal inhibition as the basis for crossed aphasic symptoms. Rather, the data suggest, at least in this patient, an unusual cerebral organization for language.