Pattern Of Burn Injuries Research Articles

421 Unseen Flames in the Emergency Department: Patterns of Burn Injuries Resulting From Suspected Abuse

421 Unseen Flames in the Emergency Department: Patterns of Burn Injuries Resulting From Suspected Abuse

Pattern of burn injuries and short-term outcome of management in a limited resources area

Pattern of burn injuries and short-term outcome of management in a limited resources area

Exploring the Demographic and Social Correlates of Burn Injuries: A Comprehensive Study From a Regional Burn Center in Pakistan.

Burn injuries pose significant challenges to both patients and healthcare systems globally. This retrospective observational study, conducted at the burn center in a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, aimed to delineate the patterns of burn injuries and correlate them with demographic and clinical presentations. A total of 99 patients were included, with 54 males and 45 females, ranging in age from three months to 70 years. Flame burns were the most common type (n=69), with the majority being accidental (n=87). Limbs were the most frequently affected body parts (n=32), often with lesser-degree burns (n=28). Notably, self-inflicted injuries were predominantly observed in males (n=7), while assault cases were more common in females (n=4). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between the degree of burn and the body parts affected, as well as between the mode of injury and the affected body parts. Burn injuries due to assault or self-infliction tended to have higher morbidity rates, often resulting in fatalities. Additionally, the cause of burn injury showed significant associations with the affected body parts, with contact and electric burns affecting limbs and chemical burns mainly affecting the head and face. These findings underscore the need for targeted burn prevention programs, emphasizing first aid education and addressing specific risk factors in high-risk groups and settings. By implementing preventive strategies and evaluating their effectiveness, the burden of burn injuries can be reduced, leading to improved patient outcomes and quality of life.

Burn injury as a public health problem in Odisha: clinico-epidemiological study of patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital and prospects for control

Background: Burn injuries continue to pose a significant and preventable global health challenge, with developing countries like India experiencing a troubling rise in cases. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics and patterns of burn injuries among patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital's. Methods: Over a six-month period, a hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires, with prior consent from patients or their caregivers. Clinical assessments were also conducted to determine the percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) affected and the most severely affected body part. Results: 145 patients included in the study, the females were (56.55%), primarily aged between 21 and 40 years. Hindus (58.62%), lived in rural areas (63.45%), and were married (66.90%). Accidental burns accounted for 81.38% of cases, mainly occurring at home (84.83%). Flame burns were more common among females, while electric burns were more prevalent among males. The majority of burn injuries covered up to 30% of TBSA (44.83%), with the upper limbs being the most severely affected (42.76%). Alarmingly, only 36.55% of patients were admitted on the same day as the injury. Infection (55.86%) and amputation (8.97%) were the most common complications observed, and 14 deaths (9.66%) occurred during the study period. Conclusions: This study highlights the vulnerability of females to flame burns, often stemming from unsafe cooking practices. Delayed hospital admissions were associated with a higher mortality rate. Efforts to promote safety and awareness, particularly in rural areas, are crucial to reducing the burden of burn injuries in India.

Study of burn injuries and pattern with seasonal variation in a tertiary care centre

Background: Burn injuries pose a significant public health concern, necessitating a detailed investigation to enhance injury prevention strategies. This study investigates the distribution and patterns of burn injuries in a tertiary care centre, focusing on gender, age, burn types, outcomes, and seasonal variations. Methods: Data from a multi-year retrospective analysis (2018-2022) were collected and analysed to determine the gender distribution of burn incidents. Additionally, age distributions were examined to understand the prevalence of burns across different age groups. Burn types were classified into flame, scald, electric, and chemical/miscellaneous, while outcomes were categorised as discharged, abscond/LAMA (left against medical advice), death, or transfer to other departments. The study also investigated the seasonal variations in scald and flame burn incidents. Results: The highest gender disparities were observed in 2018 and 2019, with 748 and 661 male cases, respectively, compared to 355 and 345 female cases. Children aged 1-10 constituted the largest burn cases, followed by individuals aged 25-40. Flame burns were the most common, accounting for the highest number of cases throughout the study period. Scald burns ranked second, followed by electric and chemical/miscellaneous burns. Most burn incidents resulted in discharge, followed by abscond/LAMA cases. Deaths and transfers to other departments were less frequent outcomes. The number of discharged cases increased gradually over the study period, indicating positive treatment outcomes. Conclusions: The conclusions emphasize the necessity for all-encompassing preventative initiatives, including public awareness campaigns, safety education, and interventions for vulnerable groups.

Exploring gender disparities in burn injuries: A retrospective study at a burns centre in Karachi, Pakistan

IntroductionBurn is defined as any injury due to heat or acute trauma, according to the International Society of Burns Injury (ISBI). A neglected aspect of our country is the gender-specific pattern of burn injuries. This study aims to highlight the gender-based disparities of burns injuries and overcome the drastic effects of burns on an individual's life. MethodThe data from the burns centre of Dr Ruth.K.M.Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi from Jan 1, 2021, to Dec 31, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed to perform this study. Different variables such as aetiology, circumstances, residence, age, TBSA, degree and occupation were recorded from the patient's files. They were compared by gender to find out any existing correlation. ResultsThe estimated sample size was 375, 180(48%) females, and 195(52%) were burned males. A significant correlation was found for gender with a degree of burns, aetiology, age, occupation, and residence. Whereas circumstances of burns and TBSA were non-significantly correlated to gender. ConclusionIn conclusion, our study determined that men most commonly suffer from burn injuries. In contrast, thermal injury is the most dominant etiological factor in every age group in both genders. Several risk factors are associated with a specific gender, requiring adaptive prevention and management approaches to culminate this issue.

Prediction of Mortality in Acute Thermal Burn Patients Using the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index Score: A Single-Center Experience.

BackgroundBurn injuries are highly variable and dynamic. The outcome of patients is influenced by various factors and requires prompt therapeutic interventions, including fluid resuscitation, for a favorable result. Although having varying shortcomings, many scoring indexes are developed and validated in Western countries to predict mortality in a burn patient. The Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) estimates survival expectancy in a burn patient via various negative prognostic factors. This study describes the pattern of burn injuries to validate the ABSI as an outcome predictor in burnt patients.MethodologyFrom January to December 2018, 100 patients participated in this observational research conducted in the Department of Surgery at Mahatma Gandhi Hospital’s Burn Ward, a part of Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur. Risk factors for death from a burn were patients’ age and gender, the depth of the burn, the inhalation burn, and the total burned body surface area (TBSA). The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was used to determine how well it could predict burn deaths.ResultsThis study included 100 patients (69 men and 31 women, with a ratio of 2.22:1). In total, 73 patients survived, and 27 died (a mortality rate of 27%). The fatality rate increased with increased burn surface area, reaching 100% in patients with >80% burns (p < 0.0001). Additionally, those with an ABSI of >11 expressed 100% mortality rate (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn this study, older age, high burned surface area, concomitant inhalational burns, full-thickness burns, and a higher ABSI were found to be significant predictors of mortality.

574 Want some s’more? The hidden risks of marshmallows

IntroductionMarshmallows are a spongy confectionery commonly made with gum Arabic or gelatine, corn syrup, sugar, and flavouring. It is common, in many Anglophone countries, to toast marshmallows as an outdoor childhood pastime. Being an aerated aqueous mixture, marshmallows have unique properties when exposed to high temperatures, resulting in a Maillard reaction between the sugars and proteins. They therefore present a distinctive and significant method of burn injury.MethodsWe reviewed our regional online burns database for marshmallow related burns in the last six years to collate data on patient demographics, burn size and depth, method of injury, and outcome.ResultsBetween 2015-2020, our Regional Burns Centre treated 35 patients with an average age of 8.3 years (range 4-14). The most commonly injured area was the face in 44% of the cases (lips specifically in 25%), followed by hands in 36%. The burn depth extended from deep dermal to full thickness in 6% of cases and the total body surface area affected was 0.3% on average. No admission or surgical intervention was required. A significant proportion of burns were associated with camping, open fires or barbecues (63%), however the recorded mechanisms of injury were not limited to these activities alone. 77% of injuries occurred between Friday and Sunday.ConclusionsMarshmallow burns are hazardous due to their composition and response to heat. The adhesive nature of a toasted marshmallow leads to a deeper pattern of burn injury, even though, the majority can usually be managed conservatively due to the limited area affected.

Changing concept in Burns Management- An Analytical study of Epidemiology, Morbidity, Mortality and Treatment in a period of forty years in the Indian state of Assam

There is an improvement in the morbidity and mortality in burns in the recent past due to better fluid resuscitation, use of better burn wound covers and early excision and skin grafting for full thickness burns. Burn care in the North Eastern Indian state of Assam was disorganized in the eighties, but individual efforts by some surgeons of the state, have improved outcome. This is a retrospective analysis of 8569 cases of burn injuries treated in three hospitals of Assam over a period of 40 years. The study intends to analyze the epidemiological pattern of burn injuries in order to plan preventive strategies and also to compare the results of treatment with and without an organized burn care unit. There were 7071 (82.3%) minor burns and 1518(17.7%) major burns in the series. The period of study was divided into three blocks - Block I- first 14 years of disorganized management, before establishment of Burns Unit, Block II -next 16 years of organized management after establishment of Burns Unit and Block III - last 10 years of advanced care with introduction of newer burn wound covers and early excision of burns. The data were analyzed and compared. The overall incidence of burns was more in males, but a greater number of females were the victims of major burns.77.2% of patients were below 40 years of age. The number of accidental burns remaining constant in the three blocks, there was a significant increase in the suicidal burns in the last two blocks. Flame burns (56.7%) constituted the majority of injuries, while scald (31.3%) and electrical burns (9.3%) followed. Domestic burns (73.1%) were of most common occurrence, followed by Industrial (10.8%), Diwali related (9.6%) and Traffic burns (6.4%). Though the overall mortality in the three blocks were almost same (Block I- 9.4%, Block II- 7.8% Block III-9.4%), mortality in major burns were reduced significantly after introduction of modern methods of management (Block I- 79.7%, Block II-52.0% Block III-38.4%). The quality of wound healing showed improvement in the subsequent years as evident by increase in number of patients with no scar (Block I -10%. Block II-20%, Block III- 37%) and decrease in number of patients with extensive scar (BlockI-18%, Block II- 15%, Block III-5%), measured by Vancouver Scar Scale. This analytical study has given us an understanding of the magnitude of the problem of burns in the region, which will help to plan treatment and preventive strategies. It also concludes that, dedicated individual care and introduction of newer methods of treatment have improved results of burn management. Key words: Epidemiology, treatment, morbidity and mortality

Burns in India: a call for health policy action

Burns in India: a call for health policy action

Pattern of Burn Injury in Children Presented to Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital

Background: Children are mostly affected in burn injury at our country like other low and middle income countries (LMICs). Approximately 90% of the burns occur in under developed countries, which generally lack the necessary infrastructure to reduce the incidence and severity of burns.&#x0D; Objectives: This study was done to investigate the pattern of burn cases admitted to Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH).&#x0D; Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted over the period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019 at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data was collected from the patients record section of the hospital. Patients characteristics (e.g. age, sex), causes and severity of injury, outcome, hospital stay and seasonal variation were analized in this study.&#x0D; Results: A total of 91 patients were admitted during study period of one year. This study consisted of 53 male patients (58.24%) and 38 female patients (41.76%) with male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The most frequently hospitalized burn patients were in the age group 3-5 years, which accounted for 30.77% of patients. Burns were more common during winter season followed by autumn season, with 43 cases (47.25%) and 18 cases (19.78%) respectively. The highest number of admissions was during the month of December. Scald burn was the most common cause of burn injury in our study which accounted for 83 cases out of 91 cases (91.2%). Flame burn occured in 3(3.29%) patients. There were 2 cases of electric burn and 2 cases of contact burn during this study period. One patient was with chemical burn. Scald burn was the most common cause of burn injury in this study which accounted for 83 cases out of 91 cases (91.2%). Flame burn occured in 3(3.29%) patients. There were 2 cases of electric burn and 2 cases of contact burn during this study period. One patient was with chemical burn.&#x0D; Conclusion: The most frequently hospitalized burn patients were in the age group 3-5 years and more common during winter season. Most of the burn occured in children are scald in our country due to accidental fall of worm liquid. Superficial epidermal and dermal burns are treated conservatively, but deep burns may require surgical treatment.&#x0D; DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(2): 134-137

Seasonal impact in admissions and burn profiles in a desert burn unit

In much of the world, pattern of burn injuries can vary depending on the season. This study examines the seasonal impact of admissions, acuity, mortality, and resource utilization at an accredited burn center located in a desert climate. It is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted from March 1, 2014 to February 28, 2019 for acute burns. Patients were categorized into four groups according to each season based on their date of admission: Spring (March, April, May), Summer (June, July, August), Fall (September, October, November), and Winter (December, January, February).A total of 1519 patients were included. 1016 were male (66.9%) with an average age 39.6 years. Most admissions came during the Summer (35%), followed by Winter (23%), Spring (21%) and Fall (21%). Most common mechanisms are flame/flash (677, 44.6%), scald (414, 27.3%) and pavement (194, 12.8%). 169 (87.1%) of 194 pavement burn admissions occurred during the Summer. Average hospital LOS was 18.7 days, longest for pavement at 25.8 days, flash/flame 21.9 days and electrical 11.8 days. Log-rank test of LOS showed longer LOS for pavement burns compared to all other etiologies combined. Average daily census was highest in Summer (14.1), followed by Winter (9.8), Spring (8.7) and Fall (7.1).Summer was the peak season for burn admissions and average daily census in large part from pavement burns. As these burns have a longer LOS, it leads to increase in resource utilization compared to the other mechanisms. Volume of non-pavement burns appear steady throughout the year.

Referral Patterns of Burn Injury in Rural Kenya.

Burn injury represents a substantial burden of disease in resource-limited settings. Kenya has no formal trauma system and referral practices for burn injuries are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with burn injury referrals in rural Kenya. A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients with burn injury from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017 at a 300-bed faith-based, teaching hospital in southwest Kenya. Bivariate analysis compared referred and non-referred patients. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between burn severity and odds of referral adjusting for age, sex, insurance, time from injury to arrival, and estimated travel time from home to hospital. The study included 171 patients with burn injury; 11 patients were excluded due to missing referral data. Of the 160 patients, 31.9% (n = 51) were referred. Referral patients had higher average total body surface area burn (23.1 ± 2.4% vs 11.1 ± 1.2%, P < .001), were more likely to have full-thickness burns (41.3% vs 25.5%, P = .05), and less likely to present to the referral hospital within 24 hours after injury (47.8% vs 73.0%, P = .005). Referral patients had longer travel time to hospital (90+ min: 52.9% vs 22.0%, P < .001). Odds of referral increased 1.62 times (95% confidence interval: 1.19-2.22) for every 10% increase in total body surface area burn. Without a coordinated trauma system, referrals represent a substantial portion of burn injury patients at a hospital in rural Kenya. Referred patients present with more severe burns and experience delays to presentation.

Age-Based Characteristics of Pediatric Burn Injuries From Outdoor Recreational Fires.

Accidental burns from outdoor recreational activities, such as campfires, bonfires, ceremonial fires, and firepits, are not uncommon; however, few studies describe the nature of such injuries in children. The objective of this study was to examine the age-based pattern of pediatric burn injuries from outdoor fires. Children and adolescents 0 to 18 years, admitted to the Burn Center between 2008 and 2018 with acute burn injuries from outdoor fires, were included in the current study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the burn injury database. Patients were categorized into three age groups: 0 to 5 years, 5 to 10 years, and 10 to 18 years. One hundred and sixty-seven children were included in the data analysis, the mean age of the cohort was 6.4 (SD ± 4.9) years, and the majority (66.5%) were males. More than half (52.1%) were less than 5 years of age, they commonly sustained hand burns and frequently required inpatient burn management. Burn severity varied between age groups, and the mean total burn surface area (TBSA) was significantly higher in adolescents (10.9%). Almost half the injuries (49.7%) resulted from a fall onto a campfire, bonfire, or a firepit. In this study, we found age-specific variation in the mechanism and pattern of burn injuries. Children at least 5 years and adolescents were least common victims of burns due to outdoor fires but suffered from more serious injuries with significantly higher TBSA involvement, longer intensive care unit, and ventilator days. Raising awareness among parents, caregivers, and children about outdoor fire safety is important for the prevention of such injuries.

Epidemiology of burn injury among children’s attended felege hiwot referral hospital in bahir dar town, amhara regional state, Ethiopia, 2017

Background: Burn injury is a major global public health problem accompanied by a high risk of mortality and morbidity. Sufficient knowledge in the epidemiological pattern is necessary to prevent burn injury, but in many developing countries, including Ethiopia, the epidemiological patterns of burn injuries given low attention. Methods: The institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted from March-April 2017. A total of 102 burn patients were selected in a simple random sampling method. Data were collected retrospectively from patients’ medical records using a data extraction tool among children’s attended Felege Hiwot referral hospital with burn injury from 2011 to 2016. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered in Epi-data version 3.1, then exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 for analysis. Result: The overall prevalence of burn injury among children was 0.46%. In all age groups, the prevalence of burn injury was higher among females. Scald burn injuries account for 42.2%, and 41.61% of burn injuries involved multiple body parts. The majority of children (75.5%) presented with second-degree burns, and the mean TBSA (total body surface area) burned was 12.56 ±8.91. The majority of patients (77.5%) seek health care within &lt;24 hours, 35.3% of patients received prehospital care after burn injury, and 33.3% of patients recovered with significant scarring and disfigurement. Conclusion and recommendations: The majority of the burn injuries occurred at home, and pre-hospital interventions were mostly harmful practices. Therefore adequate health education should be delivered to the society regarding appropriate pre-hospital interventions and a safe home environment.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcomes of inpatient burn injuries in older adults: Factors associated with mortality.

There is a lack of epidemiological research on defining the epidemiological profile of burn injuries in older adults in different regions of Turkey. This study was designed to document the prevalent epidemiological pattern of burn injuries and factors that affect mortality in older adults admitted for treatment to the inpatient unit of Adana City Training and Research Hospital (ACTRH). Demographic data, burn mechanism, presentation, percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burn, abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI) and revised Baux scores, comorbidities, and treatment modalities burn patients aged 60 years and over admitted to our burn center January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, were evaluated retrospectively in this study. The medical records of 1754 inpatient burns over 4 years were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 104 (5.5%) hospitalized adult burn patients aged 60 years old or over and treated more than 24 h were included in the study. There were 38 males and 66 females with a male-to-female ratio of 1.00: 2.05 in survivors and 1.25: 1.00 in non-survivors. The mean age was 70.5±8.5 (60.0-92.0) for survivors and 72.7±8.4 (62.0-90.0) years for non-survivors. The mean (%) TBSA burned was 11.4±9.9% for survivors and 37.8±30.0% for non-survivors. Most of the burn injuries occurred at indoor locations (81%), caused by hot water scalds, representing more than one-third of all burns, especially in the kitchen and bathroom. Considering the age (p=0.329), the etiology (p=0.984) and place of burns (p=0.071), burned anatomical regions (p=0.817), and the surgical procedure (yes/no) (p=0.798), no statistical difference was observed between survivors and non-survivors. The more extended %TBSA burn, the inhalation injury, and deep burns were found to be significantly the most effective factors in mortality. Revised Baux (R Baux) and ABSI scores had a high value of predicting mortality.

Trends of Burn Injury in the United States: 1990 to 2016.

The aim of this study is to report patterns of burn injury within the United States from 1990 to 2016 with regard to age, sex, geography, and year. Advances in the management of burn injuries as well as successful public health efforts have contributed to reductions in the annual incidence and mortality of burns. However, several studies suggest that these reductions are not equally distributed throughout the US population. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 was utilized to collect incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and years lived with disability (YLD) from 1990 to 2016. All measures were computed with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). The overall incidence of burn injury in the United States has decreased from 215 (95% UI, 183-246) to 140 (95% UI, 117-161) per 100,000. However, the relative mortality of burn injury has been fixed over the 26-year study period. Alaska had the highest rates of burn incidence in 1990 and 2016, closely followed by southeastern states. When adjusted for incidence, relative mortality in 1990 was highest in Alabama and Mississippi and the mortality-incidence ratio increased for these states in 2016. In addition, 35 states also demonstrated an increase in the relative mortality of burn injury during the study period. Regional trends of burn incidence and mortality are highly variable and are likely due to a multitude of factors. Addressing these disparities will require close examination of the contributing factors of burn injury and severity.

Referral Patterns of Burn Injury in Rural Kenya

Referral Patterns of Burn Injury in Rural Kenya

Pattern of Burn Injury at Mayo Hospital, Lahore

Objective : To determine pattern of diversified types of injury. Place and Duration of Study: The current research was carried out from Sept 2018 to Dec 2018 at the Burn Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Materials and Methods: At the Burn Centre, Mayo Hospital, Lahore 4000 patients’ medico legal records was selected and collected. The review of data was under the consideration of fatality, sex and types of burn. SPSS version 17 was used for analysing the data and according to procedure the percentages & frequencies were recorded. Results: In the current research there were 4000 patients and mostly were having injury from fire burn 68.35%, scars burn 20.6%, electrical burn 8.12% and acid burn 2.92.Majority burns were non-fatal and in male gender. Conclusion: In our society, males were in majority among the burn victim who aresustaining fire burn injury as they are more exposed to particularly at their work places. There is a need of an intensive program for reducing and preventing the burn injuries with estimation to obtain good result. Key Words : Burn Injury, Fire Burn, Mortality, Scalds.

Burn scenario in a single North-Eastern State of India: A 5-year retrospective study

Introduction: The exact figure of burn injuries is still unavailable in many states of India. Some northeast Indian states with their unique social structure, hilly terrain, and practice of shifting (Jhum) cultivation the pattern of burn injuries in these states may be different.Materials and Methods: The burn records between March 2012 and April 2017 were retrospectively studied from all the district and private hospitals of the state. The demographic profiles, etiologies, delay in admission, percentage, and degrees of burn, hospital days, managements, and outcome on a single hill state of India were reviewed and analyzed. Results and Observations: The total number of patients studied was 450 with a mean age of 18.94 years. There were 281 male (62.4%), 168 female (37.3%), and one missing sex data, out of which 17 (4.2%) expired. Majority of the admission were in the winter season. The most common etiology was scald burn (55%). Suicidal intent was recorded in 8 patients (1.8%). The mean percentage of burn was 21.72%.Conclusion: The pattern of burn cases in the state showed marked variance from studies of other larger states of the country. Lifestyle modification, improving living standard, and active NGO participation seem to influence the low incidence of burn in the state.