Pattern Matching Processes Research Articles

REACT: Scalable and High-Performance Regular Expression Pattern Matching Accelerator for In-Storage Processing

This article proposes REACT, a regular expression matching accelerator, which can be embedded in a modern Solid-State Drive (SSD) and a novel data access scheduling algorithm for high matching throughput. Specifically, REACT, including our data access scheduling algorithm, increases the utilization of SSD and the degree of internal memory parallelism for pattern matching processes. While the low-level flash exhibits long latency, modern SSDs in practice achieve high I/O performance by utilizing the massive internal parallelism at the system-level. However, exploiting the parallelism is limited for pattern matching since the sub-blocks, which constitute an input data and can be placed in multiple flash pages, should be tested in a sequence to process the input correctly. This limitation can induce low utilization of the accelerator. To address this challenge, the proposed REACT simultaneously processes multiple input streams with a parallel processing architecture to maximize matching throughput by hiding the long and irregular latency. The scheduling algorithm finds a data stream which requires a sub-block in closest time and prioritizes the access request to reduce the data stall of REACT. REACT achieves maximum 22.6 percent of matching throughput improvement on a 16-channel high-performance SSD compared to the accelerator without the proposed scheduling algorithm.

Geospatial Data Processing Characteristics for Environmental Monitoring Tasks

Abstract This paper explores the specifics of working with geospatial data when making decisions about the current environmental status of objects based on Earth space monitoring data. The expediency of sharing statistical data, Earth remote sensing data, and contact measurements is displayed. An analysis of the specifics of this approach to solving the problems of complex processing of multi-temporal a priori data obtained by various shooting equipment was carried out. The existing methods for combining such data are analyzed and possible options for reducing temporary resources and reducing requirements for information resources when working with large volumes of information are considered. It is appropriate to use the method of hierarchical partitioning of multi-temporal image data or images of the analyzed areas obtained at the same time, but from different satellites taking into account the specifics of the shooting equipment and subject to their correspondence to the given a priori geospatial information. One of the criteria for hierarchical partitioning is the identification of areas of greatest correspondence with a priori data with their geographical reference in satellite imagery to reduce the localization time of the corresponding zones throughout the analyzed image array. The economic application effect of this method is substantiated by reducing the computational complexity of costly pattern matching processes, as well as performance improvement of change determination algorithms in topological and geometric characteristics of these objects. An algorithm is shown for detecting changes in heterogeneity in images based on the result of overlay operations with time-differentiated satellite imagery. To confirm the adequacy of the proposed method, the results of its practical implementation are shown on the Ukraine-Poland border area. A comparative analysis of the obtained results with real data is carried out.

Levelling the Score: The Role of Individual Perceptions of Justice in the Creation of Unethical Outcomes in Business

Rationalist models of ethical decision making assume that higher order conscious reasoning dominates the ethical decision making process. However research shows that psychopaths have a similar capacity for ethical decision making to the rest of the population. In contrast, research from the fields of social psychology, criminology and neurocognitive science shows that personal and contextual factors play a much larger role in the creation of unethical outcomes and that subconscious pattern matching processes are more prevalent than higher order conscious reasoning. This paper presents a Causal Factor Model synthesized from inter-disciplinary research that illustrates the dynamic interplay between personal and contextual factors, perceptual blindness and moral neutralisations. The model has been tested using a multiple case study method involving interviews with people who have either been convicted of corporate crimes at a senior executive or board member level, or who have been involved as whistle-blowers. Initial findings indicate that individual perceptions of justice regarding the subjective assessment of unfolding reality have a cumulative effect on the behaviour of individuals involved in creating unethical outcomes in business. When subjects perceived reality to be unfair or unjust they were more inclined to use moral neutralisations to justify acts that would objectively be considered to be in violation of their aspirational moral values. This perception and the invoked justifications then blinded them to the moral aspect of the issue at hand and allowed them to create unethical outcomes that they perceived to be just.

Fast Spectrum Sensing with Coordinate System in Cognitive Radio Networks

Spectrum sensing is an elementary function in cognitive radio designed to monitor the existence of a primary user (PU). To achieve a high rate of detection, most techniques rely on knowledge of prior spectrum patterns, with a trade-off between high computational complexity and long sensing time. On the other hand, blind techniques ignore pattern matching processes to reduce processing time, but their accuracy degrades greatly at low signal-to-noise ratios. To achieve both a high rate of detection and short sensing time, we propose fast spectrum sensing with coordinate system (FSC) - a novel technique that decomposes a spectrum with high complexity into a new coordinate system of salient features and that uses these features in its PU detection process. Not only is the space of a buffer that is used to store information about a PU reduced, but also the sensing process is fast. The performance of FSC is evaluated according to its accuracy and sensing time against six other well-known conventional techniques through a wireless microphone signal based on the IEEE 802.22 standard. FSC gives the best performance overall.

AS WE SEE IT* Automatic image analysis of plankton: future perspectives

In the future, if marine science is to achieve any progress in addressing biological diver- sity of ocean plankton, then it needs to sponsor development of new technology. One requirement is the development of high-resolution sensors for imaging field-collected and in situ specimens in a non-invasive manner. The rapid automatic categorisation of species must be accompanied by the creation of very large distributed databases in the form of high-resolution 3D rotatable images of species, which could become the standard reference source for automatic identification. These 3D images will serve as classification standards for field applications, and (in adjusted optical quality) as training templates for image analysis systems based on statistical and other pattern-matching processes. This paper sets out the basic argument for such developments and proposes a long-term solution to achieve these aims.

Image quality and position variability assessment in minutiae-based fingerprint verification

The assessment of a complete minutiae-based fingerprint automatic verification system, when degrading variability factors are included, is presented. A new large public fingerprint database, the so-called MCYT Fingerprint Database, is used to evaluate the performance of the system in verification tasks. The design of this database, in terms of controlled variability in fingerprint positioning, has made it possible to determine the system performance when the test or the stored images are subject to changes in fingerprint core placing. Some procedures are proposed to cope with this problem, including a multiple-reference strategy. Human supervision and labelling of the image quality of the acquired fingerprint images has also been accomplished, permitting a precise assessment of the proposed minutiae extraction and pattern matching processes. Results, including enhanced procedures for both position variability control and image quality consideration, are presented in terms of DET plots, leading to highly competitive verification scores in terms of EER.

Changes in the perception of synthetic nasal consonants as a result of vowel formant manipulations

There is controversy over the role of auditory scene analysis in speech perception and in particular whether listeners form perceptual streams of formants. The role of vowel formant frequencies in the perception of synthetic vowel–nasal syllables and the importance of formant continuity between vowel and nasal were examined in three experiments. The nasal prototypes /m/ and /n/ were used in all experiments, together with a range of preceding vowels differing only in the frequency and transitions of their second formant ( F2). When no explicit transitions were present between the vowel and nasal, the perception of each nasal changed from /m/ to /n/ as the vowel F2 increased. Introducing explicit formant transitions removed this effect, and listeners heard the appropriate percepts for each nasal prototype. However, if the transition and the nasal prototype were inconsistent, the percept was determined by the transition alone. In each experiment, therefore, the target frequency of the vowel F2 transition into the nasal consonant determined the percept, taking precedence over the formant structure of the nasal prototype. The results do not show strong evidence for formant streaming and are more consistent with pattern matching processes.

Information order and outcome framing: an assesment of judgment bias in a naturalistic decision-making context.

Findings that decision makers can come to different conclusions depending on the order in which they receive information have been termed the "information order bias." When trained, experienced individuals exhibit similar behaviors; however, it has been argued that this result is not a bias, but rather, a pattern-matching process. This study provides a critical examination of this claim. It also assesses both experts' susceptibility to an outcome framing bias and the effects of varying task loads on judgment. Using a simulation of state-of-the-art ship defensive systems operated by experienced, active-duty U.S. Navy officers, we found no evidence of a framing bias, while task load had a minor, but systematic effect. The order in which information was received had a significant impact, with the effect being consistent with a judgment bias. Nonetheless, we note that pattern-matching processes, similar to those that produce inferential and reconstructive effects on memory, could also explain our results. Actual or potential applications of this research include decision support system interfaces or training programs that might be developed to reduce judgment bias.

Implications of human pattern processing for the design of artificial knowledge systems

Artificial knowledge systems typically embody several design principles that are also widely accepted as characteristic of human knowledge processing. These properties include: canonical meaning representations for stored patterns; prototypes as representations of classes of stored patterns; pattern matching processes that must evaluate fully all stored patterns that partially match a target pattern; and pattern matching processes that are influenced by pattern complexity and limited processing capacity. This characterization of human pattern processing is critically evaluated in light of recent psychological studies. The implications of these results for the design of artificial knowledge systems are discussed.