Patricia Werhane Research Articles

A tribute to the late Dr. W. Michael Hoffman: Putting business ethics theory into practice

AbstractThis article is a tribute to the late Dr. W. Michael Hoffman's life and professional career (1943–2018), including his important contribution to the business ethics academic community, as well as to the practical world of business. Following a brief summary of Dr. Hoffman's professional achievements, several tributes are provided including from Professor Richard De George, columnist Gael O'Brien, and Professor Patricia Werhane. The tributes are followed by synopses of a small sample of Dr. Hoffman's many journal articles published in several different business ethics journals spanning 35 years (1982–2017). The tribute concludes with a personal note of gratitude by the author to Dr. Hoffman.

Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience. Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience, by Archie Carroll, Kenneth Lipartito, James Post, Patricia Werhane, and executive editor Kenneth Goodpaster. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. ISBN: 978-1-107-02094-8 (hardback), 978-1-107-60525-1 (paperback)

Corporate Responsibility: The American Experience, by Archie Carroll, Kenneth Lipartito, James Post, Patricia Werhane, and executive editor Kenneth Goodpaster. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. ISBN: 978-1-107-02094-8 (hardback), 978-1-107-60525-1 (paperback) - Volume 24 Issue 3

"The Morality of Capitalism: Left, Right and Center"

Historicaly there has been considerable debate about the moral status of capitalism, regardless of its practical achievements. Marx viewed it as exploitative, Adam Smith as good but for collectivistic reasons, and Ayn Rand as morally good because it was egoistic and individualistic. This symposium will feature presentations by three experts (on Marx, Smith and Rand, respectively). Thus the speakers will cover the full spectrum from left to right. There will be no discussant but rather an extended question period. Capitalism as Moral Presenter: Yaron Brook; Ayn Rand Institute Introduction Presenter: Edwin A. Locke; U. of Maryland, College Park Marx on the Morality of Capitalism Presenter: Richard Marens; California State U. Sacramento Adam Smith and the Role of Ethics in a Free Political Economy Presenter: Patricia Werhane; DePaul U.

Ethics and the business of biomedicine

Introduction, 1. Medicine and the market Daniel Callahan 2. Broken promises: do business friendly strategies frustrate just health care? Norman Daniels 3. Are patents an efficient and internationally fair means of funding research and development for new medicines? Paul Menzel 4. The exploitation of the economically disadvantaged in pharmaceutical research disclosure Tom L. Beauchamp 5. The dangers of detailing: how pharmaceutical marketing threatens health care Jason Hubbard 6. The ethics of direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising Denis G. Arnold 7. Industry-funded bioethics and the limits of disclosure Carl Elliott 8. Two cheers for the pharmaceutical industry Richard T. De George 9. The third face of medicine: ethics and business and challenges to professionalism Mary V. Rorty, Patricia Werhane, and Ann Mills 10. Theoretical foundations for an organizational ethics: developing norms for a new kind of health care George Khushf 11. A crisis in medical professionalism: time for Flexner II Daniel Wikler Bibliography Index.

Women in business: the changing face of leadership

Female executives of large companies are still in short supply in the U.S., but they have made great strides in recent years and their number is growing. Patricia Werhane and four other leadership experts interviewed twenty-two prominent women-including executives at Kraft, Boeing, and Harley Davidson-to uncover their leadership styles, reveal their most effective practices, and find out how they broke through the glass ceiling. This celebration of stellar executives highlights their achievements, the values and visions that guide them, and the contributions they've made to both their companies and industries. Besides enjoying fascinating stories, readers-both men and women-will gain insights that help them manage and lead better. Despite enormous strides in the status of women in business, female CEOs of Fortune 500 companies can be counted on two hands, and less than 15 percent of Fortune 500 board seats are held by women. These daunting statistics, however, belie another phenomenon: The iceberg of male domination in the boardroom is beginning to break up and melt. More and more women are assuming positions of real leadership. And it's none too soon. With the increasing diversity of the workforce, businesses need the wisdom successful female executives can offer. To encourage more women to step up to the plate, this book tells many stories of perseverance and inventiveness. But it digs deeper to reveal common qualities and characteristics that reflect a style of leadership that is in stark contrast-in every major dimension, from communication styles to team building to crisis management-to the traditional, white-male model that has dominated practice, theory, and management education. While men tend to be transactional leaders, the women profiled in this book are nothing less than inspiring, transformational leaders. The result is an incisive, engaging, thought-provoking, and ultimately empowering narrative that will serve as a guide for women now entering, progressing, and leading in the workplace-as well as the men with whom they work.

Is Philosophy Relevant to Applied Ethics?

Abstract:If, like Hegel and Dewey, one takes a historicist, anti-Platonist view of moral progress, one will be dubious about the idea that moral theory can be more than the systematization of the widely-shared moral intuitions of a certain time and place. One will follow Shelley, Dewey, and Patricia Werhane in emphasizing the role of the imagination in making moral progress possible. Taking this stance will lead one to conclude that although philosophy is indeed relevant to applied ethics, it is not more relevant than many other fields of study (such as history, law, political science, anthropology, literature, and theology).

Promoting Business Ethics

Walking into the auditorium for the opening session of the Tenth Annual International Conference Promoting Business Ethics, participants were immediately drawn into an online video game and its humanoid warriors fighting a battle of annihilation. The game, they soon discovered, was actually the subject of a case study which was to dominate the conference's three plenary sessions Coau thored by Judith Spain of Eastern Kentucky University and Gina Vega of Merrimack College, "Sony Online Entertainment: EverQuest or EverCrack" raised serious questions about corporate social responsibility and indi vidual personal responsibility which, in the opening ses sion, were described by Dr. Spain. The case study, in an earlier from, was first used at Eastern Kentucky University in a program which drew attention to the subject from the whole of the campus. The genesis and preparation of that endeavor is described in the opening contribution to this special issue of the Journal of Business Ethics. Following that brief description is the actual case study, and following that is a transcript of a debate between two of the leading American business eth icists, Moses Pava of Yehsiva University and Laura Hartman of Depaul University. Framed within a traditional Oxonian structure, Drs. Pava and Hart man argued the issues and implications of corporate and personal responsibility for business ethics. To celebrate the Tenth anniversary of the Inter national Conference Promoting Business Ethics, a reception featured Michael Schwartz of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology and humerous anecdotes from his annual travels between the United States and Australia for the Conference. In recogni tion of his professional scholarship, Dr. Schwartz was awarded the Deans' Prize for best paper of the Conference. Entitled, "What Gewirth is Worth at the Department Store," the article describes the subtle and not-so-subtle ways in which department stores reflect and encourage ethical values through the display of merchandise. Ingeniously, his argu ment is contextualized within the formulation of Peter Drucker's ethical analysis as response, in part, to Nazi Germany's awareness of the impact of depart ment stores on the values of the German people. That paper, however, does not stand alone as representative of the intersection of individual imagination, professional scholarship, and interna tional perspective. Many of the Conference partici pants raised serious concerns of ethical and unethical business in precisely the same manner, as reflected in the articles chosen for this special issue. They also reflect the Conference's continuing focus on St. Vincent DePaul's inspiring concern for the poor and marginalized which informs the com mon mission of the three sponsoring institutions of Marilynn Fleckenstein, Chair of the Philosophy Department at Niagara University, coordinates the Annual International Conference Promoting Business Ethics, teaches business ethics, and directs Learn and Serve Niagara, a program for experiential learning. Mary Maury is Coordinator for Business Ethics in the Tobin College of Business at St. John's University, teaches accounting, and is a Coordinator of the Annual International Conference Promoting Business Ethics. Partrick Primeaux, S. M., Chair of the Department of The ology and Religious Studies at St. John's University, is a Coordinator of the Annual International Conference Pro moting Business Ethics and teaches business ethics. Patricia Werhane, Wicklander Chair and Distinguished Pro fessor of Business Ethics at Depaul University, is a Coor dinator of the Annual International Conference Promoting Business Ethics, and is internationally recognized as a leading scholar and teacher in the field.

Book of the Month: In the Wake of Terror

Book of the Month: In the Wake of Terror

Patricia Werhane and Alan Singer, Business Ethics in Theory and Practice

Patricia Werhane and Alan Singer, Business Ethics in Theory and Practice

Moral Imagination and Management Decision Making

Patricia Werhane, in the book “Moral Imagination and Management Decision Making,” proposes that business ethics education has overlooked the importance of moral imagination. Werhane's book is a thin volume—less than 150 pages in length. Its central message is that managers need to deliberately and proactively expand their consciousness and, from this enlarged awareness, imagine and enact novel ethical responses.

Moral Imagination and Management Decision MakingMoral Imagination and Management Decision Making, by Werhane Patricia C.. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Patricia Werhane, in the book “Moral Imagination and Management Decision Making,” proposes that business ethics education has overlooked the importance of moral imagination. Werhane's book is a thin volume—less than 150 pages in length. Its central message is that managers need to deliberately and proactively expand their consciousness and, from this enlarged awareness, imagine and enact novel ethical responses.

Ethical issues in business: a philosophical approach

Ethical issues in business: a philosophical approach

Moral Imagination in Organizational Problem-Solving

This essay responds to Patricia Werhane's 1994 Ruffin Lecture address, "Moral Imagination and the Search for Ethical Decision-making in Management," using institutional theory as an analytical framework to explore conditions that either inhibit or promote moral imagination in organizational problem-solving. Implications of the analysis for managing organizational change and for business ethics theory development are proposed.

Moral Imagination in Organizational Problem-Solving: An Institutional Perspective

Abstract:This essay responds to Patricia Werhane’s 1994 Ruffin Lecture address, “Moral Imagination and the Search for Ethical Decision-making in Management,” using institutional theory as an analytical framework to explore conditions that either inhibit or promote moral imagination in organizational problem-solving. Implications of the analysis for managing organizational change and for business ethics theory development are proposed.

Moral Imagination in Organizational Problem-solving

Abstract:This essay responds to Patricia Werhane’s 1994 Ruffin Lecture address, “Moral Imagination and the Search for Ethical Decision-making in Management,” using institutional theory as an analytical framework to explore conditions that either inhibit or promote moral imagination in organizational problem-solving. Implications of the analysis for managing organizational change and for business ethics theory development are proposed.

Health Care Ethics

More an analysis of moral values and principles than a set of rules, these essays are both complimentary and critical of the health care industry. The 58 contributors represent a cross-section of American universities and related programs, and they consist of philosophers, attorneys, physicians, and health care officials. In almost every issue there are conflicting viewpoints, which the authors elucidate in a fair and balancedwaywithout proposing preformed conclusions or easy relief for our conscience. The issues are so new and unprecedented, so complex and innovative, that they defy evaluation by our traditional value systems. Imagine for a moment that you are the patient and your doctor has been called upon to withdraw your technical life support. What would your wishes be? "There is a large segment of society that regards the exercise of such decisions by a physician as assisted suicide," writes Michael Rie. Rie continues, "Patients should be allowed the right (via their advance directive) to signal those circumstances under which they no longer wish to pay health care institu¬ tions or providers for care that is no longer desired," and in an appendix he submits a simplified version of such an advance directive,whichwould stop the payments for such unwanted services. Several authors comment on the grow¬ ing market orientation in health care. Patricia Werhane draws on the wisdom of Adam Smith and summarizes:

Beyond Selfishness: Adam Smith and the Limits of the Market

prevailing that, as one recent book title puts it, Adam Smith discovered modern economics and put an end to morality. In business ethics, accordingly, Adam Smith typically proves to be a stumbling block rather than a resource. He is all too often taken to have successfully defended, once and for all, greed and self-interest, the magic ofthe and the irrelevance of morals in business. His latter-day celebrants, notably Milton Friedman and his Chicago-school Brethren, typically glorify what they take to be the underlying message of the Wealth of Nations without much troubling themselves about the philosophical and ethical framework within which that great book was conceived and written, indeed, without paying much attention at all to the deep ethical tensions within the book itself. But from across the city of Chicago, philosopher and well-known business ethicist Patricia Werhane has taken on the prevailing view and its anti-ethical implications and issued a welcome challenge to the Friedmanesque reductions of Smith to a mere free marketeer. Her new book, Adam Smith and His Legacy for Modern Capitalism, is an extended study and vindication of Smith as a rich and complex thinker in both ethics and business. The argument is not new, of course, but the emphasis on Smith's insistence that a free market is possible only within the framework of justice can never be repeated often enough and it has rarely been stated so well. As everyone in business ethics knows, Adam Smith wrote two books, not one, although this fact seems to come as a surprise to many avid Smith supporters. ?1993. Business Ethics Quarterly, Volume 3, Issue 4. ISSN 1052-150X. 0453-0460.

Engineers Who Kill

The work upon which this paper was based was supported in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities under Grant Number OSS-7906980. Some of the ideas here were developed during participation in the National Project on Philosophy and Engineering Ethics (at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. For comments and encouragement, I am indebted to Stephen H. Unger, David Davis, Sandra Ward, Robert Bruder, Vivian Weil, Patricia Werhane, T. Paul Torda, Andrew G. Oldenquist, Victor Paschkis, Edward E. Slowter, Win Nagley, Frank Tillman, Eliot Deutsch, Edward D. Harter, Fred Bender, Deborah Johnson, and Sara Lyn Smith. Earlier versions of this paper have been read at the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Century 2 Conference in San Francisco (August, 1980) and at the Conference on Business and Professional Ethics sponsored by Loyola University and University of Illinois at Chicago Circle (May, 1981).