Patriarchal Way Research Articles

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ МАСКУЛИННОСТИ И ФЕМИНИННОСТИ ЧЕРЕЗ ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ СТЕРЕОТИПЫ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ВЬЕТНАМСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)

The categories of femininity and masculinity, studied from the perspective of gender stereotypes, are opposed to each other in qualitative and quantitative terms. According to the results of the study, the following patterns were revealed: gender stereotypes reflect the patriarchal way of Vietnamese society, indicate the presence of gender asymmetry (femininity is represented in the Vietnamese language more widely compared to the category of masculinity), fix gender discrimination against women, whose image is often negatively labeled. Key words: masculinity, femininity, gender stereotype, Vietnamese language, phraseological units, paroemias

The evolution and transformation of youth entrepreneurship in China: a sociological analysis

The purpose of the article is to conduct a socio-historical study of the evolution and stages of the formation of youth entrepreneurship in China. The main problem is to identify and characterize the evolution and patterns that reveal the entrepreneurship of Chinese youth as a market mechanism that successfully functions in the conditions of the socialist economy of China. The object of the study is the entrepreneurial activity of young Chinese people. The subject of the study is the systematization of the stages of formation of youth entrepreneurship in various periods of transformation of Chinese society. The sources of information are scientific research carried out by Russian and Chinese researchers, as well as researchers from other countries. A comprehensive analysis of the sociodynamics of the development of youth entrepreneurship in China allows us to thoroughly and objectively identify and characterize the main systemic connections of this social phenomenon. The research methodology assumes a socio-historical analysis of the stages of the formation of youth entrepreneurship in China. A generalized analysis of the significant dependence of youth entrepreneurship on the general trends in the development of entrepreneurship in China as a social institution and the need for significant regulatory, organizational, educational efforts on the part of society and the state for its formation, maintenance and development is carried out. It is shown that at the stage of transition of Chinese society from subsistence farming to a planned economy (1945-1950), youth entrepreneurship was mainly spontaneous, non-institutional in nature and manifested itself as facts of entrepreneurial activity of individuals. The patriarchal way of life and rigid hierarchies of relations did not contribute to the development of entrepreneurial initiative of young people. At the second stage, in the process of transition to an industrial society (1951-1966), the centralization of the economy is increasing, and the main areas of activity of Chinese youth are directed to the political sphere, to the detriment of entrepreneurial initiatives in the economy. The third stage, the transition to an open society (1967-1978), is characterized by changes in the understanding of the political role of youth in society, the era after the Cultural Revolution laid the foundation for recognizing the important role of market foundations and youth entrepreneurship in the subsequent stages of China's development. The transition to a legal society (the fourth stage of the "Four Modernizations", after 1978), gives impetus to the development of youth entrepreneurship in China.

Внешние влияния на социальные процессы в чеченском обществе второй половины XIX века

Introduction. The article examines and analyzes the influence of external aspects on the development of social processes in Chechen society in the second half of the 19th century. According to the author, the main and leading role in the galvanization of the changes that took place in Chechen societies was played by the Russian Empire, which, having come to the North Caucasus and offered the local peoples its own development paradigm, contributed to the acceleration of intra-system transformations that had roots in the distant past. The traditional patriarchal way of life began to be tested due to the impact of socio-cultural and socio-economic innovations associated with the capitalist relations introduced in the region. Materials and Methods. The study is based on an analytical comprehension of the works of famous domestic historians of the Caucasus, ethnographers and political economists devoted to the socio-political conditions of the development of the North Caucasus in the 17th – second half of the 19th centuries and was based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and reliability. The appeal to the scientific work of specific researchers was determined by both the depth and comprehensiveness of their penetration into the essence of the problem under consideration, the integral and panoramic vision of the historical processes under study, and, in part, by the proximity of their ethno-national origin to the ethno-cultural world of the Chechen people. Analysis. According to M.A. Mamakaev’s point of view, the role that the taip played in Chechen societies for a long historical time is beyond doubt. This consanguineous structure had great plasticity and was able to effectively respond to the demands of local societies, to respond to internal and external challenges. Based on the opinions shared by M.O. Kosvena, K.S. A.-K. Kokurkhaeva, A.I. Robakidze and R.L. Kharadze, the author came to the conclusion that the strength of the taip organization of the social life of the mountain Chechens was due to the age-old experience of the struggle for survival. It forced them to adhere to intra-ethnic solidarity, which to a large extent leveled the social class stratification inevitable in new historical circumstances. It is the external factor (Russia) that seems to have contributed to the preservation of traditional patriarchal norms for regulating life among the Chechens. Results. With account of the results of the study and V.I. Lenin’s point of view on the unfolding socio-economic processes in the region after the arrival of Russia, along with which the meanings and practices of capitalism began to penetrate the North Caucasus, it canbe stated that the traditional socio-cultural and economic structure of local life underwent a significant reformatting and was tied to the same processes that took place within the Russian Empire itself. They largely contributed to the pace and depth of renovationism after the elimination of competition from the mountain statehood – the imamate.

«Меня уничтожало это систематическое преследование…»: проблема перевоспитания жены в повести П. Летнева «Не под силу»

The article is dedicated to the work of the forgotten writers of the second half of the 19th century Praskovya Alexandrovna (1829-1892) and Anna Alexandrovna (1833–1914) Lachinovs, who published under the collective pseudonym of P. Letnev. Many works of the Lachinovs, including the story Unbearable (1891), address the problems of marriage and family. The main focus of the article is on the depiction in the story of the psychology of family relationships, in particular, the dynamics of the psychological confrontation of the main character Vera Pavlovna, defending her human rights, her husband, who strives to suppress his wife as a person and make her obey his will, is analyzed. P. Letnev focuses on the emotional and psychological experiences of the heroine, her refusal to play the role of a victim, the process of moral and everyday struggle with male tyranny. A noteworthy detail is the similarity of the name of the protagonist with the name of the heroine of N. G. Chernyshevsky’s novel; however, the novel by P. Letnev shows the image of a woman not of the future, but of the present, who finds it ‘unbearable’ to confront the established way. The compositional structure of the work gives reason to say that the work combines the “external” and “internal” points of view (B. A. Uspensky) on the character and actions of Vera Pavlovna. The constructed ego-document - the diary of the main character – expresses her position, destroying the idea of the correctness and inviolability of the foundations of the patriarchal way of life, which allows us to show the traumatic family experience of the protagonist. Special attention in the article is paid to the techniques by which the individual “I” of Vera Pavlovna is created, destroying the authoritarian patriarchate discourse.

Социокультурные особенности проблемы домашнего насилия в России

The severity of domestic violence in Russia is due to the attitude of the population and the government to the problem. Its emergence is due to the presence of a large number of socio-cultural features of the Russian peo-ple, determined by their worldview and way of thinking, based on the patriarchal way of family life, lack of re-spect for women, traditionally negative attitude towards divorce. The article outlines the influence on the devel-opment of the situation of such factors as the population’s multiculturalism, its rejection of European values, the absence of a law on domestic violence in Russia, the lack of trust in the authorities, and the fragmentation of statistics. It is emphasized that centuries-old traditions, as well as ingrained stereotypes to this day have a great influence on the perception of women and their role in the family and society. Violence against elderly citizens and children is also raised in the article. In addition, it is noted that the socio-cultural characteristics of the Rus-sian people can be considered as the main reason for the facts of violence in the domestic environment.

Сельская мусульманская религиозность в условиях трансформации российского общества

The article reveals the specifics of rural religiosity as an important factor in the development of rural society in Russia. Sociological and historical material, related to the social life of the Tatars of the Middle Volga region in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods serves as an empirical base. New, previously unpublished archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation. The connection is established between the level of religiosity and such factors as settlement size, socio-professional structure, intensity of atheistic propaganda and state-confessional relations at the local level, economic activity of the peasantry, and development of rural entrepreneurship. The authorities in the Tatar and Bashkir autonomous republics successfully solved the tasks of the Soviet anti-religious policy. However, in the other Volga regions, where the Tatars were an ethnic minority, there was a phenomenon of separate settlements with increased religious activity and informally economic active residents, which the authorities had to reckon with. In the post-Soviet period, this category of villages, in addition to high religiosity, is distinguished by a stable socio-demographic and economic situation. The article raises the question of the causes and conditions of the paradoxical situation, when the preservation of the patriarchal way of life and religious traditions accompanied the successful adaptation of rural communities to new economic realities. It is concluded that it is necessary to study the specifics of religiosity, since informal economic and social practices were built around national and religious traditions. The studied problem of the stability of rural religiosity is a part of a broader problem of preserving the Russian village as a stable ethno-social organism.

«Жила-была одна баба». Семейная драма священнической жены Людмилы Капитоновой (по материалам государственного архива республики Татарстан)

Introduction. The article uses a concrete historical example through an anthropological approach to make one of the first attempts in Russian historiography to highlight the problem of the place, role and position of women within the family and intra-church relations of the early XX century. Materials and methods. The analysis of archival material demonstrates a complex system of communication and deep psychological and cultural contradictions in the environment of the provincial parish clergy of the period under review. A woman was assigned a subordinate role in it, while her violation of the traditional order turned into adverseconsequences. Results. The increase in the level of education of women and, as a result, the strengthening of their intellectual, legal and cultural emancipation in the post-reform period, ran into patriarchal attitudes of the church environment. The clash of tradition and innovation resulted in acute interpersonal and intragroup conflicts, during which the parties often annihilated basic ethical rules. It is noteworthy that, acting as an arbiter in the clashes of subordinates, the hierarchy sought to counteract the penetration of cultural and psychological innovations into the Orthodox community. It happened that such protectionism went against the canons and legislation of the church, turning into a violation of the key principles of justice. Nevertheless, thanks to this orientation and practical approaches, the church sought to achieve mental homogeneity of the clergy and internal stability of the system in conditions of external social turbulence. Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that the church society was a closed system with a very peculiar matrix of norms and rules, hanging in a stable disequilibrium between traditionalism and post-reform modernism. The church, which was based on a patriarchal way of life, was not ready for the correction of gender roles in the conditions of innovative changes, even where this did not pose a direct threat to its cultural tradition.

Moral Literature in Tamil on the Qualities of Coyness and Chastity of Women

A woman from birth to death lives her life for the welfare of others instead of living for herself. For such a woman in the ancient times, many titles such as a woman filled with fear, modesty bordering on ignorance, and Coyness have been assigned to such a woman. The restrictions that she has to travel throughout her life through the titles laid down in such a way are pointed out in a gentle and patriarchal way. In ancient period, women are forced in various ways to live a slave lifestyle. Those who deviate slightly from these restrictions are reprimanded as deviant. Since ancient times, the human society had the lofty idea that human beings should led a virtuous life. Such status is considered as a tool to destroy women's ability to assimilate her knowledge. Chastity and coyness are common to the human race, but society insists that it belongs only to the female clan and being with chastity and coyness will bring pride to women. This article examines chastity and coyness which are the two qualities among four types of qualities in moral literature.

HRYHORII SKOVORODA AND DISCOURSE OF UKRAINIAN MODERNISM

The aim of the paper is to explore the line of Ukrainian Modernity which is expressed in the writings of Hryhorii Skovoroda by combining the Christian concept of human life and the experience of Antiquity, perceived through the prism of Christianity. In this context, the motive of spiritual renewal is directly conditioned by the understanding of the interaction of God’s Word with the human one, which is manifested in the persistent work of revealing the biblical meaning and creating a new form for its preservation and transmission. In this way, the timeless nature of the human ideal and its function in distinguishing the temporal forms of the new and the old, the real and the false, is affirmed. It is noticed that Skovoroda's concepts and images agree with the theories of modernism and modern identity of the 20th and early 21st centuries.
 Against the background of the elongated, even irritating discourse of Ukrainian Modernism caused by external and internal transformations of national existence, Skovoroda’s markers prove that spiritual, moral, and expressive priorities may be conflicting but not deny each other. This is mostly true for language and correlation of religion and metaphysics. According to Skovoroda, the art of the form serves as a shell, amulet, and translator of the divine meaning revealing life-giving depths. In this sense, the whimsical clothing of the word draws attention to the process of cognition, gives an opportunity to see the inner behind the external. In this regard, the continuity between the Baroque and Romanticism determines primarily their common spiritual space, due to the whirlpool of the same sources.
 It is concluded that Skovoroda’s creative figure always becomes a landmark for Ukrainian Modernism, because due to him even modernity is understood not only as a certain era or ideology but as the inner state and inner world of an author. This state can coexist with the patriarchal way of life and with the phenomena of real or conditional progress. In this sense, the thesis of the unfinished project of Ukrainian modernism must be understood from the perspective of eternal travel and distant horizons, which may not always equally reveal but do equally contain sources of Antiquity and Christianity.

ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

The paper examines the economic, demographic and other important features of the development of the Republic of Korea. This state has gone from an agrarian power of a typical post-war Asian country to one of the world's industrial leaders. Among economists and managers, the phenomenon of the development of the Chinese economy is often studied. At the same time, it is overlooked that the Korean economy occupies the first place in the production of electronics, especially memory cards, and in general the Korean economy does not have such a serious debt burden as China. At the same time, Korea has certain difficulties and reserves in human resource management. The patriarchal way of life, the preferential right of men to managerial positions, and the almost complete absence of vacations impose serious restrictions on the development of both the economy of the whole country and the evolution of society. It is necessary to gradually adapt not only economic and industrial achievements to the Korean land, but also effective methods of human resource management, which have shown their effectiveness in other countries. Globalization will intensify, and in these conditions, societies that do not show flexibility in the development of their people will be inferior to other economies.

Herzegovina`s Literary Portrait in Alija Nametak`s and Almin Kaplan`s Prose Work

Alija Nametak and Almin Kaplan are two writers of Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature. Their prose work is defined by two separate historical periods. Alija Nametak`s prose originated in the 1930s, retaining a realistic poetic framework of storytelling and thematically entering into historical strife, folklore, and social relations amalgamated into the patriarchal way of life of Bosniak rural communities in Herzegovina. On the other hand, Almin Kaplan creates in the cultural climate of the first decades of the 21st century, combining poetic and prose expression in his literary work. Kaplan's literary world built on post-war actuality realistically depicts Bosnian society and convincingly portrays a man sandwiched between the magma of dreams and harsh reality, at the crossroads of personal and collective values, in a time of economic transition, unemployment, broken ethical values, and new globalist movements, but still burdened by the war trauma of the 1990s. Although they are separated by almost the whole century, Alija Nametak and Almin Kaplan can be connected by certain similarities that will be the backbone of this research: woven into the Herzegovinian ambiance with all its geographical, historical, social, and cultural conditions, both draw their literary motifs from the socio-cultural landscape of Herzegovina, which is a stage for small human stories and universal truths. The research corpus of this paper will be based on the novel Meho (2019) and the collection of short stories Dubravske priče (2020) by Almin Kaplan and several short stories from the collection Trava zaboravka (1966/1998) by Alija Nametak.

FEMALE ELEMENTS: THE IMAGE OF ALVINA HOUGHTON IN D.H. LAWRENCE THE LOST GIRL

The article is devoted to the study of the female image in the novel The Lost Girl by the English modernist writer David Herbert Lawrence and to the actualization of the issue of woman’s role and place in the society at the beginning of the 20th century. The rapid development of feminism led to the aggravation of the issue of the woman’s existence and their status in the community, their rights and freedoms. A woman stops to be a man’s shadow, as she used to be under the patriarchal way of life of people, she prefers to express her own views on everyday or social problems, goals, ideas, desires. The purpose of the article is to highlight the concepts of “feminine”, “feminist”, "female" in the image of Alvina, which reflect the character’s relationship with her family and other characters of the novel, who surrounded her at different periods of her life. The main heroine’s character is elaborated in the article. Alvina is depicted so contradictory that she is dominated by a single concept at different periods of her life. They seem to flow in to each other, not simply coexist. We considered the young girl’s relationship with the family and the society in which she lives, precisely through the description of which, the writer focuses the reader’s attention on the problem of “woman-society” relations. The main character is depicted by the writer as a strong and courageous woman who does not fit into the framework that was typical for the community of the 19th- 20th centuries. D.H. Lawrence and his bold creativity are the forerunner of the events that will unfold in society later, when the question of woman’s role and place in the society will reach the peak of its popularity.

The Duality of Voyeuristic and Phallocentric Tokens in K.S. Maniam’s “Mala”

This paper attempts to examine the Notions of voyeuristic and phallocentric tokens in K.S. Maniam’s “Mala.” In essence, the study tries to scrutinize the inherent relationship between males and females through psychic drives. These drives are mainly motivated by social milieus which control the behaviors of males and females. Therefore, males and females abide by the social manners that make them different from each other. Accordingly, my study will analyze the characters of Maniam’s “Mala.” It will specifically concentrate on female behaviors and how they are depicted in a patriarchal way. Furthermore, the analysis will tackle Maniam’s notion of voyeuristic and phallocentric ideas projected in the story. These ideas are associated with feminism and gender studies that try to bridge the gap between males and females. In this respect, my study will analyze the female protagonist Mala that tries to be equal to men in her male-dominated society. The protagonist embodies Maniam’s critique of females and their inferiority to males. Moreover, the concepts of voyeurism and phallocentrism will be applied to explore the protagonist’s internal drives caused by traditional “feminist” domestic affairs.

Conservative Christianity and Intimate Partner Violence in Brazil

Abstract Based on empirical research in a women’s shelter in São Paulo, Brazil, this article examines how ‘secular’ professionals and service users negotiate conservative Christian faith, gender roles and domestic violence. The article demonstrates how staff use theological arguments with feminist interpretations of religion, in order to better communicate with abused women of faith. A key finding is that both the religious service users and the ‘secular’ professionals discover it is not religion per se which allows for situations of violence, but rather the patriarchal way in which conservative Christianity is taught in some churches, ultimately functioning as a method of controlling women. Moreover, through feminist consciousness-raising and attention to women’s rights, some abused women of faith find ways of negotiating the violence they experience, leading to an understanding of it as both personal and political.

Maria Lizogub’s painting and tendencies in Women Art in Kazakhstan Authors D.S.Sharipova

This article examines the phenomenon of Women Art in Kazakhstan of the XX century. The analysis of the works of Maria Lizogub allows researcher to describe the specific nature of Kazakh women's painting. Analyzing the personality of artist, her creative path, author reveals the style of the works and their importance for the development of national tendencies in art. The artist was able to overcome the barriers of gender inequality declaring herself as the leading representative in the art of Kazakhstan. At the same time, making an accent on the woman’s huge spiritual potential, she comprehended her as a keeper of hearth and home and the patriarchal way of life. This duality consists in the issue of identification processes when the representation of female interacted with ethnic and cultural self-determination.

«Легенда о Великом инквизиторе» как метасюжет традиционалистской прозы

The article deals with the analysis of the refraction of the metaplot about the Grand Inquisitor in the traditionalist prose of the turn of the 20th-21st centuries. The complex of motives presented in the legend of the Grand Inquisitor corresponds to the crisis of the value system characteristic of the traditionalism of this period (new traditionalism). The crisis is accompanied by the loss of reference points as such, a situation of extreme uncertainty: the worldview dualism inherent in ‘classical’ traditionalist prose is replaced by multivariance. The role of the Grand Inquisitor, creating a false but acceptable system of values, plays a patriarchal way. In the works of B. Ekimov, M. Tarkovsky, R. Senchin the following the patriarchal way of life, traditional peasant work on the land does not allow one to support the family, to ensure the continuation of the family. The only alternative found by F. Dostoyevsky is forgiving love, which opens the way to otherness, which was previously open to any patriarchal hero. In crisis periods, it is given only to those who are capable of conscious choice, to sacrifice / self-sacrifice for the sake of another, which allows to overcome chaos and non-existence.

A case study investigation of student perceptions of women as seen in the Cambridge Latin Course in a selective girls grammar school

‘In 1986 we should no longer settle for books that present women as almost invisible entities.’(Charlayne Allan, 1986, p.6).Charlayne Allan's conclusion in her 1986 work, ‘Images of Women’ calls for a transformation in the inclusion and presentation of women in Classics educational materials. However, 33 years later, the presentation of women in educational textbooks remains a prevalent issue in many countries today with slow progress being made (BBC, 2017). The discipline of Classics has been criticised for being particularly slow in addressing the issue of gender bias in textbooks, both ensuring that there is a female voice in educational materials and also responding to female scholarship (Churchill, 2006, p.86). There has been some criticism of the popular and widely-used Cambridge Latin Course with the suggestion that ancient women are not equally or fairly represented through the characters and storylines used in the textbooks (Churchill, 2006; Upchurch, 2013). The course was first written in the 1970s and so, perhaps understandably, lacks strong female characters which might suit the engagement of students of the modern world. One solution which has been proposed by the critics mentioned above is the re-designing of the course with a more equal gender balance. However, I am unsure as to whether this is the best way forward. The re-designing of an entire textbook course (and all its online resources, etc.) is a complex undertaking, especially as the CLC has been carefully constructed around a continuous storyline. The creation of female characters, who would have a real significance to students’ learning and understanding of the Roman world, cannot simply be added into the stories without significantly changing the course (Joffe, 2019). Moreover, the way in which women are depicted in the CLC should not merely be a numerical matter. Consideration of how best to accurately present and teach students about the experiences of women in the Roman world, bearing in mind the Roman patriarchal way of thinking, could be endangered to achieve a mathematical solution for gender balance. The success of the CLC is largely down to its popular storylines and characters and so, for the purposes of my research, I will focus on the balance between the importance of an engaging storyline and at the same time, ensuring that the lives of ancient women are accurately presented through the female characters.

Н. А. ДОБРОЛЮБОВ И Н. Г. ЧЕРНЫШЕВСКИЙ О РОМАНЕ И. А. ГОНЧАРОВА «ОБЛОМОВ»: ИСТОРИКО-ПОЛИТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ

The article attempts to reconstruct the controversy between N. A. Dobrolyubov and N. G. Chernyshevsky about the socio-political content of the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov. The analysis of the thinkers’ views on the problem of Russian life, which after the release of the novel received the stable name “Oblomovism”, is given. According to the results of the study, the author concluded that the views of the leading critics of the Sovremennik magazine on the public importance of the novel turned out to be opposite. Dobrolyubov in 1859 wrote an article “What is Oblomovism?” in which he tried to convince his readers that “Oblomov” is a “useful” book, ridiculing laziness and indifference to “public issues”. Chernyshevsky, however, refused to write a review. In all probability he regarded the novel to be “harmful”, idealizing the patriarchal way of life.

A gendered analysis on adaptation to resettlement stress: case studies from Deduru Oya reservoir project in Sri Lanka

Dam constructions and flow modifications lead a nation towards significant development. Other than expected positive outcomes, a dam can contribute to severe negative impacts on society and environment. Displacement and resettlement due to dams affect the communities adversely. Displacement affects males and females differently as each gender is assigned with specific roles that lead to different responses. Though, many large dam projects such as Mahaweli have been undertaken in Sri Lanka, gendered responses to resettlement stress has not been adequately documented. Therefore, this study attempted to analyse the responses to seven identified resettlement stress factors by each gender using twelve case studies from Deduru Oya reservoir project in Sri Lanka. The resettlement stress factors under consideration were landlessness, unemployment, homelessness, marginalization, food insecurity, loss of access to common properties and social disintegration. For the issues of landlessness, unemployment and homelessness, males take longer time to adapt since they tend to secure a permanent livelihood while females find immediate possible solutions for issues such as feeding children and caring for family. Even though both genders are marginalized within the new community, women are more affected due transfer of land ownership completely to men. The traditional reproductive gender roles that females have to play amidst the resettlement stress place tremendous pressure on them. No provisions have been made to meet females’ practical and strategic needs in the resettled environment. In addition, patriarchal way of land reallocation makes females marginalised within the family itself.

Peasants of the Dnipro Ukraine are becoming Soviet People (1920s – the beginning of the 1930s): a Religious Aspect

An analysis of the latest research shows that the interest of Ukrainian historians in the pages of the so-called "big change" in the village, which dates back to the late 1920s – early 1930s, is significant, but it is almost unrelated to the religious aspect. According to the author, it is as important for a general adequate understanding of the epoch-making changes, that took place in the peasant society, as knowledge of the social, economic or political spheres. This creates the relevance of the proposed research. As a result of the research, the author concluded that in historical conditions of modernization, which took place synchronously with the preservation of the foundations of the traditional village, there were several options for further historical evolution of the peasantry. The Bolshevik political scenario according to which the Naddniprianschyna peasants fell into the ideological orbit of "class theory", and then had to become Soviet people, is one of them. In this case, the key role belonged to changes that affected consciousness. "Materialization" of the inner world of people in general and the patriarchal way of life meant almost the most complex version of such a modification, because they had to not only transform their inner world within the framework of the Christian faith, but rather pass on to atheistic ideological positions. We have every reason to assert that on the eve of such sweeping and cruel events as collectivization, "dispossession" and Holodomor, the peasants suffered a great moral upheaval – apostasy from God. The loss of traditional religiosity took place against the backdrop of general social modernization, which is clearly evident in the context of formation of a new rural man ("kolhospnyky"). If in an agrarian society peasants adhered to religious traditions closely and directly related to natural cycles and labor on land, they now had to minimize their dependence on these traditions. The authorities made any ideological and worldview alternative impossible for them, at the same time the industrial society with its mechanization, agronomy, veterinary medicine, medicine, radio, new transport infrastructure offered the kind of perspective. Peasants had to survive a peculiar stress, which provided for the destruction of a sense of human dignity.