Patriarchal Practices Research Articles

Configuring Markedness Theory of Opposition in Qaisara Sheraz’s Typhoon: A Feministic Binary Opposed Linguistic Analysis

This paper aims to explore the status of women accompanied by patriarchal practices in Pakistan. The linguistic features are analyzed to find the stereotypes as the product of marked and unmarked socio-cognitive structures. Markedness theory of binary opposition has been implied as a theoretical framework. The data includes a few of the lines of the novel selected through purposive sampling. The research proposes qualitative enumeration of the feministic binary opposition. The results show the binary oppositions as marked and unmarked structures of cultural practices enduring cognitive strata through generational practice. The marked suppressive roles of women are subjected to overdue unmarked dominant roles of men. Unmarked dominant roles of the males exhibited the unjust behavior of men around Naghmana, Gulshan, and Chuadharani Kaniz. The results also depicted the negative concepts associated with roles attributed to the unmarked notion of women. The negative roles for women as unmarked concepts show their suppressive roles. The research is significant in analyzing the binary roles as the cause of unequal social relations. It implies the markedness of linguistic choices as a tool to analyze the social structure through binary opposition. The research is particular in providing an additional hierarchy of feminine markedness in the theory of binary opposition. The study also contributes to cognitive studies by implying unmarked dominant roles as the result of naturally existing, frequent, and socially practiced cognitive strata.

The Domestication of Women in Stunting Mitigation Programs in Sidoarjo Regency

One of the challenges in realizing the vision of Golden Indonesia 2045 in Sidoarjo Regency is stunting. The stunting treatment program implemented by the government puts women in a central position. This study seeks to explore the domestication efforts of women in the stunting treatment program in Sidoarjo Regency. A qualitative approach with primary and secondary data was chosen to explore the research objectives. The data obtained through interviews were then analyzed using Walby's theory. The results of the study show that the implementation of the stunting treatment program in Sidoarjo Regency has encouraged the domestication of women. They are placed as parties who must be responsible for stunting treatment. Patriarchal practices occur in the implementation of stunting prevention programs, both in the public sphere and even more so in the private sphere. The government needs to reorient the implementation of the program. Considering that in its implementation, the government even justifies and perpetuates gender inequality.Keywords : domestication of women; gender; patriarchy; stunting

Queering Striated Food Politics: Tropical Postg(l)ocal Precarity in Romesh Gunesekera’s Reef

The inoperativity of striated narratives of food politics stands caught up by patriarchal practices of identity formation entailing codification of different sexualities in terms of ‘rigid’ territories and strata and therefore cannot but conform to the irresistible snares of tropical postg(l)ocal precarity embodied by the disseminating strands of neoliberal capitalism. It thus calls for the actualization of queering to decimate ‘rigid segmentarities’ of striated food politics, which seeks to work in tandem with the territorializing movements of tropical postg(l)ocal precarity backed by the structures of patriarchal normativity. Queering striated food politics in the context of Sri Lanka strikes up an epistemic departure from the practices of culinary stratification of sexualities and eventually takes up rhizomatic movements both to call the nuanced liaisons between striated food politics and tropical postg(l)ocal precarity into question and suggest a ‘smooth politics’ in the form of a nomadic ‘war machine’. Queering striated food politics thus entails a strong resistance against the patriarchal culinary incarcerations of sexualities, taking substantial recourse to Romesh Gunesekera’s novel Reef.

Religiosity and entrepreneurship: women entrepreneurs in Turkiye

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to showcase how entrepreneurial opportunities can be contextually formed differently for women entrepreneurs concerning their relationship with religion. This article reveals the multi-level and nuanced relationship between religiosity and entrepreneurship through a contextual lens by studying the interaction in a specific national country, Turkiye.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the life stories of 10 Turkish women entrepreneurs operating in Turkiye. Data were selected purposefully to conduct an in-depth analysis. Thematic content analysis with a discursive approach and deductive and inductive coding methods were performed.FindingsThe findings suggest that the relationship between religiosity and entrepreneurial opportunities is highly contextual and nuanced. Religiosity brings trust and provides access to religious networks which can lead to entrepreneurial opportunities, while leaving people outside of this network bereft of these benefits. The creation of a closed circle for its beneficiaries is a feature of a social network, yet the results show that contextual forces of politics and gender can lead women entrepreneurs outside of this religious network to limit their possibilities of accessing public funding and facilities based on their perceptions as well as negative experiences. It is also seen that religiosity at a certain level is necessary to operate in conservative settings and traditionally masculine business environments with patriarchal practices and norms, as well as due to the religious affinity of the ruling political party. However, because of perceptions and discursive meanings attached to religion and religiosity in the country, women entrepreneurs need to be cautious in expressing their religiosity and find a balance so that they are not seen as unprofessional, incompetent and unqualified as well as do not jeopardise their business due to a controversial religious affiliation.Originality/valueThis paper is of value as it studies religiosity from a contextual perspective enabling and constraining women entrepreneurs in their entrepreneurship in relation to gendered and political structures. In this way, it displays the multiple ways of limitation and support that religiosity can bring for them concerning entrepreneurial opportunities. Turkiye provides a rich context with its mixed religious and secular societal norms and values and neo-liberal institutions and policies to examine the so-far underexplored issue of religiosity in the field of entrepreneurship.

Intersectional activism: Dutch-Turkish Muslim women “talking back” to securitization and Islamophobia

ABSTRACT This article investigates the efforts of influential Turkish Muslim civil society actors to amplify the voices of Muslim women in the Netherlands. Through interviews, the research uncovers the impacts of Islamophobia and securitization policies on the classification of Muslim women as either threats or victims. The study captures participants’ responses challenging intersectional discrimination based on gender, religion, and race, employing the notion of “talking back” as an analytical framework reflecting resistance. This includes criticisms of boundaries, discrimination, a lack of representation, and patriarchal practices. Participants engaged in talking-back practices by critiquing mainstream feminism’s homogenous approach, advocating for Muslim women’s rights through Islamic feminism, distinguishing culture from religion, and participating in local women’s organizations. The findings hold significant implications for integration, citizenship, security, and multiculturalism amidst rising Islamophobia. This research contributes to uncovering the voices of Dutch-Turkish Muslim women pushing back against marginalization at the intersection of racism, sexism, and discrimination.

Feeling climate injustice: Affective climate violence, greenhouse gaslighting and the whiteness of climate anxiety

This paper explores the process of feeling climate injustice. It aims to situate climate distress as an issue of justice, in order to generate more politically accountable and empowering responses. It firstly situates climate anxiety, solastalgia and climate disaster trauma as symptoms of affective climate violence, where harm that could have been prevented was instead consciously and systematically exacerbated by fossil fuelled political regimes. It articulates witnessing as a practice of affective climate justice, an approach that would recognise climate distress as violence, and offer support, apology and redress for this violence, including through seeking to prevent future climate change. However, the second section outlines how, in perverse efforts to maintain fossil fuel interests, climate distress is often further amplified through practices of greenhouse gaslighting – denying, deriding and dismissing people's experiences of harm. Greenhouse gaslighting is outlined as a patriarchal practice of emotional abuse that is enabled by and seeks to perpetuate white-colonial-extractivism. Thirdly, the paper argues that even within progressive circles, current efforts to witness climate distress potentially fail to enact affective climate justice due to discourses that centre whiteness and privilege, rather than recognising and responding to the different and unequal forms of affective climate violence experienced by diverse peoples.

Experiences from Running a Participatory Media Platform for Women and Led by Women in Rural North India

Patriarchal practices and other socio-cultural norms in rural North India often prevent women from participating in digital platforms. In this paper we present a voice-based participatory community media platform that runs over simple voice-based phone calls. The platform is meant for women users and is led by women and has been used by 12,222 women users over the course of 20 months. We conduct a qualitative study and present several innovations, such as creating a safe space for women, which have contributed to more participation of women on the platform. We present a framework which can serve as a guidance for researchers and practitioners who want to set up digital platforms for women users.

“Syrian second wives”: Polygyny, gender relations, and the experiences of Syrian and Turkish women

Although banned in Turkey in 1926, the number of cases of polygyny has increased in the country as a result of forced migration from Syria. This patriarchal practice, which exposes women to violence before and during marriage, deepens gender inequality. This article seeks to better understand the experiences of women involved in polygynous marriages initiated by Turkish men, and to make gender-based violence visible. It relies on interviews with Turkish and Syrian women part of the same households located in three Turkish provinces bordering Syria. We found that both Turkish and Syrian women experience violence in polygyny, and that their different legal status and the validity of their marriages shape the experiences and demands of these two groups of women.

HIV/AIDS among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of The Current Practices and Status

Background: After HIV was discovered more than three decades ago, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is still disproportionately affected by the epidemic although, the region is only 11% of the global population. Women and young girls bear the HIV burdens due to the interconnectedness of structural, cultural, biological, behavioral, social, and economic vulnerabilities. Method: As part of the study’s methodologies, a desk review of the body of research was done, and materials that included HIV interventions of all kinds were included. Results: Significant advancements have been made in the fields of biological, behavioral, and structural interventions; nevertheless, the cultures and customs that upheld them—including norms firmly rooted in patriarchal practices—continued to pose a significant obstacle to lowering the prevalence of HIV among women and young girls in Sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusion: Context-specific intervention efforts should address the linked factors that contributed to the disproportionate number of HIV infections among women and young girls in Sub-Saharan Africa. The region’s culture, traditions, and structural interventions that address economic vulnerability and gender inequality laced with patriarchal practices are promising in reducing the risk of HIV infection among women.

Gender-Based Violence and Patriarchy: Nigeria’s Experience

Gender-based violence, which is mostly a physical, psychological, structural and/or cultural abuse of women by the male folk, has been a social malaise militating against women across Africa, and this is largely believed to be so because of the perceived complicity of Africa’s cultures which advertently or inadvertently favour patriarchy – a cultural belief and practice that places higher premiums on the male child over and above the female child. The recent upsurge in gender-based violence, particularly rape in Nigeria has raised serious concerns among scholars and concerned stakeholders as to whether the female folk have now become sub-human before the male folk. This paper, was therefore, aimed at interrogating the issue of violence against women, with a focus on exploring recent incidences of gender-based violence, particularly rape in Nigeria. Secondary sources of data (i.e. published articles, textbooks, the internet, etc.) were used. Findings revealed gender-based violence in Nigeria to be largely influenced by the age-long patriarchal practices. It was therefore, concluded that with a lack of severe punishment for the perpetrators of gender-based violence, coupled with a gross lack of cultural re-orientation to see women as having coordinate status as men, the issue of men-dominated gender-based violence will go on unabated in Nigeria. The paper equally offered germane recommendations.

Achieved or Deceived: A Postfeminist Critique on Weldon’sThe Life and Loves of She-Devil

The primary concern of postfeminist literature is the emancipation of modern women from the clutches of patriarchal characters in various literary works. Literary characters adopt multiple strategies to deal with submissive patriarchal practices in literary works. Ruth Patchett, the protagonist of The Life and Loves of a She-Devil by Fay Weldon, decides to transform herself physically and psychologically to avenge her patriarchal husband. This transformation resulted in her success at the end of the novel. The related literature on the novel appreciates Ruth’s transformation from an “ugly duckling” to a she-devil. However, this study explores the negation of Ruth’s self and her subjugation through the patriarchal ideals of femininity. Postfeminist literary theory has been used with the conceptual framework of The Beauty Myth by Naomi Wolf to draw the desired conclusion.

Co-Developing a Radical Mental Health Doula Model of Support

Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR) has the potential to create impactful research outcomes, challenge institutional hierarchies and disrupt conditions that oppress and marginalize women in the research process. This paper reflects on the application of FPAR as a methodology during the development of an innovative Radical Mental Health Doula (RMHD) framework and the accompanying training curriculum. Women and their experiences with mental health systems and services are at the centre of this project. Experts through their own experience, women co-researchers (WCRs) were instrumental in identifying problems and determining how to address gaps in what they recognized as an often cruel, fragmented and dehumanizing model of mental health care. The FPAR approach allowed us to question the roles of expert, researcher and subject. This enabled an exploration of how women’s voices and experience, which are traditionally silenced, can challenge hierarchical and patriarchal practices in mental health systems and research. Reflecting on the use of FPAR, through an analysis of data from consultation meetings with WCRs, we identified three key practices that led to the successful application of this methodology in the RMHD project. In this paper we highlight the voices of women co-researchers to examine 1. Relationship building, 2. Inquiry with women co-researchers and respect for lived experience, and 3. Holding space to share vulnerability and emotion in the FPAR process.

Teenager’s Resistance to Patriarchy in School: A Feminist Movement Representation on Moxie Film

PurposeThis research aimed to reveal the representation of patriarchy in school and teeanger's feminist movement on Moxie film. MethodThis qualitative research study employed a qualitative content analysis as the design of the research. The data from the film were selected, collected and analyzed using representation theory by Stuart Hall and feminism approach.Results/FindingsThe result showed that Moxie represented patriarchy in school by portraying female objectification, represive school regulation against female, patriarchy in student's reading material, male's achievement glorification, and supporting attitue towards patriarchal practices. Since the female students experienced various disadvantages, the film also represented their feminist movement through the publication of anonymous feminist magazine, the action of females speak up in the public, embracing lesbian identities, the action of visual protest symbolism and act of solidarity, the activism on social media, and the action of school vandalismConclusionThe female teenager in Rockport High School resisted patriarchy in school by representing different feminist movements based on their personal experience and understanding of patriarchal practices and feminism

“The Gilded Cage”: Oppression Experienced by Upper-Class Women in Novel The Widows of Malabar Hill (2018) by Sujata Massey

This analysis explores the issue of oppression towards women as a result of patriarchal practices, traditional traditions, gender roles, and social expectations in the novel The Widows of Malabar Hill (2018) by Sujata Massey. This is qualitative research that relies on text and applies feminist literary criticism to analyze the issue in the novel. This analysis aims to find out the forms of oppression experienced by the upper-class women in the novel. This research found that upper-class women experienced several forms of oppression including gender-based discrimination, gender-based marginalization, powerlessness, restricted access to formal education, restriction on property sales rights, being forbidden to work in public, limitation in freedom of mobility, cultural and religious practices, gender-based violence, and lack of legal rights. This research also indicates that even in the upper social classes, gender and patriarchal culture are the main causes of women's oppression. This oppression limits the opportunities that upper-class women have to develop their true potential.

Freeing Chinese Men on the María Luz: Gender and the Latin American Coolie Trade

AbstractThis essay analyzes a Japanese court’s criminal conviction of a Peruvian shipmaster for abusing Chinese contract workers and the subsequent release of all Chinese passengers except a lone girl. Using the case as a lens onto gender dynamics within the coolie trade to Latin America, I argue that overlapping patriarchal practices made Chinese contract labor overwhelming male and prioritized men in debates over freedom. The María Luz trials upheld women’s domestic sexual bondage while condemning men’s enslavement.

“Persons of the Sex are True Wonders”: Gabrielle Suchon on Difference and Political Wonders

Gabrielle Suchon’s Treatise on Ethics and Politics offers surprising descriptions of sexual difference for an ostensibly feminist work. Stereotypically feminine traits—such as excessive emotions, chattiness, and deception—are compared to earthquakes, storms, wildfire, and apparitions. Although these descriptions may seem off-putting to modern readers, I argue that in offering these unflattering descriptions of women, Suchon is making a novel intervention in debates about the nature of sexual difference. In the Renaissance and Early Modern period, the salient question about feminine difference was whether it was a preternatural deformity, and specifically a monstrosity. While most pro-woman authors argued that women were not preternatural, Suchon argues the affirmative, claiming that “persons of the sex are true wonders.” In doing so, Suchon presses on a tension at the heart of scholastic conceptions of women while also provoking an emotional response that might encourage men to reconsider whether patriarchal practices are truly to their advantage.

Reflexive meanings of global and local sports culture: Chinese female sports fandom in the context of glocalization

This article aims to explore the appreciation of transnational European football clubs by Chinese female sports fans and demonstrate the intersections between the global discourses of sport and the local patriarchal practices of Chinese society as they affect middle-class, educated Chinese women. By applying glocalization theories, feminization of sports fandom theories and qualitative research methods, the findings indicate that Chinese female sports fans construct reflexive meanings of global and local sports culture. The focus of this reflexivity centres on the confrontation of local nationalist patriarchy and its interplay with global neoliberal patriarchy, both of which Chinese female fans recognize as domains necessitating active resistance. Although the globalization of sports may marginalize women in sports fandom from the top down, Chinese women actively respond to and challenge the intersecting power structures by imbuing football culture with reflexive meanings.

Exploring the paradox of gender preferred leadership in Kenya: a GLOBE study on gender egalitarianism and women in leadership

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore gender gaps, values and practices in a Sub-Saharan African (SSA) country, specifically to identify gender inequality in Kenyan leadership and propose suggestions for advancing gender equity.Design/methodology/approachThis Kenya study replicated the research design of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness Project for gathering country data. It sampled middle and upper management in the commercial sector (finance and agriculture) and added the civic sectors of health care and education, using quantitative research (267 managers in over 100 organizations) and qualitative research design (30 interviewees from 23 organizations).FindingsGender had no apparent effect on leadership attributes nor on preferred modes of leadership. Statistical and thematic analysis revealed conflicting values and behaviours regarding gender equality and leadership. A high cultural dimension score on practices reflects a traditional leadership approach for male dominance, referred to as the Bwana Kubwa model. However, a high value score for gender equality reflects a more contemporary perspective, identified as the Inspirational Idealist. The gender gap presents a cultural paradox and a leadership constraint.Research limitations/implicationsThe Inspirational Idealist model advances African leadership theory as it identifies a preferred value-based paradigm of effective performance-based leadership. This is contrary to the prevalent patriarchal practices of the Bwana Kubwa (Big Boss) model, which reflects biased gendered preference.Practical implicationsMale and female leaders need to challenge the status quo and align leadership practices with the articulated cultural values expressed as an Inspirational Idealist model. It has considerable relevance to advancing African leadership theory and informing culturally relevant policies and contextualized practices focused on gender equity in leadership.Originality/valueThis research on practices and values pertaining to gender equality of Kenyan managers is the first in-depth managerial leadership study of any SSA country. It is unique in that it broadened the scope of study to include professional sectors, gender, age and ethnicity variables.

Business management and gender equity and equality practices: the case of the company Agroforestal Cafetalera Tercer Frente

Companies are accepting the challenge of incorporating women into the labor market under conditions of greater equity and equality. This requires the definition and implementation of access, training, and communication policies, among others. However, they face resistance from patriarchal practices and traditional gender roles that hinder women's performance. This study aimed to identify the opportunities and barriers for gender equity in the Agroforestry Coffee Company Tercer Frente, in order to propose practices that promote equitable relationships and improve business management. Through a participatory diagnosis of gender equity, gaps were identified and measures were proposed to promote equal treatment and opportunities, building towards gender equity and equality.

Feminism and Facebook: the possibility of political subjectivation experiences

ABSTRACT Facebook has become the stage for thousands of women to share content that incites actions of criticism and resistance against patriarchal practices and to transform their lives towards feminist political subjectivations. This research analyzes feminist publications on Facebook pages in Latin America related to two categories on which speeches and mandates of oppression have historically been built: body and sexuality. The research was carried out using qualitative content analysis, through several moments: defining conceptual categories, establishing categories of analysis, codifying and analyzing the contents that raise feminist criticisms and resistance in 71 feminist websites of Latin America, and interpreting the findings based on the possibility of inciting processes of feminist political subjectivation in women users. This research contributes to the production of knowledge about the dynamics of feminism in the digital age that has managed to build new ways to resist patriarchal discourses and offer possibilities for the exercise of women’s freedom both individually and collectively in Latin America.