Personal Information Of Patients Research Articles

Study on virtual tooth image generation utilizing CF-fill and Pix2pix for data augmentation.

Traditional dental prosthetics require a significant amount of work, labor, and time. To simplify the process, a method to convert teeth scan images, scanned using an intraoral scanner, into 3D images for design was developed. Furthermore, several studies have used deep learning to automate dental prosthetic processes. Tooth images are required to train deep learning models, but they are difficult to use in research because they contain personal patient information. Therefore, we propose a method for generating virtual tooth images using image-to-image translation (pix2pix) and contextual reconstruction fill (CR-Fill). Various virtual images can be generated using pix2pix, and the images are used as training images for CR-Fill to compare the real image with the virtual image to ensure that the teeth are well-shaped and meaningful. The experimental results demonstrate that the images generated by the proposed method are similar to actual images. In addition, only using virtual images as training data did not perform well; however, using both real and virtual images as training data yielded nearly identical results to using only real images as training data.

Digital Twins (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) for Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Ethical and Regulatory Aspects

Recent strides in artificial intelligence and machine learning have gained considerable attention in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease due to its ability to detect the disease at an early stage. Along with the advances in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and ML (Machine Learning) for the detection of AD (Alzheimer’s Disease), ethical considerations and regulatory aspects must also be meticulously addressed. This review covers the ethical questions that arise with the use of AI and ML in AD diagnosis. Privacy and protection of individual’s personal data, clinicians making their decisions based on AI, and unbiased and autonomy concerns like consent of the patient are covered here. Given their transformational nature, it remains entirely unclear how AI-driven methods for studying the human brain will impact normative instruments in research ethics and neuro-ethics, as well as fulfill appropriate criteria of scientific validity. Explainable AI and ML systems have been developed recently to avoid potential bias and unethical conduct. This article also discusses the type of potential personal patient information that could be exploited during the use of AI and ML-based algorithms.

Personalised app-based information for patients with breast cancer: A pilot study to assess the efficacy and usability of the Answers 4 Cancers app.

e13796 Background: While most Irish oncology patients (pts) report searching for information online, they encounter challenges finding accurate, illness-specific information and understanding the content. Irish oncology pts typically use international online resources due to limited dedicated Irish sources. Information from the clinic is often poorly retained, with up to 40-80% immediately forgotten. Following the development of a successful patient information podcast, Answers 4 Cancers, we launched an app providing personalised patient information to address this resource gap. To our knowledge, this is the first app for oncology pts incorporating individual patient onboarding by healthcare professionals to provide tailored patient-specific information. Supportive self-management with app-based information has been shown to save nursing hours, improving burden on resources, and is aligned with the goals of the Irish National Cancer Strategy 2017-2026. Aim: To assess the usability of our app and its efficacy in providing relevant and useful information to pts. Methods: Pts with early stage breast cancer receiving (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, with or without immunotherapy, at 2 Irish cancer centres, were enrolled in a pilot study. Pts downloaded the app and met with a specialist nurse who onboarded the pt and streamlined the information in the app based on their individual diagnosis and treatment plan. Information available on the app is curated from reliable sources and includes mental health and sexual wellbeing resources, clinical trials information, and personalised information on diagnosis, chemotherapy regimen, planned surgery and adjuvant treatments. Pts completed an online questionnaire, which included components of the System Usability Scale, ≥1 week following app download. Results: 13 pts were enrolled and received access to the app. All pts were female. The median age was 45 yrs. Median length of time from app download to questionnaire completion was 21 days. 7 pts (54%) completed questionnaires. 100% (7/7) of patients reported that they would like to use the app frequently, felt more confident in their treatment plan after using the app, and would recommend the app to other pts. 100% (7/7) of pts found the app easy to use and found all the information in the app relevant to their treatment plan. Recruitment is ongoing. Conclusions: This pilot study confirms that an app with a personalised platform is feasible and beneficial to Irish cancer pts and may be applicable to other health jurisdictions. We plan to progress our app as a national project to support the goals of the National Cancer Strategy and facilitate empowering pts to take an active role in their care. Next phases of development include symptom tracking and in-app communication between pts to develop support networks, and assessing the impact of the app on nursing time saved.

BIDS: Blockchain and Intrusion Detection System Coalition for Securing Internet of Medical Things Networks.

The benefits of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in providing seamless healthcare to the world are at the forefront of technological advancement. However, security concerns of any IoMT systems are high since they threaten to compromise personal information of patients and can even cause health hazards. Researchers are exploring the use of various techniques to ensure a high level of security of IoMT systems. One key concern is that the computing power of any Internet of Things (IoT) device is relatively low, hence mechanisms that require low computational power are appropriate for designing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). In this research work, a blockchain IDS coalition is proposed for securing IoMT networks and devices. The blockchain ledger is compact and uses less processing resources. Additionally, the ledger requires less communication overhead. The cryptographic hashes in the suggested architecture ensure complete data secrecy and integrity between parties who are trusted and those who are untrustworthy. Peer-to-peer networks in both central and cluster networks are also included in this work for complete decentralization. The proposed model can counter various attacks, including Denial of Service (DoS), anonymity attacks, impersonation attacks, Man-In-The-Middle (MITM), and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). The proposed method achieved an F1- score as high as 100% and reported an AUC value of over 99%.

The Security of Blockchain-based Electronic Health Record: A Systematic Review

The healthcare industry makes rampant strides in sharing electronic health records with upgraded efficiency and delivery. Electronic health records comprise personal and sensitive information of patients that are confidential. The current security mechanism in cloud computing to store and share electronic health records results in data breaches. In the recent era, blockchain is introduced in storing and accessing electronic health records. Blockchain is utilized for numerous applications in the healthcare industry, such as remote patient tracking, biomedical research, collaborative decision making and patient-centric data sharing with multiple healthcare providers. In all circumstances, blockchain guarantees immutability, data privacy, data integrity, transparency, interoperability, and user privacy that are strictly required to access electronic health records. This review paper provides a systematic study of the security of blockchain-based electronic health records. Moreover, based on thematic content analysis of various research literature, this paper provides open challenges in the blockchain-based electronic health record.

Emergency Medical Services in Taiwan: Past, Present, and Future.

This review assessed the development of Taiwan's emergency medical services (EMS) and focused on the optimizing initiatives of the EMS systems, the current state of Taiwan's EMS system, EMS benchmarks in different regions of Taiwan, EMS response during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and future design. In the past decade, there has been a noticeable increase in prehospital services, numerous optimizing initiatives to improve patient prognosis, and the medical oversight model. Taiwan's current EMS system, including the dispatch system, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patient management, time-sensitive critical illness in prehospital settings, and disaster response, has undergone significant improvements. These improvements have been demonstrated to have a measurable impact on patient outcomes, as supported by medical literature. Each region in Taiwan has developed a unique EMS system with local characteristics, such as the implementation of the Global Resuscitation Alliance 10 steps for OHCA-related quality control, hearing automated external defibrillator program, a five-level prehospital triage system, an island-hopping strategy for patients with major trauma, dispatcher-assisted teamwork for OHCA resuscitation, and optimized prehospital care for acute coronary syndrome patients. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2023, Taiwan's EMS implemented measures to combat the outbreak such as interagency collaboration to obtain patient's personal information, to optimize prehospital management initiatives, and to provide financial compensation and personal insurance for emergency medical technicians. The areas that need focus include integrating prehospital and in-hospital information to build a national-level database (One-Stop Emergency Management), increasing public awareness of first responders and emergency casualty care, and evolving the EMS system by incorporating private EMS system, initiating school-based education of paramedicine, and legally recognizing paramedics as medical and health care personnel. By improving these areas, we can better prepare for the future and ensure that Taiwan's EMS system continues to provide high-quality care to those in need.

Perlindungan Platform Halodoc Dalam Menjaga Kerahasiaan Data Pengguna

The purpose of this article is to investigate the methods used by the Halodoc platform in protecting user data during doctor consultations. To collect information, the author uses a literature review approach, collecting and examining various literature, books, scientific papers, as well as data from the media and other related sources. The findings show that Halodoc implements an oath-taking process for medical and non-medical staff to ensure the confidentiality of user data. even non-medical staff also take the oath as they are part of the Halodoc integrated health care unit which is responsible for the personal information and health status of patients in the hospital

Rifampin – Risperidone and Divalproex Drug-drug Interaction: A Case Report

Rifampin is a potent hepatic cytochrome enzyme inducer, promoting the metabolism of many drugs. Here, we describe a case wherein rifampin-induced drug interactions affected the clinical improvement of a patient on psychiatric drugs for bipolar disorder. He was administered divalproex, risperidone, quetiapine, and clonazepam, along with anti-tuberculosis drugs HERZ, containing 600 mg rifampin. Despite taking 900 mg/day divalproex, his serum valproate levels were below 2 μg/ml, and his manic symptom persisted. Therefore, the antipsychotic risperidone (5 mg) was replaced with olanzapine (20 mg). Following this, his manic symptoms improved rapidly. Rifampin is a potent CYP3A and CYP2D6 inducer and is known to significantly reduce serum risperidone levels. Thus, even a high dose of risperidone did not induce a significant clinical effect, which was observed immediately after replacing with olanzapine. Therefore, drug interactions may have had a significant effect on clinical outcomes. Clinicians should be cognizant of drug interactions when treating psychiatric patients on rifampin therapy. The case has been sufficiently revised to protect the patient's personal information.

Factors Affecting Kidney Functions in One-Year Follow-up After COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Patients

Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is more severe, and mortality is higher in kidney transplantation (KTx) patients; it is still unclear how renal functions progress and the conditions affecting renal functions in the post-COVID-19 period. We aimed to investigate the changes in kidney functions and the factors affecting this change after COVID-19.
 Material and Methods Forty-one kidney transplantation patients who were hospitalised for COVID-19 were included in this retrospective study. The patient's personal information, examination, and treatment information regarding their hospitalisation and follow-ups were obtained from the hospital system.
 Results Patients with elevated serum creatinine in the first year post-COVID had higher baseline proteinuria and systemic immune inflammation index (SII). Proteinuria increased more in patients with a long transplantation period, hypertension, high basal creatinine, and SII. Also, proteinuria was higher in patients who developed AKI during the COVID period. In addition, baseline SII was an independent predictor of the change in serum creatinine and proteinuria.
 Conclusions We found that patients with signs of increased inflammation, such as high SII were more fragile regarding renal functions. Therefore, the post-COVID-19 follow-up process of KTx patients with COVID-19 should be individualised.

Hybrid domain digital watermarking scheme based on improved differential evolution algorithm and singular value block embedding

AbstractThe internet and related technologies have promoted the development of medical and health fields, especially remote diagnosis. As medical images may be stolen in the transmission process, the patient's personal information could be leaked. Aiming at the problem of privacy disclosure of colour medical images, a hybrid domain watermarking scheme based on improved differential evolution (DE) and the singular value block embedding (SVBE) is proposed in this study. Through this scheme, the image containing the patient's information is hidden in the patient's medical carrier image as a watermark. First, redistributed invariant lifting wavelet transform (RILWT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) are used to process the colour medical carrier image, and the high‐frequency information in the integer wavelet domain of the watermark is embedded into the processed carrier image using the proposed singular value block embedding method based on the improved differential evolution algorithm. At the same time, to increase the security of the watermark scheme, a digital signature based on the SHA‐384 hash function is designed for verification before watermark extraction. Compared with recent related research, the scheme has strong invisibility and robustness.

494 A Qualitative Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators to Documentation in Community Pharmacy Electronic Patient Records in Ireland

Abstract Introduction An Electronic Patient Record (EPR) is a repository for medical and pharmaceutical information in Community Pharmacies. Studies have shown that almost three-quarters of EPRs have at least one discrepancy between information documented in the EPR and patient-reported information, while drug therapy alerts failed to appear for about one-third of patients due to a lack of documented medical and/or pharmaceutical data(1). More complete documentation in Community Pharmacy EPRs could improve the quality of patient care provided. To-date, there is limited research available concerning documentation in Community Pharmacy EPRs in Ireland. Aim The aim of this study was to identify the key barriers and facilitators to documentation in Community Pharmacy EPRs in Ireland. Methods Registered Community Pharmacists were invited to participate via email using convenience sampling. Participant Information Leaflet and Consent Forms were emailed to each community pharmacist at least 24 hours prior to each interview explaining why and how the research study was being carried out. Semi-structured interviews were carried out until theoretical saturation was reached. 11 interviews were conducted virtually through the UCC-approved Google Meet and two interviews took place by telephone. Finally, the audio recordings from interviews were transcribed verbatim and then analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis(2). Results A total of 13 Community Pharmacists were interviewed. The majority of participants were female (n=9), supervising pharmacists (n=8), and had greater than 10 years community pharmacy experience (n=8). All pharmacists document the basic personal and clinical patient information necessary for safe supply as advised by the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland (PSI), but most did not document additional information such as morbidities or over-the-counter medication. The key barriers identified were accessing information from Healthcare Professionals and patients, software limitations and time. The key facilitators identified were Standard Operating Procedures and a centralised Electronic Health Record system. Most pharmacists were willing to participate in a training program to enhance documentation practices. Conclusion This study highlighted the key barriers that need to be addressed to facilitate more complete documentation. A limitation is the potential for social desirability bias in participants in minimising the extent of negative documentation practices. Comprehensive interventions combining more guidance from the PSI, webinars on utilising the EPR, and software modifications could encourage practice change. Future research should evaluate the impact of these measures on documentation completeness in Community Pharmacy EPRs in Ireland.

ОКРЕМІ ПРОБЛЕМИ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СЕРВІСІВ В МЕДИЦИНІ У КОНТЕКСТІ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ В УКРАЇНІ

In times of war, fast and accurate exchange of medical information is crucial for the wounded and sick. However, incorrect or incomplete information can lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, including fatal outcomes. Therefore, ensuring the reliability and timely transmission of information between military hospitals, field support hospitals, and other medical facilities is essential, with data security being a paramount concern in the field of medicine. The use of information services in medicine during a state of war in Ukraine should be based on compliance with administrative and legal principles that ensure effective, prompt, and secure handling of medical information. In our view, administrative and legal principles play a crucial role in the use of information services in medicine. On the one hand, they guarantee the protection of patient confidentiality and privacy, and on the other hand, they significantly contribute to the development and innovation in the medical field. However, as evidenced by the analysis of a significant portion of scientific sources, the use of information services also faces its own challenges and risks. This article explores the importance of administrative and legal principles in the use of information services in medicine during a state of war in Ukraine. It examines the legal aspects of protecting the confidentiality and personal information of patients under these conditions, as well as the influence of international norms and standards on the administrative and legal regime. Additionally, potential reforms aimed at improving the healthcare delivery system in times of war through the use of information technologies are discussed. The article also addresses the facilitation of using information services to improve medical diagnostics and treatment through telemedicine. One of the key advantages of information services is their impact on the development of telemedicine. Telemedicine represents an innovative approach to providing medical care remotely. It involves the use of video conferencing, electronic exchange of medical data, and other information technologies to facilitate medical consultation and diagnosis. During times of war, telemedicine can prove exceptionally beneficial as it enables doctors to consult patients and provide recommendations even in combat zones and areas with limited access. It facilitates the rapid exchange of medical information, which is critical in situations where every second counts. Resolving legal aspects related to the confidentiality of medical data, licensing of medical professionals, and compliance with legislation is an essential part of the development of telemedicine. These aspects are crucial to ensuring the quality and safety of medical care in military conflicts and other emergency situations.

HEALTH DATA OWNERSHIP IN MALAYSIA PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HEALTHCARE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF HEALTH DATA PRIVACY IN THE AGE OF BIG DATA

Health data ownership in big data is a new legal issue. The problem stands between the public and private healthcare as the main proprietor of health data. In Malaysia, health data ownership is under government hospitals and private healthcare jurisdictions. Who owns the data will be responsible for safeguarding it, including its privacy. Various technical methods are applied to protect health data, such as aggregation and anonymization. The thing is, do these technical methods are still reliable to safeguard privacy in big data? In terms of legal protection, private healthcare is governed under Personal Data Protection Act 2010, while the same Act does not bind the government. With the advancement of big data, public and private healthcare are trying to extract values from health data by processing big data and its analytical outcomes. Considering that health data is sensitive due to its nature which contains personal information of individuals or patients, had raised an issue as to whether the proprietor could provide adequate legal protection of health data. Personal Data Protection Act 2010 is still applicable in giving protection for health data for private healthcare, but what are the laws governing health data privacy in public healthcare? This article aims to answer the questions by analyzing legal sources relevant to health data privacy in big data. We propose a regulatory guideline that follows the GDPR as a legal reference model to harmonize the public and private healthcare ownership of health data better to protect the privacy of individuals in big data.

ADHERENCE TO THE WHO GUIDELINES OF MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN 6 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS

To evaluate the management of severe acute malnutrition according to WHO guidelines in children. A prospective study was conducted at Paediatrics Department of Mother and Children Complex DHQ Hospital Sheikhupura from August 2021- August 2022. A total of 200 children with age range between 6 months and 5 years were included in the study. Personal information of patients was supposed to be recorded along with malnutrition classification, diagnostic signs, treatment and its outcomes according to the WHO guidelines. All the data was assessed by SPSS version 22. The staff did not record complete information such as family history, health condition of the child, and diagnostic signs. The weight for height Z score was calculated in all patients (100%). The classification of malnutrition was also not in adherence with WHO i.e seven types were recorded instead of two. Laboratory tests other than blood film , blood sugar and hemoglobin concentrations were not performed in any of the children. 82 (41%) children received intravenous dextrose. Rehydration solution for malnutrition was not administered to any of the children. Poor adherence to WHO guidelines regarding severe acute malnutrition was observed in children younger than 5.

Covid-19 Vaccination and the issue of insurance status

Abstract Issue It is estimated, that 11000 - 14000 people that live in Zurich do not have health insurance. For the vaccination against Covid-19 in Switzerland one had to register oneself on a website (Vacme) with your address and a Swiss health insurance number was required. This systematically excluded any people without insurance or Sans Papiers. Description To address this issue the city physician service Zurich organized a vaccination program for the uninsured from 14.06.2021 onward. To achieve this a code which could be used instead of the regular insurance number was organized and the staff recorded personal information of patients on site to remove language and technological barriers. Furthermore, the Police department was informed and agreed not to circulate the area of the vaccination service on vaccination days to minimize access-barriers for patients without legal residency. Results Between 14.06.2021 and 19.02.2022, 880 people came for vaccination of which 603 were clearly identifiable as individuals from vulnerable populations with no insurance. After initial organization, other vaccination centers in Switzerland were able to use the substitute number to vaccinate people without health insurance as well.. Lessons There is a sizeable amount of people living without registration or/and health insurance. It is therefore critical not to forget these people when organizing public health measures, especially when addressing a pandemic or other infectious diseases (HIV, Hep C). Non-insurance is a known issue for universal access to care. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the hold crew of the ambulatorium kanonengasse at SAD Key messages • When fighting a pandemic it is of utmost importance to reach as many people as possible. • Acess must be possible also for vulnernable people.

A robust encryption watermarking algorithm for medical images based on ridgelet-DCT and THM double chaos

With the help of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other technologies, the informatization and intelligence of the wisdom medical have been gradually realized. However, with the transmission and storage of massive amounts of medical images in the cloud, information security issues have become increasingly prominent. The privacy of patients is at risk of disclosure, theft and tampering, which has become an important challenge restricting the development of wisdom medical. How to protect the personal information of patients in the cloud environment has become an urgent problem to be solved. Medical image watermarking technology is an effective method to solve this problem. Combining the characteristics of Tent chaos and Henon chaos, this paper designed a Tent-Henon-Map double chaos watermarking encryption method and designed a medical image encryption watermarking algorithm based on ridgelet-DCT transform. The watermark images were encrypted by the Tent-Henon-Map double chaos which had the characteristics of sensitive initial values and large key space. Then, the feature vectors of the medical images were extracted through ridgelet-DCT transform. On the basis of ordinary watermarking technology, combined with zero watermarking, third-party concepts, and cryptographic technology, watermarking had a good ability to resist image processing attacks. The experimental results showed that the key space of the algorithm was {10}^{116}, which had better encryption and hard to crack. The time of watermark embedding and extraction were only 0.336 s and 0.439 s, with lower computational cost. And under high-strength conventional attacks and geometric attacks, the NC values of the algorithm were all greater than 0.55, which could effectively extract watermark information. It shown that the algorithm proposed had good robustness against conventional and geometric attacks It shown that the algorithm proposed had good robustness against conventional and geometric attacks, while taking into account the security.

A security scheme for distributing analysis codes supporting CDM-based research in a multi-center environment

Background: Although the common data model (CDM) has achieved a standardization of medical data and a de-identification of personal patient information, hospitals still store CDM data in an on-premises environment, making it difficult for researchers to access medical data.Objective: In this study, for easy access to CDM data in a multi-institutional participatory CDM research environment and to encourage data-driven research, researchers outside hospital networks securely access and analyze CDM data in the target medical center, analyze it, and respond to the results through a public network. We propose an automated security framework that operates on a public network, such as the Internet.Method: The proposed scheme allows authenticated researchers to securely deliver CDM data analysis codes to a medical institution distributed on the network. The institutional servers automatically execute authenticated codes and return the results to the researcher safely. For this purpose, we designed a scheme based on cryptography. The scheme operates on a group of servers consisting of an authentication process, a signing process, a ticket-granting process, a relaying process, and a data analysis process located at the hospital providing medical CDM data. The scheme consists of four phases for a secure medical data analysis in a distributed environment: authentication, code signing, ticket issuing, and distribution and return.Results: Although the CDM has de-identified patient privacy, the issue still needs to be carefully addressed. Therefore, we established four security objectives to verify that the proposed scheme can be operated safely and formally proved them using BAN logic.Conclusion: As a result of the proof using BAN logic, the proposed scheme was verified to achieve the proposed security goal. Although this scheme was designed solely for CDM, it can be applied to systems with similar environments and functional goals.

A Study on Mayfly Algorithm and Its Recent Developments

It is to define its relationship with the partners during the formation and registration process of S Company Is a legal document prepared and also refers to the minute of the angle corresponding to the MOA 360 minute mark. Each minute represents 1/60 of a degree, just like the minutes of an hour. When shooting, even a small angle can cause you to miss the mark, so it is important to adjust your MOA to a precise angle or fine for a minute. Stands for Memorandum of Association, which refers to articles of association. They help protect and build your business and help establish the company's identity, work ethic and goals. The MOA's first duty is to obtain the patient's personal information before proceeding with the medical journey. Once the MOA collects the patient's information, he will begin transferring the patient to the doctor's office. At this point, the doctor may begin to perform medical procedures. Memorandum of Association (MOA) with its partners defines a company relationship. Is a Memorandum of Association (MOA) To define its relationship with partners Formation of limited liability company And is a legal document prepared during the registration process. The Military Operation Area (MOA) is a Class A aircraft designated to distinguish or differentiate certain hazardous military operations from IFR traffic and to identify VFR traffic carrying these operations. A company is also involved in a business or industrial organization is In order to operate a law firm Created by a group of individuals. They vary between private and public companies. Both have different ownership structures, Terms and conditions include financial statement requirements. The document containing Rules governing the internal management of a company and the regulations are called the article of the association. Select the document type as the consolidation document and select the year the attachment was filed. Pay the fee and request a certified copy. Memorandum of Association (MoA) Memorandum of Association articles there are the following subcategories: This subdivision refers to the name of the company. Company name should not be synonymous with any existing company. Also, if it is a private company, the last word should be the private company.

Fuzzy Utility Matrix-Based Intelligent Decision-Making Model and Its Application to Diet Recommendation System for Metabolic Disorder Patients

In the present article an effort has been made to design and develop a diet recommendation system for Metabolic Disorders patients. The key feature of this system is to recommend a menu for dinner to maintain nutritional micros as per daily requirements.The proposed intelligent decision-making system is designed as per the following phases:Under the 1st Phase, we compute the requirement of calories as per the Patient's personal information (like sex, age, height, weight), physical activity, environmental situations, and food habits on a daily basis. Under the 2nd Phase, development of knowledge base as per Patient's foods habits information. 3rd Phase is based on designing the recommendation system for a dinner menu to maintain nutritional micros as per daily requirements. The results of the system have been validated by using the Degree of match algorithm and comments of Nutritional experts. This intelligent decision making system will help the ordinary people living in urban and rural areas, especially those not aware of the nutritional value concerned with their daily food items.

Data Confidentiality in Healthcare Monitoring Systems Based on Image Steganography to Improve the Exchange of Patient Information Using the Internet of Things.

Recently, with the availability of fast and reliable Internet, the distance between a patient and a doctor is becoming unimportant. Physicians will be able to request the medical images of their patients regardless of the geographical area. However, a lot of challenges face such successful implementation. To facilitate remote diagnosis, patient electronic medical record (EMR), including medical images, that originates in one system needs to be exchanged either within the same organization or across different organizations. Steganography is the practice of concealing a secret message inside a cover medium. In this paper, steganography will be used to embed the patient's personal information securely and imperceptibly in their medical images to enhance confidentiality in case of a distant diagnosis. The security of the medical data is improved to maintain confidentiality and integrity using IoT. The least significant bit of the approximate coefficient of integer wavelet transform is proposed. The distortion between the cover image and stego-image is obtained by measuring the mean square error and PSNR, and normalized cross-correlation is utilized to estimate the degree of closeness between the cover image and stego-image.