Patients In Department Of Neurology Research Articles

The application of cluster nursing to prevent bacterial pneumonia in stroke patients in neurology department

The research aims to explore the intervention effect of cluster nursing methods on bacterial pneumonia in stroke patients in neurology. A retrospective analysis is conducted on 120 patients diagnosed with stroke in the hospital from 2020 to 2022, who are diagnosed as stroke patients in the neurology department by doctors. 120 patients are randomly separated into a control group (CG) and a research group (RG) for the experiment, with 60 people in each group. The CG receive normal nursing; The RG adopt cluster nursing methods. Comparison have done in the general information, nursing satisfaction, physical improvement after intervention, and oral hygiene indicators of the 2 groups of patients, and the intervention effect of the 2 nursing methods on patients suffering from bacterial pneumonia is evaluated. When the time reached the 7th day, the nutritional risk screening scores of both groups were (9.53 ± 2.29) and (8.10 ± 2.12), respectively. The serum albumin levels were (36.46 ± 4.80) g/L and (34.16 ± 3.69) g/L, respectively. After simultaneous nursing intervention, there were P < .005 in respiratory rates in the 2nd and 4th months of intervention, as well as after the completion of nursing intervention. The respiratory rates of the RG patients improved toward a larger range of normal respiratory rates, with significant statistical significance (P < .005). As time passed, the number of people with shortness of breath in the CG increased sharply to 46, while those in the RG was only 27, indicating P < .05 between the 2 groups. At the beginning of the 3rd month, the satisfaction rates of the RG and the CG were (92.33 ± 1.17)% and (78.18 ± 1.07)%, respectively, and there was P < .0.05 between the 2 groups of data. The cluster nursing strategy has a significant relieving effect on bacterial pneumonia in stroke patients in the neurology department, which can effectively reduce the probability of pneumonia, improve their physical condition, and enhance their quality of life. It has certain clinical application value.

Initial Clinical and Radiological Manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Neurology Department in Gabes Hospital in Tunisia

Initial Clinical and Radiological Manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Neurology Department in Gabes Hospital in Tunisia

Nursing Intervention on Safety Medication of Hospitalized Patients in Neurology Department

Nursing Intervention on Safety Medication of Hospitalized Patients in Neurology Department

Study on Comprehensive Rehabilitation Treatment of Hemiplegic Patients in Neurology Department

Study on Comprehensive Rehabilitation Treatment of Hemiplegic Patients in Neurology Department

Exploring the degree of nicotine dependence and willingness to quit smoking in Chinese smoking patients with stroke: A cross-sectional survey.

Smoking is closely related to the occurrence of stroke. The degree of nicotine dependence and willingness to quit smoking are key factors that determine whether a smoker can successfully quit smoking. Few studies have been conducted on factors affecting the willingness to quit smoking among smokers who suffered from stroke.Although the smoking rate has declined, it is still the main changeable risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the current status of nicotine dependence and willingness to quit smoking among patients who suffered from stroke. We also clarified factors that affect the willingness to quit smoking among stroke patients and provide evidence for quitting smoking.Convenience sampling methods were used to conduct cross-sectional studies. A questionnaire survey was administered to 215 stroke patients who smoked. A general information questionnaire as well as patient smoking and cessation status questionnaire were used. Nicotine dependence test scale, smoking attitude factor score, and tobacco harm perception scale were applied for investigation. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors related to patients’ willingness to quit smoking.Statistically significant differences in willingness to quit smoking were found among stroke patients with different ages, household registration status, education levels, marital status, occupation, smoking attitude, and nicotine dependence (P < .05). About 34.4%, 39.1%, and 26.5% of smoking patients had low, moderate, and severe nicotine dependence, respectively. Logistic analysis showed that compared with other occupations, workers, retirees, farmers, and freelancers compared with other people (0.050, 0.081, 0.053, 0.048) had a negative impact on the willingness to quit smoking among stroke patients. Compared with positive attitudes, negative and neutral smoking attitudes (0.190, 0.048) had a negative impact on the willingness to quit smoking among stroke patients. Compared with high nicotine dependence, low and moderate nicotine dependence (4.628, 2.596) had a positive impact on willingness to quit smoking.Smoking patients in neurology department are more willing to quit smoking (67.9%). Factors such as occupation, smoking attitude, and nicotine dependence should be considered when establishing smoking cessation interventions for stroke smokers.

Clinical Observation and Discussion on Senile Vertigo Patients in Neurology Department

Clinical Observation and Discussion on Senile Vertigo Patients in Neurology Department

Effects of Predictive Nursing Intervention among Patients with Acute Stroke.

Background:To explore the effects of predictive nursing intervention among patients with acute stroke.Methods:One hundred and sixty participants were included. They were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of a third-level first-class hospital in Changsha, Hunan Province, from January to August 2019. They were categorized into control group and intervention group by random number table, with 80 patients in each group. General nursing for patients in Neurology Department was offered to the control group. On the basis of general nursing, predictive nursing intervention was offered to the intervention group. The effectiveness of predictive nursing intervention were evaluated by disparity in neurologic function, movement function, daily life ability and sleep quality before intervention and 2 weeks after intervention. The neurologic function, movement function, daily life ability and sleep quality were evaluated by National Institute of Health acute stroke scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer scale, Barthel indicator, and Pittsburgh sleep quality indicator (PSQI), respectively.Results:There was no significant difference in gender, age, complications and treatment methods between two groups. There was no significant difference in the scores of NIHSS, Fugl-Meyer scale, Barthel indicator, and PSQI before intervention. The scores of NIHSS and PSQI were significantly lower in the intervention group than those in the control group, and the scores of Fugl-Meyer scale and Barthel indicator were significantly higher in the intervention group than those in the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion:Predictive nursing intervention could help improve not only neurologic function, movement function, and daily life ability, but also sleep quality among patients with acute stroke.

Effect of Simvastatin in Serum Interleukin-6 Level in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Acute ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and causing permanent disability in adults worldwide. In acute ischemic stroke, IL-6 levels positively correlated to more severe neurological deficits, more extensive brain damage and worse prognoses. The use of statin was associated with milder initial stroke severity, better functional outcome and lower mortality. This clinically randomized controlled trial study was aimed to analyze the serum levels of IL 6 in acute ischemic stroke patients who treated with Simvastatin 20 mg compare to placebo. Samples were taken using consecutive sampling method from hospitalized acute ischemic stroke patients in Neurology Department of Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Surabaya and Airlangga University Hospital Surabayafrom August to November 2017. Total of 44 patients met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 22 patients in treatment group and 22 patients in control group.There were no significant difference in the characteristic of the patients in both groups (p&gt;0.05). Averages of serum IL-6 in the control and the treatment group are 38.594±74.313 and 17.760±25.253(p=0,438) while averages of serum IL-6 post in the control group and the treatment are 46.586±103.484 and 15.275±17.183 (p=0,589). There were no significant level escalation in pre and post of control group (p = 0.205) and also no significant level reduction in pre and post of treatment group (p = 0.411), while the average difference in the control group (-7.992 + 78.912 pg/ml) and in the treatment group (2.485 + 23.738 pg/ml).

Effect of Simvastatin in Serum Interleukin-6 Level in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Acute ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and causing permanent disability in adults worldwide. In acute ischemic stroke, IL-6 levels positively correlated to more severe neurological deficits, more extensive brain damage and worse prognoses. The use of statin was associated with milder initial stroke severity, better functional outcome and lower mortality. This clinically randomized controlled trial study was aimed to analyze the serum levels of IL 6 in acute ischemic stroke patients who treated with Simvastatin 20 mg compare to placebo. Samples were taken using consecutive sampling method from hospitalized acute ischemic stroke patients in Neurology Department of Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Surabaya and Airlangga University Hospital Surabaya from August to November 2017. Total of 44 patients met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 22 patients in treatment group and 22 patients in control group. There were no significant difference in the characteristic of the patients in both groups (p&gt;0.05). Averages of serum IL-6 in the control and the treatment group are 38.594±74.313 and 17.760±25.253 (p=0,438) while averages of serum IL-6 post in the control group and the treatment are 46.586±103.484 and 15.275±17.183 (p=0,589). There were no significant level escalation in pre and post of control group (p=0.205) and also no significant level reduction in pre and post of treatment group (p=0.411), while the average difference in the control group (-7.992 ± 78.912 pg/ml) and in the treatment group (2.485 ± 23.738 pg/ml).

Electrophysiological features of patients with subacute combined degeneration

Objective: To investigate the electrophysiological features of patients with subacute combined degeneration (SCD). Methods: The electrophysiological data of 85 hospitalized patients in Department of Neurology, First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2014 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Abnormality rate of motor nerve conduction (27.4%(93/339)) was lower than that of sensory nerve conduction (45.9%(107/233)) (P<0.001). Abnormality of sensory nerve action potential amplitude was more frequent than conduction velocity abnormality (22.7%(53/233) vs 4.7%(11/233), P=0.001). Abnormality rate of needle electromyogram (EMG) was higher in lower limbs than upper limbs (31.9%(59/185) vs 5.7%(5/87), P<0.001). Spontaneous potentials were unrelated to disease duration or severity. Abnormal somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) results appeared more frequent in lower limbs (80.8%(118/146)) than upper limbs (61.1%(77/126)) (P<0.001). SEP abnormalities (71.7%(195/272)) were more common than nerve conduction abnormalities (35.0%(200/572)). Abnormal findings presented in 15/16 of visual evoked potential (VEP) studies. Neurological severity score were correlated with electrophysiological findings. Conclusions: Posterior funiculus is more likely to be affected than peripheral nerves in SCD patients. The sensory nerves rather than motor nerves, lower limbs rather than upper limbs, axons of sensory nerves rather than myelin, are more severely affected. Electrophysiological tests can provide evidence in early diagnosis, lesions location, and disease severity evaluation for SCD.

Big data of clinical manifestations combined with neuroelectrophysiologic features in the early diagnosis of motor neuron disease

Motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of upper motor neurons (including the Betz cells of the motor cortex), and lower motor neuron, anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and brainstem nuclei. 5–10% in ALS is hereditary and sporadic, with an incidence of 2–3 per 100,000. ALS is a fatal disease. The average survival of patients is 3–5 years. So far, the pathogenesis of ALS has been unclear. Although there are many drugs in the trial, there is no reversible treatment for motor neurons that are already degenerating. Although more and more researchers are investing a lot of energy in research, the time for identifying this disease is still very long. In the diagnosis of ALS patients, in order to obtain appropriate treatment and care, it is great significance of the concept of “the earlier the better” to diagnose. The purpose of this study was to explore factors for possible early diagnosis and potential therapeutic agents by reviewing the literature and collecting case data and discuss their potential for improvement. We retrospectively analyzed ALS patients from 23427 patients in department of neurology in Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital between December 2006 and March 2017. The conclusion displayed that early neurological electrophysiological examination combined with clinical features can improve the diagnosis of ALS.

Study on the factors of depression and quality of life in patients with stroke

Objective To investigate the depression and quality of life of the patients with stroke in remission and analysis the influencing factors of quality of life, in order to provide a theoretical guidance for improving the quality of life among patients with stroke. Methods Selected 120 patients in neurology department in the second half of 2015 of No.2 People's Hospital of Wuxi who met the inclusion and exclusion, then the general data questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale( SDS) and WHOQOL-BREF were used to investigate the relationship between the influencing factors and quality of life. Results Depression score was(51.29±11.35)points and WHOQOL BREF scale physical health, psychological, social relationships, environment domain, overall quality of life and general health score were (13.42±1.34)points, (12.19±1.26)points, (13.29±2.71)points, (13.37±1.31)points, (2.94±0.57)points and(3.42±0.77) points respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of quality of life in patients with stroke were educational level, living conditions, income and depression. Conclusions Patients with stroke still need support from many aspects, such as themselves, family and social participants, in order to improve their quality of life. Key words: Stroke; Depression; Quality of life

Sprawność funkcjonalna pacjentów w podeszłym wieku hospitalizowanych w oddziałach neurologicznych

Wstęp. Sprawność funkcjonalna osób starszych może być określana jako zdolność do wykonywania normalnych codziennych życiowych zadań bezpiecznie i samodzielnie.Cel. Celem pracy było określenie sprawności funkcjonalnej pacjentów w podeszłym wieku hospitalizowanych w oddziałach neurologicznych.Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 113 pacjentów w podeszłym wieku przebywających w oddziałach neurologicznych szpitali na terenie miasta Lublina. Materiał badawczy zebrano za pomocą dwóch standaryzowanych narzędzi: skali Barthel i skali Katza (ADL).Wyniki. Dokonując oceny pacjentów skalą Barthel stwierdzono, że 38,00% to pacjenci w I kategorii, 52,20% znalazło się w kategorii II a 9,80% zakwalifikowano do kategorii III. W ocenie skalą ADL 68,10% badanych były to osoby sprawne, 12,40% osoby umiarkowanie sprawne i 19,50% były to osoby niesprawne.Wnioski. Badana grupa pacjentów starszych w oddziałach neurologicznych wykazywała umiarkowaną niesprawność funkcjonalną. Wiek istotnie różnicował sprawność funkcjonalną badanych pacjentów. Wykształcenie wpływało na stopień samodzielności pacjentów neurologicznych. (PNN 2017;6(3):102–106)

Analysis of EEG Complexity in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objective: Mild cognitive impairment patients and normal elderly people were selected in this research. EEG complexity (Lempel-Ziv Complexity, LZC) and P300 value of the two groups were compared in two statuses (quiet eyes closed, cognitive load), The brain functional characteristics of different cognitive states were explored, it was expected to construct a simple and objective cognitive function evaluation approach to provide criteria for early diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction and disease evaluation. Methods: The clinical data was from 50 MCI patients in Neurology department of the 8th People’s Hospital. 45 normal elderly people with corresponding sex, age and education level was chosen as control group. 5 minutes EEG signals were recorded and measured with P300 for both groups with quiet eyes closed and cognitive load states. Due to smooth baseline and inconspicuous artifacts, 2048-point EEG (about 8s) were selected to perform LZC analysis and complexity calculation in Mat tab. Results: 1. Normal elderly people showed higher LZC than MCI patients. Moreover, LZC was higher in those complex brain function areas such as temporal and frontal areas. 2. With the reduction of cognitive function, the value of EEG complexity was reduced accordingly. 3. The cognitive related brain areas showed more obvious degradation than other brain areas. 4. Under the cognitive load status, the complexity value in cognitive related brain areas of MCI patients decreased significantly. 5. The prolongation of P300 latency and LZC decrease of the MCI patients indicated that LZC could reflect the decrease of cognitive function. Discussion: In this study, P300 latencies of MCI group was delayed, we could deduce that because of the decline in brain function and brain areas of fibers connecting, the reduction in information processing performance could indicate that the delay of P300 latent period. These were identical with another study where the complexity of EEG is testified that. Based on these, we could infer, from the perspective of nonlinearity, EEG complexity reveals the changes of brain function in patients with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The brain electrical LZC value in normal elderly people group was higher than that in cognitive impairment group, those brain areas with more complex functions like frontal area and temporal area had highest LZC, which illustrated the degree distribution differences in complex brain regions. The prolonged latency of P300, these results of cognitive impairment in patients could also predict the degree of cognitive decline.

Evaluating the electrophysiological features of tremor in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor using accelerometry

Objective: To investigate the electrophysiological features of tremor intensity, frequency and frequency dispersion of Parkinsonian (PT group) and essential (ET group) tremors using accelerometry. Methods: The amplitude, frequency and frequency dispersion of rest tremor, postural tremor and the influence of weight on tremor of 35 PT patients and 40 ET patients in Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine from May 2015 to April 2016 were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Data of the more and less trembling hands were statistically elaborated. Results: In resting, postural and loading states, PT amplitudes of the less affected hand were smaller than the more affected one. The less affected hand were (147±32), (142±36), (157±40)μV, the more affected hand were (185±41), (164±29), (190±33)μV, respectively; ET amplitudes of the less affected hand were also smaller than the more affected one, and the less affected hand were (149±33), (157±33), (169±43)μV, the more affected hand were (176±39), (189±39), (213±36)μV, respectively; PT frequencies of the less affected hand were faster than the more affected one, with the less affected hand (6.1±1.1), (6.4±1.7), (6.5±2.0)Hz, the more affected hand (5.4±1.3), (5.5±1.1), (5.7±1.1)Hz, respectively, but ET frequencies of the less affected hand were similar to the more affected one, with the less affected hand (6.5±1.3), (7.0±1.2), (7.2±1.5)Hz, the more affected hand (7.0±1.0), (7.3±1.0), (7.6±1.1)Hz, respectively; in resting and postural states, PT frequency dispersions of the less affected hand were broader than the more affected one, the less affected hand were (2.1±0.6), (2.4±1.1)Hz, respectively; the more affected hand were (1.6±0.8), (1.7±0.9)Hz, respectively. But in loading state, PT frequency dispersions were similar in both sides (2.3±1.2, 2.2±1.1)Hz; In resting, postural and loading states, ET frequency dispersions were also similar in both two sides, the less affected hand were (2.0±1.1), (2.2±0.9), (1.9±1.0)Hz, the more affected hand were (1.8±0.6), (1.9±0.8), (2.1±0.7)Hz. Conclusions: Tremor intensity is significantly asymmetric both in PT and ET, while frequency and frequency dispersion are symmetric in ET but asymmetric in PT. Bilateral assessment of frequency related tremor parameters may be useful for differentiating ET from PT.

Design and effect assessment of incontinence structured skin care regimen for patients in Neurology Department

Objective To design Incontinence Structured Skin Care Regimen (ISSCR) for patients in Neurology Department, to observe the application effect of ISSCR. Methods A total of 108 patients with incontinence dermatitis hospitalized to Neurology Department in our hospital from July to December 2012 were selected as control group, and 96 patients hospitalized from January to June 2013 being chosen as experimental group. The patients in the control group received routine nursing, while the patients in the experimental group underwent ISSCR. We compared the incidence rate, recovery length and severity degree of incontinence dermatitis. Results The incidence rate of incontinence dermatitis was 22.92% in the experimental group, which was lower than 43.52% in the control group (χ2=8.75, P<0.05), while the recovery length of incontinence dermatitis was (4.42±1.17)d in the experimental group compared with (5.36±1.97)d in the control group (t=-2.40, P<0.05), and the severity degree showed the same trend (t=-5.14, P<0.01). Conclusions ISSCR standardizes the method of incontinence dermatitis nursing, and represents the content of skin care by nursing pathway. ISSCR contributes to the incidence rate, severity degree and recovery length of incontinence dermatitis. Key words: Incontinence; Incontinence-associated dermatitis; Structured skin care regimen

EPA-1025 - Integrative psychotherapy model of anxiety disorders

At the present time in Ukraine the special priority has the problem of anxiety and somatoform disorders. A prevalence of clinical anxiety and phenomena of somatization neurotic disturbances in general and necessity of differential diagnostics with somatic diseases were the precondition for studying this area. At the same time, in Ukrainethe diagnosis 'Vegetative-vascular dystonia' which is ciphered G 90.8, according to ICD-10 instead of 'Neurotic stress-induced and Somatoform disorders'F40-F48 is used. It leads unreasonable treatment significant contingents of neurotic patients in neurological departments. The 60 agoraphobia (F 40.0)patients, 40 panic disorder (PD) and 40 somatoform vegetative dysfunction of cardiovascular system integrative (SVDCS) (F45.30) patients were examined. The emotional disturbances of all thease patients were investigated with the clinicand pathopsychological methods. The high level of anxiety was shown. Pathopsychologically the high level of personality anxiety and low level of neurotism and depression were indentified. The system of psychotherapy correction was established, based on integrative principles, with the suggestive, cognitive-behavioral, autogenic training techniques correspondence. Our experience showed the necessity of the integrative models of psychotherapy provided, parted on stage. On the first stage - sedative-adapting the receptions of cognitive and suggestive psychotherapy are used. There is groupe therapy on second-main-stage. On the third stage-pesupportive elements of the autogenic training mastered. Clinical approbation integrative psychotherapy system shown the 82% high, 12%-middle, 6%- low efficacy.

Design and application of risk assessment table for predictive nursing in neurology and neurosurgery

Objective To discuss the application and effect of risk assessment table for predictive nursing in the safety management in neurology and neurosurgery department.Methods Within 4 hours after patients checking in Department of Neurology and neurosurgery,they needed to fill the risk assessment table for predictive nursing,which included fall and fall bed,burns and frostbite,pressure sores,catheter slip,lost,drug damage and suffocation.If any of these items was regarded as risky,corresponding preventive measures should be taken to prevent adverse events.Occurrence rate of adverse events was compared before and after the implementation of risk assessment table.Results Occurrence rate of adverse events reduced from 7.30％ to 1.94％ after the application of risk assessment table for predictive nursing,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =27.940,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Application of risk assessment table for predictive nursing can help ensure the nursing safety of patients in Department of Neurology and neurosurgery and reduce the occurrence of nursing adverse events. Key words: Department of neurology and neurosurgery; Nursing adverse event; Risk assessment table for predictive nursing

633 – Integrative psychotherapy model of anxiety disorders

At the present time in Ukraine the special priority has the problem of somatoform disorders. A prevalence of clinical somatization neurotic disturbances and necessity of differential diagnostics with somatic diseases were the precondition for studying this area. At the same time, in Ukraine the diagnosis “Vegetative-vascular dystonia” which is ciphered G 90.8, according to ICD-10 instead of “Somatoform disoders” F40.0-F48 is used. It leads unreasonable treatment significant contingents of neurotic patients in neurological departments. The 60 agoraphobia patients and 40 panic disorder (PD) patients were examined. The emotional disturbances of all thease patients were investigated with the clinic and pathopsychological methods. The high level of anxiety was shown. Pathopsychologically the high level of personality anxiety and low level of neurotism and depression were indentified. The system of psychotherapy correction was established, with high efficacy in 68% cases. On that ground has been developed complex differential system of medical- psychological and psychotherapy correction of agoraphobia, PD and somatoform disorders with the - 80% high efficasy. Our experience showed the necessity of the integrative models of psychotherapy provided, parted on stage. On the first stage - sedative-adapting the receptions of cognitive and suggestive psychotherapy are used. There is groupe therapy on second-main-stage. On the third stagetupesupportive elements of the autogenic training mastered.

Facilities of early rehabilitation after stroke in Poland 2010

The aim of this work was to survey the contemporary facilities for early poststroke rehabilitation in Poland. The main research questions were as follows: what is the availability of inpatient rehabilitation for poststroke patients in neurological departments and in rehabilitation departments? The growing costs of healthcare are encouraging healthcare planners to look for new organizational solutions of services that could enable rehabilitation as early as possible after disease onset. Early poststroke rehabilitation includes many elements that provide for early-onset rehabilitation and its continuation after discharge from the stroke unit. Two questionnaires evaluating neurorehabilitation of individuals who had stroke were designed and distributed: the first questionnaire was distributed to 221 neurological wards and the second questionnaire was distributed to 154 rehabilitation departments in Poland. We obtained information about delay before admission from neurological wards to rehabilitation departments, the number of sessions per day, the time duration of one session, the number of sessions per week, the average length of stay in department, the methods of outcome measurement, etc. We sent out 375 questionnaires and received 129 (35%) responses, 78 from neurological wards and 51 from rehabilitation departments. Only 25% of all patients were moved from neurological wards to the rehabilitation department after stroke (15% directly). Of those moved to rehabilitation departments, only 54% were treated early after stroke; that is, within 3 months of stroke. Considering that about half of stroke survivors will require rehabilitation (30 days after stroke onset), the current facilities of early poststroke rehabilitation in Poland cannot meet this need. We should do our best to introduce rehabilitation services such as early home-supported discharge after stroke, which is currently not available in Poland. Although we have focused on resources in Poland, we anticipate that similar patterns may be found in other countries in the region.