Blood Glucose Levels In Patients Research Articles

Assessment of Nurse’s Knowledge Regarding Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Laâyoune City, Morocco

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis represents a life-threatening complication of diabetes, standing as the foremost cause of mortality associated with the condition. The proficient management of patients suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis hinges upon the expertise and proficiency of nurses, who play a pivotal role in the comprehensive care and treatment of these individuals. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of nurses in the Department of Medicine and Intensive Care Unit at Moulay El Hassan Ben El Mehdi Hospital concerning the biological and clinical parameters, as well as the management protocols, for patients diagnosed with DKA. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to nurses working in both the Department of Medicine (n=8) and the Intensive Care Unit (n=10) at Moulay El Hassan Ben El Mehdi Hospital in Laâyoune. The questionnaire included variables covering demographic characteristics, clinical information, and biological parameters. Results: The majority of nurses (88.8%) demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding the definition of DKA, with most nurses in both departments displaying familiarity with the biological and clinical manifestations of the condition. In terms of management practices, all nurses reported utilizing saline solution or glucose serum based on the patient's blood glucose levels. Conclusion: The study suggests the implementation of standardized educational programs within intensive care units to enhance nurse staffing, improve the level of patient care, and elevate the quality of care delivered to this patient demographic.

Associations of Diabetes and Hyperglycaemia with Extent and Outcomes of Acute Burn Injuries.

Severe burns may induce hyperglycaemia in the absence of diabetes, but how glucose trajectories relate to burns outcomes is unclear. To assess incidence of hyperglycaemia following acute burn injury, and associations with diabetes history and length of stay (LOS). Retrospective cohort study of adults admitted with acute burns to tertiary centres. Blood glucose level (BGL), hyperglycaemic episodes (BGL ≥ 11.1 mmol/L) and hyperglycaemic days were recorded. Stress hyperglycaemia was defined as BGL ≥ 11.1 mmol/L without a diabetes history. A total of 30 participants had a diabetes history and 260 did not. Participants with known diabetes had higher mean BGLs (9.7 vs. 9.0 mmol/L, p < 0.001), more hyperglycaemic episodes (28.0 vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001) and hyperglycaemic days (51 vs. 21%, p < 0.001), compared to those without diabetes, despite smaller burns (total body surface area 1.0 vs. 14.8%, p < 0.001). Fourteen participants with stress hyperglycaemia had similar BGLs (at admission 10.3 vs. 11.5 mmol/L; during inpatient stay 9.9 vs. 9.8 mmol/L), more severe burns (15.6% vs. 1.0% TBSA) and longer LOS (18 vs. 7 days, p < 0.001) compared to participants with known diabetes. Extent of burns, having NGT nutrition, age, having inpatient BGL monitoring in the setting of diabetes, or having inpatient BGL monitoring in the absence of diabetes were associated with longer LOS. In participants with known diabetes, small burn injuries were associated with hyperglycaemia. Stress hyperglycaemia can be triggered by major burn injuries, with early and sustained elevation of BGLs. Further research is warranted to improve inpatient management of BGL in patients with acute burn injury.

Improving the Timing of Acute Care Insulin Delivery.

Variations in nursing practice were observed across our hospital, a 520-bed acute care teaching facility in the northeast United States, regarding the timing and frequency of insulin administration in adult patients with diabetes. Chart audits noted that RNs administered insulin more than one hour after blood glucose results were obtained 97% of the time. In addition, insulin was given at bedtime only 37% of the time. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to improve the care of inpatients requiring insulin by implementing protocols and adjusting practice to align with best practice recommendations. The clinical nurse education specialist met with a team of staff nurses, providers, nurse leaders, and patient care technicians (PCTs) to formulate protocols and design interventions to ensure improvements in the quality of care for inpatients with diabetes. A sequence of education sessions and an online learning module were developed and assigned to nurses and PCTs to address knowledge gaps, specifically in the pharmacodynamics and safe administration of insulin, as well as how best to provide care to patients with diabetes. Monthly adherence data were disseminated to nurse leaders and educators and reviewed with clinical staff at daily safety huddles and staff meetings. Additional interventions to enhance nursing practice in caring for patients with diabetes included ensuring both bedtime insulin administration and timely insulin delivery. This project began in May 2017 and ended five years later. Two weeks after initial education sessions began in May and June 2017, the frequency of giving bedtime insulin based on the order set and according to the patient's blood glucose levels rose from 37% to 82%, and adherence to best practice protocols continued until final chart audits were performed in May 2022. The frequency of giving insulin less than one hour after obtaining blood glucose results improved from 3% to 64% between October and December 2019, and increased to a sustained level above the project's 92% goal two years later. Protocol development, targeted education, and audits with feedback led to improved care delivery for patients requiring insulin and increased nursing confidence.

Glycemic variability: Measurement, target, impact on complications of diabetes and does it really matter?

Over the past two decades, there has been continuous advancement in the accuracy and complexity of continuous glucose monitoring devices. Continuous glucose monitoring provides valuable insights into blood glucose dynamics, and can record glucose fluctuations accurately and completely. Glycemic variability (GV) is a straightforward measure of the extent to which a patient's blood glucose levels fluctuate between high peaks and low nadirs. Many studies have investigated the relationship between GV and complications, primarily in the context of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the exact contribution of GV to the development of diabetes complications remains unclear. In this literature review, we aimed to summarize the existing evidence regarding the measurement, target level, pathophysiological mechanisms relating GV and tissue damage, and population-based studies of GV and diabetes complications. Additionally, we introduce novel methods for measuring GV, and discuss several unresolved issues of GV. In the future, more longitudinal studies and trials are required to confirm the exact role of GV in the development of diabetes complications.

Imaging in Type 1 Diabetes, Current Perspectives and Directions.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune-mediated attack of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to reliance on exogenous insulin to control a patient's blood glucose levels. As progress is being made in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and how to better develop therapies to treat it, there is an increasing need for monitoring technologies to quantify beta cell mass and function throughout T1D progression and beta cell replacement therapy. Molecular imaging techniques offer a possible solution through both radiologic and non-radiologic means including positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance imaging, and spatial omics. This commentary piece outlines the role of molecular imaging in T1D research and highlights the need for further applications of such methodologies in T1D.

Asupan karbohidrat, serat, dan vitamin D dengan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien rawat inap diabetes mellitus

The relationship between the blood glucose levels of diabetes mellitus patients and intake of carbohydrates, fiber, and vitamin DBackground: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease with a combination of symptoms that appear in a person due to an increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) above average values. Good intake by following the guidelines for persons with diabetes, a nutritious diet that contains carbs, fiber, and vitamin D can help keep blood glucose levels within acceptable ranges. Objective: This study aims to the relationship between the blood glucose levels of patients at RSI Siti Hajar Sidoarjo and their intake of carbohydrates, fiber, and vitamin D. Methods: The method in this study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach, the population in this study were DM patients who were hospitalized at RSI Siti Hajar Sidoarjo. The number of samples was estimated using the cross-sectional sample size calculation and the purposive sampling technique with 60 respondents. The patient's intake was measured using a 3x24 hour food recall questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The result showed that there was a relationship between carbohydrate intake and blood glucose levels (p=0.000) and fiber intake and blood glucose levels (p=0.003), but there was no significant relationship between vitamin D intake and blood glucose levels (p=1.00). Conclusion: Carbohydrate and fiber intake significantly correlated with the patient's blood glucose levels but not vitamin D intake.

Artificial pancreas control using optimized fuzzy logic based genetic algorithm

The aim of this paper is to develop an artificial pancreas that can automate the process of monitoring blood glucose levels and administering insulin to diabetic patients. The device incorporates a fuzzy controller that is optimized through a genetic algorithm and designed using MATLAB. The system comprises three key components: a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, an insulin pump, and the fuzzy controller. The CGM measures blood glucose levels in real-time, and the insulin pump administers insulin doses to maintain blood glucose levels within a specific range. The fuzzy controller adjusts the insulin delivery rate based on the patient's blood glucose levels and their target range. To enhance the system's performance, a genetic algorithm is used to fine-tune the parameters of the fuzzy controller, seeking the optimal set of parameters that minimize the difference between the patient's blood glucose levels and the desired target range. The system is implemented in MATLAB, and simulation results indicate its effectiveness in maintaining blood glucose levels within the desired target range, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. In summary, the proposed artificial pancreas system provides an effective automated solution for monitoring blood glucose levels and administering insulin to diabetic patients, with the fuzzy controller and genetic algorithm optimization enhancing the system's performance.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ADHERENCE TO A LOW-CARBOHYDRATE DIET AND DECREASED BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II AT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM HOSPITAL

Diabetes mellitus is one of the degenerative diseases suffered by many Indonesians who occupy the 6th highest number of sufferers in the world. Indonesia has the number of people with diabetes mellitus in 2017 as many as 10.3 million people and it is predicted that in 2045 this number will increase to 16.7 million people. If this cannot be handled properly, it will cause health problems for sufferers, including increasing the risk of complications. Compliance with a sufferer's diet is an important point to pay attention to in an effort to overcome the problem of diabetes. This compliance plays an important role in influencing the patient's blood glucose levels. Therefore researchers was interested in knowing the correlation between adherence to a low-carbohydrate diet and decreased blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type II at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital. The design of this study was carried out in an observational analytic manner with a cross-sectional method at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with a total sample of 35 people. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between adherence to a low-carbohydrate diet and decreased blood sugar levels in type II diabetes mellitus patients at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital. This can be seen from the p-value of 0.04 or p &lt;0.05.

Comparison between a Handheld Blood Glucometer and a Laboratory Analyzer for Measurement of Blood Glucose in BlueFronted-Amazons (Amazona aestiva) kept in a Zoo

Measuring blood glucose is a very important parameter to observe, as it is related to the age of the animals, stress levels, pathological, genetic, nutritional issues and endocrine and liver disorders. The portable glucometer and a laboratory glucose analyzer are the main methods chosen to assess blood glucose quickly and effectively. The main objectives of using a portable glucometer are practicality, precision, reduction of sample size and cost retention, as it is a cheaper method. The laboratory glycemic analyzer requires more blood volume to carry out the test, qualified labor to handle the samples and keep the device in good working order, as it is expensive equipment. However, laboratory analyzers are highly accurate and provide accurate measurements of the patient's blood glucose levels, being considered the gold standard for this type of exam. The study aims to evaluate the accuracy, reliability and practicality of both methods of monitoring animals' blood glucose levels. For this work, 31 blood samples were collected from adult birds of the Amazona aestiva species, weighing between 305 and 505 grams. The birds were subjected to inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane to remove 1 ml of blood, in order to compare the values obtained after measuring blood glucose using a portable glucometer and the laboratory analysis method. The results obtained differ between techniques as 30,15% of blood glucose is underestimated by the portable glucometer. Therefore, we conclude that the use of this portable glucometer is not suitable for measuring blood glucose in blue-fronted parrots (A. aestiva).

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Menggunakan Fuzzy Logic Tahani Untuk Penentuan Golongan Obat Sesuai Dengan Penyakit Diabetes

Abstract: Consuming foods and drinks that contain a lot of Glucose, allows the risk of developing Diabetes. Diabetes is a disorder of the metabolic system of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the body due to disturbances that occur in insulin secretion that cause a decrease in insulin performance. Please be aware that Diabetes can lead to death, blindness, heart disease and kidney failure. According to data from the International Diabetes Federation in 2019, Indonesia is ranked 7th, where 10.7% of the total population suffers from Diabetes. For this reason, we are interested in making fuzzy logic on determining drug classes in diabetes based on the patient's blood glucose levels. The purpose of this study is to prove that fuzzy logic can be a solution for classifying drugs in diabetic patients. We'll create a fuzzy Logic that uses The Hard Way graphic model on each variable membership function. For the fuzzy manufacturing process toolbox we used a Jupyter Notebook on anaconda Navigator.The limitation of the study is the use of doses on drugs. This research can contribute to the field of health.&#x0D; Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Intelligence, Diabetes, Jupyter Notebook, Tahani Method.

The Effect of Calisthenics on Hypoglycemic of Diabetic Patients.

Objective To analyze the effect of calisthenics on hypoglycemic in diabetic patients. Method From September 2019 to May 2020, 210 patients with type 2 diabetes who were newly diagnosed in our hospital were chosen. They were split into two groups: observation (n = 105) and control (n = 105). Only drug therapy and diet management were given to the control group, whereas the observation group was given calisthenics treatment in addition to regular diet control and medicine. The outcomes of the two groups of patient's blood glucose levels, BMI, quality of life, and blood lipid index were compared in this study. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c levels between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment, FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c were significantly reduced in both groups (P < 0.05). In addition, FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the BMI of the two groups was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the BMI of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). A comparison of the two groups' SF-36 scale scores before intervention revealed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). The observation group's SF-36 scores were substantially higher than the control group's after intervention (P < 0.05). After treatment, the TC and HDL-c levels in the observation group were not significantly different from those in the control group (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, TG and LDL-C levels were significantly decreased, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Based on routine nursing intervention, using calisthenics to treat blood sugar has a significant effect, it not only made the patient's self-care ability significantly improved, which was worthy of active promotion in clinical practice.

THE CLOZAPINE EFFECT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS, LEUKOCYTES AND PLATELETS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS IN THE MENTAL SERVICE UNIT OF BANYUMAS HOSPITAL

Schizophrenia is a disorder of strange and disordered thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate influences, and disorders of psychosocial functioning. One of the management of schizophrenia therapy is the administration of atypical antipsychotic drugs, namely clozapine. Clozapine is an antagonist of serotonin (5-HT2) and dopamine type 2 (D2) receptors. However, the risk of using clozapine provides a risk of side effects in the form of metabolic syndromes such as impaired blood glucose regulation and disorders of blood elements such as leukocytes and platelets. This study aims to determine the effect of using clozapine on blood glucose, leukocyte, and platelet levels in schizophrenia patients at Banyumas General Hospital. This research method was carried out by cross-sectional study in outpatient schizophrenia at Banyumas General Hospital who received clozapine therapy and had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, taken by consecutive sampling, then examined blood glucose levels, leukocyte counts, and platelet counts before and after giving clozapine therapy. Samples were taken on day 1 and day 10 of drug use. Paired t-test statistical analysis was used to see the effect of using clozapine on glucose, leucocyte, and platelet levels. In the T-test, it was found that there was a relationship between the use of clozapine on the patient's blood glucose levels, the use of clozapine did not have a significant effect on the increase in leukocyte levels and there was also a relationship between the use of clozapine and the patient's platelet levels. The results showed that the patient had an increase in blood glucose levels by a percentage (100%), the patient had leukopenia by a percentage (63.5%), the patient had thrombocytopenia by a percentage (75%), while the other patients had thrombocytosis. Patients with hyperglycemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia were those who used clozapine&gt; 12 months

THE CLOZAPINE EFFECT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS, LEUKOCYTES AND PLATELETS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS IN THE MENTAL SERVICE UNIT OF BANYUMAS HOSPITAL

Schizophrenia is a disorder of strange and disordered thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate influences, and disorders of psychosocial functioning. One of the management of schizophrenia therapy is the administration of atypical antipsychotic drugs, namely clozapine. Clozapine is an antagonist of serotonin (5-HT2) and dopamine type 2 (D2) receptors. However, the risk of using clozapine provides a risk of side effects in the form of metabolic syndromes such as impaired blood glucose regulation and disorders of blood elements such as leukocytes and platelets. This study aims to determine the effect of using clozapine on blood glucose, leukocyte, and platelet levels in schizophrenia patients at Banyumas General Hospital. This research method was carried out by cross-sectional study in outpatient schizophrenia at Banyumas General Hospital who received clozapine therapy and had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, taken by consecutive sampling, then examined blood glucose levels, leukocyte counts, and platelet counts before and after giving clozapine therapy. Samples were taken on day 1 and day 10 of drug use. Paired t-test statistical analysis was used to see the effect of using clozapine on glucose, leucocyte, and platelet levels. In the T-test, it was found that there was a relationship between the use of clozapine on the patient's blood glucose levels, the use of clozapine did not have a significant effect on the increase in leukocyte levels and there was also a relationship between the use of clozapine and the patient's platelet levels. The results showed that the patient had an increase in blood glucose levels by a percentage (100%), the patient had leukopenia by a percentage (63.5%), the patient had thrombocytopenia by a percentage (75%), while the other patients had thrombocytosis. Patients with hyperglycemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia were those who used clozapine&gt; 12 months

611-P: Users with High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes Experience a Change in Blood Glucose Levels Using Digital Therapeutic Platform

Introduction: Digital therapeutic platforms are often used to assist users in maintaining target blood glucose levels and to prevent diabetes complications. Digital engagement can play a central role in supporting behavioral changes to manage diabetes. Such platforms allow evaluation of patient's blood glucose levels in real time and intervene based on actual behavioral and clinical indicators. The study examines the ratios of blood glucose levels over time based on real world data in one such platform. Method: A retrospective data evaluation study was performed on the DarioTM data base. A population (“high-risk users”) of all users with type 2 diabetes activated during 2017-2020 who took measurements with Dario in the first 2 months and who started with an average blood glucose above 180 mg/dL was evaluated. The ratios assessed were target range (70-180 mg/dL) and high blood glucose (&amp;gt;180 mg/dL) readings over a year. Socioeconomic status was matched by applying zip code data to census.gov data. Results: For 11,101 users, the average ratio of target range readings (70-180 mg/dL) was significantly increased from 28.4% to 54.8% (P&amp;lt;0.001). Average high events ratio (&amp;gt;180 mg/dL) was significantly reduced from 71.3% to 44.4% over a full year usage (P&amp;lt;0.001). The change appeared in the earliest months and was maintained over a year. Average number of days between measurements, i.e., “recency” was 3.3 days. A subset of Spanish language app users (N=169) was also evaluated, and comparable trends were observed. Matching Census.gov data on study population showed that 20% of users resided in low income zip codes, 70% in middle and 10% in upper income zip codes. Conclusion: Digital therapeutic platforms may promote behavior modification in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes to create sustainable outcomes. The study revealed that the digital diabetes platform has the potential to enhance self-care behaviors across socioeconomic statuses and among different language speakers. Disclosure Y. Hershcovitz: Employee; Self; DarioHealth. S. Dar: Employee; Self; DarioHealth. O. Manejwala: Employee; Self; DarioHealth, Stock/Shareholder; Self; DarioHealth. D. Bacher: Employee; Self; DarioHealth.

Twenty minutes of gastro-hepatic pack reduces blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot single group pre-post study

BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries like India. The gastro-hepatic pack (GHP) is one of the most commonly used hydrotherapeutic treatments traditionally used in management of diabetes. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence examining what precise effect on blood glucose levels (BGL) this treatment may have. The present study examines the effect of GHP on BGL in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methodsEight T2DM patients aged 51.25 ± 5.44 years were recruited. A single group repeated measures design was used to examine the effect of GHP on BGL. All subjects underwent a single session of GHP for 20 min. Random BGL was assessed before, during and after (immediate, 15 min and 30 min) the intervention, using a continuous glucose monitoring sensor. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures of analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis and Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons with the use of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), version 16. ResultsResults of the study showed a significant reduction in BGL, immediately (p = 0.013) and 15 min (p = 0.006) after GHP application compared to the baseline value. ConclusionResults of the study suggest that 20 min of GHP could be considered as a useful complementary therapy in management of BGL in patients with T2DM.

Efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance: Protocol for a systematic review.

Background:The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing year by year, and various complications can endanger the lives of patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of DM, most of which is associated with insulin resistance (IR), and IR has been shown to be closely related to the onset of T2DM and the presence of DM complications. Berberine (BBR) has been shown to improve T2DM with IR in a number of ways. In this study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BBR in the treatment of T2DM with IR to provide the newest evidence for clinical use.Methods and analysis:Literature research will be divided into 2 parts: electronic search and manual search. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, the China Science and Technology Journal database, and the Wanfang database online. We will select the eligible studies published up to June 30, 2019. Dissertations, conference papers, ongoing trials, internal reports, etc., are searched by manual search methods. We use Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) as the primary outcome of T2DM with IR, and we will also focus on the patient's blood glucose levels and all adverse reactions that occur during medication.Two reviewers will read the articles, extract the data information, and assess the risk of bias independently. Data analysis will use the software such as RevMan 5.3.5, ENDNOTE X7, and STATA 13.0.Results:This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence of BBR for T2DM with IR from several aspects including HOMA-IR, blood glucose levels, and adverse events.Conclusion:This systematic review will provide evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of BBR in the treatment of T2DM with IR.Ethics and dissemination:Because all of the data used in this systematic review has been published, ethical approval is not required.Trial registration number:PROSPERO CRD42019123225.

STUDI PENGETAHUAN, DIET, AKTIFITAS FISIK, MINUM OBAT DAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 SEBELUM DAN SETELAH PENDAMPINGAN GIZI DI PUSKESMAS RIJALI KOTA AMBON TAHUN 2012

Diabetes mellitus has become the world's health problems. The prevalence and incidence of these diseases has increased drastically in the newly industrialized countries and developing countries, including Indonesia's. This research is an experimental research by approach nonrandomized one group pre and posttest design which is to see the difference knowledge, diet, physical activity, medication and the patient's blood glucose levels diabetes mellitus before and after accompaniment nutrition in Puskesmas Rijali Ambon. The population of this research is all patients diabetes mellitus, sampling is done by using the technique of purposive sampling with the total sample as many as 26 people. The result showed that after the accompaniment of nutrition increase knowledge 42,3%, compliance intake of energy 23,1%, compliance intake of proteins 23.1%, compliance fat intake 38.5%, compliance intake of carbohydrates 3.9%, compliance physical activity 30,8%, compliance medication 30,8% and blood glucose levels are 42,3%. Attesting four main pillars handling DM use the model of nutritional accompaniment give a flanking control blood sugar of 70%. Of the results obtained, can be concluded that the educational model counselling of nutrition is very influential to increase knowledge and compliance respondents against the diet, physical activity, medication and blood glucose levels.&#x0D; Keywords: Blood glucose levels, diet, knowledge, diet, medication, physical activity

Data-Driven Robust Control for a Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas

We present a fully closed-loop design for an artificial pancreas (AP) that regulates the delivery of insulin for the control of Type I diabetes. Our AP controller operates in a fully automated fashion, without requiring any manual interaction with the patient (e.g., in the form of meal announcements). A major obstacle to achieving closed-loop insulin control are the "unknown disturbances" related to various aspects of a patient's daily behavior, especially meals and physical activity. Such disturbances can significantly affect the patient's blood glucose levels. To handle such uncertainties, we present a data-driven, robust, model-predictive control framework in which we capture a wide range of individual meal and exercise patterns using uncertainty sets learned from historical data. These uncertainty sets are then used in the insulin controller to achieve automated, precise, and personalized insulin therapy. We provide an extensive in silico evaluation of our robust AP design, demonstrating the potential of the approach. In particular, without the benefit of explicit meal announcements, our approach can regulate glucose levels for large clusters of meal profiles learned from population-wide survey data and cohorts of virtual patients, even in the presence of high carbohydrate disturbances.

Efektivitas Relaksasi Progresif dalam Mengurangi Gejala Depresi Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia shows an increase from 1.1% in 2007 to 2.1% in 2013, with the most cases being Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. DM is a chronic disease that cannot be cured but can be controlled by healthy lifestyle and medicine. DM patients who cannot control their blood sugar levels, they will experience acute and chronic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy, causing the patient to undergo hospital treatment for the management of blood sugar levels and complaints arising from the accompanying illness. This situation makes the patient stress and depression which will aggravate the disease. This study was to measure the effectiveness of progressive relaxation interventions on depressive symptoms of DMT-2 patients. The study design used Quasi-Experimental two groups pre and post-test design, with 61 samples consisting of 31 intervention groups and 30 control groups. The intervention group was given guidance and progressive relaxation exercises 2 times a day for 3 consecutive days with a duration of 30 minutes each exercise. The results showed that progressive relaxation interventions in DMT-2 patients reduced depression scores by -11,368 units significantly (p=0.001). Variable that makes it difficult to reduce depression symptoms were blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels were increasing depression scores by 0.012 units. The conclusion was a progressive relaxation intervention effectively reduce depression scores of DMT-2 patients. Controlling the patient's blood glucose levels is important in improving the effectiveness of progressive relaxation interventions to reduce depressive symptoms of DMT-2 patients.

Study of Diabetic Mellitus and Knowledge of Lotion Foot Care on the Community

The prevention of Diabetic Mellitus (DM) and its complications is the main aim of this study, in addition to the training of lotion foot care application and the development of small scale industry. The research team delivered knowledge in the form of training on Diabetic Mellitus, healthy food, treatment and prevention of complications, and small-scale production of cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between training on diabetic and lotion foot care application as preventive measures against diabetic complications on the patient's blood glucose levels in the community of residents in Banyuurip Jaya, Surabaya. It was expected from this training that the knowledge of the residents increases and people living with diabetic undergo lifestyle changes and therefore blood sugar levels can be controlled. The parameters measured in this research were blood glucose levels, the anti diabetic drug types consumed, and compliance on diabetics. This study used the data taken from 60 patients with DM over a period of one month. Questionnaires and log books was used to retrieve data and changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The results showed the demographic data of patients with type 2 diabetic of 85% female and 15% male, with the range of patients aged of 61-70 years of 46.67% and had history of diabetic (90%). The history of drugs consumed by respondents was anti diabetic drugs such as metformin (40%), glimepiride (33.37%) and insulin (6.67%). In addition, the increased knowledge of DM patients after being given the training compared to before training was shown in several questions in the questionnaire. A statistical analysis using t-test analyzed a correlation between training provided in order to enhance understanding of the patient, as well as correlation with blood glucose levels. A paired T-test showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge of trainees before and after training (p less than 0.05). An interesting result was that there was no relationship between blood glucose levels before and after training provided (p&gt; 0.05).