Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale Research Articles

Attitudes toward Patient-Centred Care, Empathy, and Assertiveness among Students in Rehabilitation Areas: A Longitudinal Study.

This study assessed attitudes toward patient-centred care, empathy, assertiveness, and subjective perception of communication skills and technical knowledge among Portuguese undergraduate students in healthcare. These students may develop rehabilitation activities with patients in their person-oriented or technique-oriented professions. Portuguese nursing and allied health students from two public higher education schools completed questionnaires in the first and third academic years: Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, Scale for Interpersonal Behaviour, and a subjective perception of technical knowledge and communication skills. A total of 183 students completed the surveys. In the first year, students showed moderate to high scores on patient-centredness attitudes, empathy, and assertiveness and perceived themselves as having good communication skills. Students from person-oriented programmes significantly improved their Total and shared patient-centred attitudes in the third year compared with students attending technique-oriented professions. Significant differences in empathy were found between groups in the third year. Distress associated with assertive behaviours increased significantly across time in students from technique-oriented programmes compared with their peers in person-oriented programmes. The results suggest that the health profession's orientation and the programmes' specific curriculum might have a role in how some dimensions evolved in the two groups of students. The increasing assertiveness-related discomfort highlighted the importance of assessing and monitoring students' emotional wellbeing during their initial interactions with patients.

Medical students’ attitude toward patient-centeredness: A longitudinal study

ObjectivesThis study explored the trajectories of patient-centered orientation in a sample of Italian medical students throughout medical school. MethodsFour consecutive student cohorts were longitudinally assessed at the second (T0) and fifth year (T1) of medical school. Students completed a questionnaire including demographics and the Italian validated version of the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale. Results352 students completed both administrations. Students became more patient-centered in terms of Sharing along the course of their clinical curriculum, whereas there were no significant changes in Caring. Groups with distinct developmental trajectory patterns of both Caring and Sharing were identified. Students high in patient-centeredness at T0 reported significantly lower scores at T1 while students with lower scores at T0 significantly increased from the first to the last measurement. Female students significantly outscored their male colleagues on Caring and Sharing in both administrations. ConclusionsFindings call for innovative education strategies to sustain patient-centeredness attitudes in medical students entering hospital-based clinical medicine. Further research is needed to identify characteristics of the medical curriculum that are primarily involved in fostering students’ patient-centeredness. Practice ImplicationsIncluding the assessment and monitoring of patient-centeredness throughout the medical school can inform tailored education aiming to foster this dimension.

Core Competencies Self-Assessment and Patient-Practitioner Orientation during the First Year of a Brazilian Orthopedic Residency.

Objective Training a competent physician requires to direct the resident profile of graduate students for practice activities. We sought to identify the doctor-patient relationship orientation and the self-assessment of the core competencies, which they pointed out needed to be developed. Methods All 56 orthopedic residents admitted between 2016 and 2019 participated in the present prospective observational study. The Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and a self-assessment questionnaire were answered at the beginning and end of the first year of residency (R1) in Orthopedics and Traumatology. We calculated mean and standard deviation for PPOS items and scores and analyzed them through the paired t-test. Self-Assessment Questionnaire answer options were "yes" or "I need to improve it" and skills were classified in decreasing order of the frequency of "I need to improve it" responses with description of absolute number and percentage. We compared frequencies using Fisher Test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) were used for statistical analysis. Results In the period between the beginning and the end of R1, the total PPOS mean score significantly decreased from 4.63 to 4.50 ( p = 0.024), more biomedical-focused. Around one-third of the residents identified competencies of patient care, practice-based learning and improvement, and interpersonal and communication skills as needed to improve. Conclusions The PPOS and self-assessment activities could promote reflection practices and are possible tools for learner-centered competency assessment. Biomedical guidance tends to prevail as the training of physicians progresses, and periodic self-assessments can be worked on to build a growth mindset.

Health humanities in nursing training: A multiple case experiment at undergraduate level

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a health humanities seminar with a group of fourth year undergraduate nursing students. Thirteen participants analyzed stills and excepts from fictional narrative films which focused on the nurse-patient relationship using strategies derived from narrative medicine, and psychology of cinema. Alterations in participants’ attitude of patient-centered care, using the PPOS (Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale), and thematic content analysis of responses to an open question on the nurse's ideal interaction with the patient were evaluated. Results suggest that the seminar increased an attitude of patient-centered care in some of the participants, pointing to the potential of introducing health humanities training in nursing higher education, along with the need to consider personal and contextual characteristics that might mediate its impact.

Patient-centred care attitudes and knowledge: a national study of BDS students in New Zealand

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and knowledge towards patient-centred care among Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students in New Zealand.MethodThe study was a mixed methods cross-sectional national study of the BDS students in New Zealand. All 2021 BDS students at the New Zealand’s National Centre for Dentistry, New Zealand, were recruited in the study. The Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) questionnaire was used to evaluate the dental students’ attitudes and knowledge of patient centred care. The students’ perspectives on the BDS curriculum regarding patient-centred care were also collected. ANOVA and the Student’s T-test were used to compare the difference among the BDS years, gender, and background.ResultsA total of N = 277 (277/346; 80% response rate) students completed the study. Female students had higher scores than male students for sharing (difference = 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.34, P = 0.01), caring (difference = 0.15, 95% CI 0.01–0.29, P = 0.03) and PPOS (difference = 0.17, 95% CI 0.05–0.30, P < 0.01). Domestic students had higher scores than international students for caring (difference = 0.35, 95% CI 0.21–0.50, P < 0.01) and PPOS (difference = 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.35, P < 0.01). Three main themes of patient-centred care were extracted from the qualitative analysis of students’ perspectives: (1) Understanding of the concept of patient-centred care, (2) Perception of the importance of patient-centred care in dentistry, and (3) Perspective on the curriculum about patient-centred care.ConclusionMost dental students favoured a patient-centred approach. According to dental students, the patient-centred care component of their education should be increased.

Attitudes of medical students in Khartoum, Sudan towards the doctor-patient relationship: a cross-sectional study.

The doctor-patient relationship is essential to the delivery of high-quality medical care. A strong doctor-patient relationship that improves patient outcomes and satisfaction depends on effective communication. The purpose of this study was to assess medical students' attitudes toward the doctor-patient relationship during their clinical years at the University of Khartoum. We also looked at how gender and study year affected patient-centeredness. The study was conducted on medical students in their clinical years from December 2020 to March 2021. Students were selected from years 3 to 6. A total of 353 medical students constituted the study sample. The cross-sectional study utilized the Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) for the measurement of student attitudes towards the doctor-patient relationship. PPOS scores are calculated as a mean score that ranges from 1 (indicating doctor or disease-centered inclinations) to 6 (indicating patient-centered or egalitarian inclinations). Medical students' demographic data was collected, including their gender, age and study year. A total of 313 students completed the survey (response rate: 89%). The average total PPOS score and the scores for the caring and sharing subscales for the entire cohort were 4.08 ± 0.53, 4.43 ± 0.58, and 3.72 ± 0.72, respectively. Female gender was significantly associated with more patient-centered attitudes (p<0.001). When compared to the start of their clinical curriculum, students' attitudes were significantly more patient-centered by the conclusion of their studies (p<0.001). A satisfactory level of patient-centeredness was demonstrated by medical students at the University of Khartoum, and gender had an impact on this quality. Additional consideration should be given to the finding that students' orientations were more patient-centered in the caring dimension and less so in the sharing one. Once addressed, improvements in that area could create an environment that enhances attitudes among students in the sharing domain, with great potential gains to patients.

Person-centered care: preferences and predictors in speech-language pathology and audiology practitioners.

Increasingly person-centered care (PCC) is being recognized as an important aspect of speech-language pathology and audiology (SLP/A) service delivery. This study aimed to (i) identify preferences toward PCC; (ii) determine predictors of these preferences; and (iii) describe the understanding and views of PCC among SLP/A in South Africa. A mixed-method design was followed utilizing an online survey and four focus group discussions. The survey included demographic questions, the modified Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (mPPOS), the Ten-Item-Personality-Inventory (TIPI) and an open-ended question. The focus group discussions included prompting questions which facilitated an open-ended discussion. A total of 91 practitioners (39.6% speech-language pathologists) completed the online survey, with nine (44.4% audiologists) participating in the focus group discussions. A high preference toward PCC was noted, with a total mean mPPOS score of 4.6 (0.6 SD). Quantile regression analysis revealed four predictors (age, home language, sector, and personality trait openness) associated with PCC preferences. Three main categories emerged from the open-ended question and focus group discussions: (i) Positive experiences with PCC; (ii) restrictions toward PCC, and (iii) PCC exposure. Positive (age and personality trait openness) and negative (home language and sector of employment) predictors toward PCC exist among speech-language pathologists and audiologists, with an overall general preference toward PCC. Practitioners experience facilitators and barriers toward implementing PCC including the extent of personal experiences, available resources and tools as well as workplace culture. These aspects require further investigation.

Factors affecting physicians’ attitudes towards patient-centred care: a cross-sectional survey in Beijing

ObjectivesPatient-centred care has been raised as an important component in providing high-quality healthcare services. This research aims to measure physicians’ attitudes towards patient-centred care in Chinese healthcare settings and to...

Person centered care: preference, experience and predictors in speech-language pathology and audiology students

ABSTRACT Person-centeredness is an important aspect of healthcare service delivery endorsed by the World Health Organization. To instill person-centered care (PCC) in health training requires prioritization of PCC concepts. Focusing on Speech-Language Pathology and/or Audiology (SLP/A) this study aimed to (i) measure student preferences towards PCC using the modified Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (mPPOS) (ii) to determine predictors towards these preferences and (iii) describe students’ views and experiences towards PCC. A mixed-method design was followed utilizing an online survey and four focus group discussions. The survey included demographic questions, the modified Patient-Practitioner-Orientation Scale (mPPOS), the Ten-Item-Personality-Inventory (TIPI) and an open-ended question. The focus group discussions included prompting questions which facilitated an open-ended discussion. A total of 321 students (54.5% SLP) completed the online survey across all seven South African Universities, and 16 students (39% Audiology students) participated in the focus group discussions. High preference towards person-centeredness with a mean mPPOS score of 4.3 (SD 0.6) was obtained. Quantile regression analysis revealed eight common predictors towards PCC preferences. Three main categories emerged from the open-ended question and focus group discussions: (i) client-clinician relationship (ii) barriers towards PCC and (iii) PCC training. Although students have a preference for and an understanding of PCC, there are important factors to consider during training. Curriculum enhancement can nurture and foster the skills required to provide care that is more person-centered.

Dentists’ attitudes toward patient-centered care and its predictors: a cross-sectional study in South Korea

BackgroundPatient-centered care (PCC) has been one of medical practice’s most frequently discussed principles. However, attitudes toward PCC among dentists remain underexplored. This study focuses on examining dentists’ patient-centered attitudes and investigating their predictors.MethodsThe Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale which consists of Sharing and Caring subscales was used to assess patient-centered attitudes. The statistical analysis included 217 dentists from South Korea. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was performed to examine the predictors such as sociodemographic aspects, academic factors, work-related factors, and empathy.ResultsA patient-centered attitude of Caring subscale (M = 4.29, SD = 0.56) emerged, but the provider-centered attitude was higher in Sharing subscale (M = 3.40, SD = 0.48). Work year, academic track, and empathy were associated significantly with an overall caring aspect of patient-centered attitude, while the gender effect remained insignificant. Empathy had a critical and significant impact on the patient-centered attitude.ConclusionsEfforts to enhance patient-centeredness in Sharing are needed; post-graduate education and transition to a more patient-centered health system are recommended. Moreover, empathy still matters as it was found to be a significant predictor of patient-centered attitudes. The findings of this study support the need for efforts to enhance patient-centered attitudes among dentists, which will help generate discussion on improving the curriculum of post-graduate education and health system reform.

An Evaluation of the Relationship between Training of Health Practitioners in a Person-Centred Care Model and their Person-Centred Attitudes.

The Esther Network (EN) person-centred care (PCC) advocacy training aims to promote person-centred attitudes among health practitioners in Singapore. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the training and practitioners' PCC attributes over a 3-month period, and to explore power sharing by examining the PCC dimensions of "caring about the service user as a whole person" and the "sharing of power, control and information". A repeated-measure study design utilising the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), was administered to 437 training participants at three time points - before training (T1), immediately after (T2) and three months after training (T3). A five-statement questionnaire captured knowledge of person-centred care at T1 and T2. An Overall score, Caring and Sharing sub-scores were derived from the PPOS. Scores were ranked and divided into three groups (high, medium and low). Ordinal Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) model analysed changes in PPOS scores over time. A single, short-term training appeared to result in measurable improvements in person-centredness of health practitioners, with slight attenuation at T3. There was greater tendency to "care" than to "share power" with service users across all three time points, but the degree of improvement was larger for sharing after training. The change in overall person-centred scores varied by sex and profession (females score higher than males, allied health showed a smaller attenuation at T3). Training as a specific intervention, appeared to have potential to increase health practitioners' person-centredness but the aspect of equalising power was harder to achieve within a hierarchical structure and clinician-centric culture. An ongoing network to build relationships, and a supportive system to facilitate individual and organisational reflexivity can reinforce learning.

Attitudes of Family Medicine Trainees Towards Patient-Centeredness Practice.

The interaction between physicians and patients is essential in clinical practice. Patient-centered care (PCC) is becoming popular in healthcare and provides an approach to deliver high-quality healthcare to yield positive clinical outcomes. This study explores family medicine residents' attitudes toward the physician-patient relationship and patient-centered care and the possible influence of demographic characteristics, level of training, school of graduation, and previous training. A cross-sectional study was conducted among family medicine residents in Riyadh. They were invited to enroll in a web-based survey that includes demographic data, training details, and the "Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS).". A total of 114 family medicine residents completed the survey. There were 68 (59.6%) males and 46 (40.4%) female residents. The overall PPOS was 4.23 ± 0.53. The mean score for sharing domain was 3.97 ± 0.66. The caring domain scored 4.49 ± 0.57. No correlations were found between the residents' demographic data and other included variables, and the means of sharing domain, caring domain, and overall score. Family medicine residents were found to have positive attitudes toward patient-centeredness. Integrating patient-centered training early in the curriculum can improve healthcare students' and trainees' attitudes toward patient-centered care. Future research can explore the possible interventions in systematic assessment and training programs that can improve PCP.

Avaliação de atitudes relacionadas ao atendimento humanizado pelos estudantes de Medicina

Abstract: Introduction: Typical medical care has been characterized by professional and disease-centered attitudes, with little concern for focusing on the patient’s psychosocial context and expectations. However, the medical care that seeks to more globally encompass the patient’s perspective has shown to bring greater benefits. Objective: To evaluate the attitudes of medical students regarding the physician-patient relationship. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that evaluated the attitudes of students in the 4th semester of the medical course in relation to patient care based on the application of the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale and a questionnaire with sociodemographic and curricular characteristics. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software and the Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc, and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 83 medical students participated in the study, with a prevalence of female students (74.7%), and those who declared a family income of less than US$ 2,140 (43.0%), as well as those who professed the Catholic religion (53.0%). The majority of students (85.5%) had attitudes centered on the physician and the disease (mean PPOS scores &lt;4.57), with scores in the caring domain higher than those in the sharing domain. The variables gender, family income, student financial aid, and religion showed a positive association (p≤0.05) with PPOS scores related to patient-centered attitudes. There were no statistically significant associations of PPOS scores with the variables age group, city of origin, undergraduate research activities, extracurricular internships, artistic activities, personal and family history of serious illness, and parental level of schooling. Conclusion: The present study showed that the assessed medical students had attitudes centered on the physician and on the disease, with mean PPOS scores below the range related to attitudes of humanized medicine.

Patient-centered care - evidence in the context of professional health practice.

to analyze patient-centered attitudes in care and sharing practices of nursing, speech therapy, dentistry and medicine professionals. cross-sectional research was used with 411 professionals, and the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale instrument was applied as a measure of outcome. physicians presented higher mean scores, reflecting a patient-centered orientation, shared control, and focus on the person, with statistical difference for all domains (p<0.02). Dentists were the professionals who presented lower scores, especially in the sharing domain, with statistical difference in relation to nurses, speech therapists, and physicians (p<0.05). finally, the attitudes of professionals in the health areas studied indicated self-reported preference for centrality in patients. In this context, patient-centered care can be an important resource in health care when committed to overcoming the object man.

The Use of Simulated Patients Is more Effective than Student Role Playing in Fostering Patient-Centred Attitudes during Communication Skills Training: A Mixed Method Study.

While simulated patients (SPs) are considered a standard tool in communication skills training, there is no evidence thus far of their comparative benefit to the more cost-effective option of student role playing. We compared the effectiveness of both approaches in developing patient-centred attitudes in students. We retrospectively compared students who participated in the clinical communication course (CCC), based on student role playing (CCCsp-, n = 160), to students who participated in the CCC with SPs (CCCsp+, n = 146), and students with no formal CCC (CCC-, n = 122). We used validated questionnaires to assess patient centredness. We also conducted focus group interviews (FGI) to better understand the impact of CCC with sp. Students after the CCC with simulated patients achieved a significantly higher score in the patient-practitioner orientation scale than other groups (p < 0.001). There is a strong positive correlation between the implementation of simulated patients and patient-centred attitudes among students. Data from the FGI revealed that students perceived training with SP as more realistic, safe, and engaging than student role playing. Practice Implications. Our research provides evidence to justify costs and resources invested in simulated patient programs.

A 4-factor perspective of the patient-practitioner orientation scale (PPOS): a deeper understanding of patient-centredness

BackgroundAlthough patient-centred medical services are widely recognized and accepted, how to define and evaluate them remains a controversial topic.ObjectivesThis study attempts to evaluate the underlying structure of the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) with a homogenous population and clarify the connotation of patient-centredness.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 279 7th year Chinese medical students in were selected to examine the internal structure of the PPOS by means of internal consistency, exploratory, and confirmatory factor analyses.ResultsBoth the two-factor model and the four-factor model showed acceptable internal consistency and structural validity. The four-factor model that endorsed the implicit attitude towards the doctor–patient relationship outperformed the two-factor model in terms of adaptability.ConclusionsThe PPOS has good psychometric attributes, as evaluated by Chinese medical students. This article attempts to explore patient-centredness from the perspective of implicit attitudes that affect the doctor–patient relationship and resummarizes the four factors. These four dimensions may suggest a deeper attitude towards the doctor–patient relationship, while “sharing information” or “caring about” the “patient” is the behaviour and preference expressed on the basis of these four attitudes, which is the result rather than the cause.Practice implicationsUnderstanding the underlying attitudes towards the doctor–patient relationship can help to construct a patient-centred medical service concept and improve the doctor–patient relationship in medical education courses and the system design of medical activities.

Maintaining patient-centredness in Australian medical students: Culture, curriculum and selection criteria

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that patient-centredness may become eroded as students progress through medical training. The primary objective of this study was to explore the differences in patient-centred attitudes between first- and final-year students in the context of an Australian medical school. The secondary objective was to determine whether student factors such as age, gender, background (rural/urban), discipline of previous degree and specialty of interest were associated with patient-centred attitudes. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 214 first-year and 141 final-year Australian medical students in 2016 and 2017 (total n = 355). Score on the Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) was the main outcome measure. Results: Anonymous questionnaires were completed by 355 students (76.2%). Mean PPOS score was 4.51 (SD 0.46). Although there was no difference in mean PPOS between first-year and fourth-year students, female respondents were significantly more patient-centred than male respondents (4.58 vs 4.42, p = 0.002). Students with an interest in a surgical specialty had significantly lower patient-centredness than students with a non-surgical specialty of interest (4.36 vs 4.55, p = 0.002). Having general practice intentions was not associated with higher patient-centredness. Students with a previous humanities-based degree had higher patient-centredness than students with previous degrees in different areas (4.67 vs 4.49, p = 0.025). Conclusions: There appears to be no erosion of patient-centredness between first-year and fourth/final-year students. Medical student selection and university culture may have influenced this finding.

Healthcare students\u2019 attitudes towards patient centred care: a systematic review with meta-analysis

BackgroundPatient centred care is commonly recommended in clinical practice guidelines to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Identifying measurement tools used to assess healthcare students’ attitudes towards patient centered care and determining their attitudes is the first step to ensuring patient centred care is provided in the future. The primary aim of this review was to describe the measurement tools used to assess healthcare students’ attitudes towards patient centred care. The secondary aim was to quantify healthcare students’ attitudes towards patient centred care.MethodsAn electronic database search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL from inception until March 1, 2021, with combined terms relating to ‘patient centred care’, ‘attitudes’, and ‘healthcare students’. Studies that quantitatively assessed healthcare students’ attitudes towards patient centred care were included. Measurement tools used in the included studies were qualitatively described. Meta-analysis was conducted to quantify healthcare students’ attitudes towards patient centred care and assess the respective influence of gender, profession, and study geographical location on healthcare students’ attitudes towards patient centred care.ResultsThe electronic search identified 3948 total studies. One hundred twenty-nine full texts were screened, and 49 studies were included. There were 16 measurement tools used to assess healthcare students’ attitudes towards patient centered care. Most studies (53%, n = 26) used the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) to assess patient centered care. Meta-analyses of 20 studies with 26 total groups resulted in a pooled mean PPOS score of 4.16 on a 0–6 scale (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.95, 4.37), indicating low attitudes towards patient centered care. Additional analyses found that women have significantly higher attitudes towards patients centred care than men (pooled effect 0.14 [95% CI: 0.05, 0.23], n = 8 studies) and mean PPOS scores appear similar among sub-groups of only medical students (pooled mean 4.13, 95% CI: 3.85, 4.42, n = 13 studies) and only American healthcare students (pooled mean 4.49, 95% CI: 4.35, 4.64, n = 5 studies).ConclusionsSeveral different measurement tools have been used to assess healthcare students’ attitudes towards patient centred care, but the most commonly used is the PPOS. Our results indicate that healthcare students have low attitudes towards patient centred care. Future studies should evaluate if attitudes towards patient centred care can be improved during healthcare education.

Evaluating Teaching Effectiveness of Medical Humanities in an Integrated Clerkship Program by a Novel Prospective Propensity Score Matching Framework.

Background: This study aims to rigorously compare the effectiveness of the educational programs of a new integrated clinical clerkship in medicine (3 months) and surgery (3 months) at a cancer center with the conventional subspecialty-based rotations at a tertiary teaching hospital, by this prospective, pre-post comparative method. Methods: Between 2013–2016, we compared 69 students who had selected the integrated clerkship that emphasized clinical competency and medical humanities training with 138 matched peers who had completed conventional clerkships during the same period. Outcome measures for medical humanities included empathy, patient-centeredness, and other values and skills related to holistic health care professionalism by introducing prospective propensity score matching (PSM). Results: At baseline, no significant between-group differences existed. At the completion of the core clerkships, students receiving the integrative clerkship had significantly higher scores on the Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and the Professionalism Climate in Clinical Teaching Environment (PCI), and similar Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy Student Version (JSPE) scores, as compared with the comparison group. We also found that the students in this program did not perform worse than those in the traditional internship group in the comprehensive and formative OSCE medical clinical skills test. Conclusions: Our study develops an empirical basis for rigorous evaluation to design medical education to improve the medical humanities values and skills of interns. Features of the new integrated clerkship program that we developed include substantial participation by the students in patient-centered in-hospital culture, as well as reflection, discussion, and feedback on actual clinical cases.

Attitudes of medical professionals towards patient-centredness: a cross-sectional study in H City, China

ObjectivesPatient-centred communication improves patient experiences and patient care outcomes. This study aimed to assess the preference of medical professionals in China towards patient-centred communication under the context of the deteriorating...