Patiala City Research Articles

An Exploratory Study on Role of Direct Selling Agent towards Bank and Customer with Specific Reference to Home Loan Services in Punjab

DSA (Direct Selling Agent) that agent who involves in the process of grants home loan from the bank or NBFC to the potential customer. DSA’s job outline is create leads, documentation, cross checking. This study explains role and responsibility of DSA towards bank and customers, awareness of DSA services of the different banks and NBFC among the potential customer, challenges faced by the customer for the approval of home loan and challenges faced by the DSA at the time of process home loan application. In this study the researcher has to implement both primary data and secondary data complete this paper. The primary data deals with raw data collected through questionnaire to the respondents related with their level of disbursement of housing loan. The secondary data consists of reports of existing customers from the banks and NBFC. Pass the housing loan by banks and NBFC provides a boost for the growth and development of house construction industries. Now a time lack of knowledge among individuals related with banking products of all types of banks at one time. In case home loan customer wants to take loan according to their requirements for example lower rate of interest, Type of banks, credit score for transparency and clarity of about loan terms. There are many problems discussed already in previous studies such as different cost of borrowing, collateral security, processing time, proof of income, documentation and margin money. These problems studied by the previous researcher described in the section of the literature review. In view of the above things, it is necessary to conduct a research study to fill these gaps that have been depicted as research problem. The respondents for this research who belong to upper class, middle class or lower-class groups and lived in Patiala city or zones of Patiala. Keywords satisfaction level of customer, Responsibility of Direct selling agent, Challenges faced by DSA

Traffic noise prediction using machine learning and monte carlo data augmentation: a case study on the Patiala city in India

Traffic noise pollution is a serious problem in the modern urban areas especially to design new architecture of smart cities, highways, hospitals, schools for an efficient and healthy environment. To analyse this aspect, we have proposed a machine learning based prediction of sound pressure level on an original dataset collected in Patiala city in India. Vehicular traffic and sound pressure level data was collected on different sites in the city. A total of 502 data samples on the identified sites were obtained for the study. Further this data is augmented using Monte Carlo simulation to 10 times of its initial size and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been trained and compared with other Machine learning methods for the vehicular traffic noise prediction. The input parameters in the model are traffic volume Q, percentage of heavy vehicles P and the average speed of vehicles V and the output parameter is the equivalent continuous sound pressure level, Leq dB(A). The experimental results show ANN which is trained on the augmented data using Monte Carlo simulations outperforms other advanced methods making it an effective measure for vehicular traffic noise prediction to develop a healthy environment which is free of noise pollution.

Women Workers In Unorganized Sector: A Study Of Patiala City

The term 'unorganised' is frequently used in the Indian context to refer to the large number of women and men working in various occupations. Home-based work (e.g., rolling papads and beedis), self-employment (e.g., selling vegetables), employment in household enterprises, small units, on land as agricultural workers, labour on construction sites and domestic work. The present study was designed with objective to identify the problem that women face as unorganised labour and to bring to light the plight of female workers in India. For this purpose 100 women stone crushers between the age range of 15 and 50 were selected from Patiala district. A self designed interview schedule was used to collect data and it was found that majority of the women are working in pathetic conditions and have low work satisfaction. They are not even allowed to take their decisions and are not aware of any help groups for their rights.

IMPACT OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING ON ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOURAL OUTCOME OF INTERNET GAMING ADDICTION (IGA) AMONG ADOLESCENTS

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of motivational interviewing on attitude and behavioural outcome among adolescents regarding IGA at selected schools of Patiala city of Punjab. METHODS: This was an experimental research design with two group pre-test post-test control group design. The samples were recruited by opting probability sampling technique. The study samples were the adolescents with age group of 15 to 18 years old who have met the eligibility criteria. Total 300 adolescents were recruited based on power analysis. The research instruments were the Structured Attitude Rating Scale on I GA (SARS-IGA) and Structured Behavioural Outcome check list on IGA (SBOC-IGA). The collected data were organised logically and data was analysed by SPSS-22. RESULTS: The mean difference of experimental group was 18.89 while in control group it was 2.96. F ratio identified as 10.10 which reflected that among both the group, there is significant difference in terms of attitude of adolescents regarding internet gaming addiction. The mean difference of experimental group was 12.80 while in control group it was 4.27. F ratio identified as 10.40 which reflected that among both the group, there is significant difference in terms of behavioural outcome of adolescents regarding internet gaming addiction. The finding suggested that the provided motivational interviewing technique is effective to enhance attitude and behavioural outcome of IGA victims. CONCLUSION: findings of the study suggested that internet gaming disorder or dependency has reached to significant level and motivational interviewing is helping adolescents to improve their attitudes and enhanced their behaviour outcome regarding internet gaming disorders.

Prevalence of reproductive drugs usage in humans and animals: A pilot study in Patiala city of India.

Reproductive drugs that include contraceptive and fertility drugs are used to manage reproductive health in both humans and animals. Contraceptive drugs are mainly used by humans for reversible contraception whereas fertility drugs are mainly used in animals to increase milk production, poultry products and meat production. Usage of these drugs has increased manifold in the last decade. These drugs are excreted through body fluids (mainly urine and milk) that lead to contamination of surface water, milk and animal produce. Consumption of such contaminated products or water results in reproductive disorders and different types of cancers in humans. This questionnaire-based study was designed and conducted involving gynecologists, pharmacies, medical stores and veterinarians in Patiala city and its adjoining areas in India to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative aspects of use of these drugs. A total of 150 survey points were identified with random sampling method. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The results showed that contraceptive drugs constitute 86% of reproductive drugs usage in humans. Further, steroidal contraceptives constitute a huge 94.7% share of contraceptive drugs, and of these combined oral contraceptives have 79.79% share among which a combination is ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel is the most popular (20.92%). The consumption of COCs is higher than that of progestin only pills (Z = 3.39) as well as estrogen only pills (Z = 4.30). In contrast, usage of non-hormonal fertility drugs (89%) dominates over the hormonal class (11%) in humans. The most widely used non-hormonal fertility drug is clomiphene citrate (73.87%). In animals, the prescription rate of hormonal fertility drugs is higher (83%) than the non-hormonal one, where in the most widely prescribed drug is buserelin acetate. These findings are in consonance with the similar studies carried out in US, Europe and Canada which suggest that reproductive drugs usage pattern is more or less similar across the globe. A careful control to discourage indiscriminate use of such drugs is the need of hour to prevent damage of environment and ultimately to the health of living beings.

An Occupational Profile of Tribal Children of Patiala City

An Occupational Profile of Tribal Children of Patiala City

Prevalence of Dental Caries in 5- to 12-Year-Old School Children of Patiala City, Punjab

Abstract Introduction The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate prevalence of dental caries in 5- to 12-year-old children in the city of Patiala, Punjab. Materials and Methods This cross sectional study comprised 1,600 school children belonging to upper middle and lower middle class groups. The children were examined in their schools itself sitting on an ordinary chair. Results Caries prevalence reported was 40%. Higher decayed, missing, and filled teeth were found in children eating sweet foods. Conclusion Results reveal a high percentage of children with dental caries which shows a need for oral health awareness in these children. A low percentage of children was brushing twice a day.

A population-based cross-sectional study to determine the practices of breastfeeding among the lactating mothers of Patiala city.

Introduction:The present study was undertaken to study the breastfeeding practices and the influence of literacy and prevailing cultural factors on different aspects of breastfeeding.Materials and Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Badungar, a semi-urban area in Patiala city including a total of 370 mothers. Mothers were interviewed using pre-formed, semi-structured Performa. The participant's demographic information, awareness and practices regarding breastfeeding were recorded by paying house to house visits. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 21.Results:Only 27.30% of the mothers knew that breastfeeding should be initiated within 1 hour of birth. A total of 51.62% mothers considered prelacteal feed to be the right practice while 55.95% considered colostrum bad for the baby. Only 53.78% of the lactating mothers knew the correct meaning of exclusive breastfeeding. Only 24.86% mothers started breastfeeding within an hour after birth. Colostrum was not given by 57.29% of the lactating mothers while Prelacteal feeds were given by 50.81% mothers. Exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months was given by 45.67% mothers. A significant association was observed in high mother's education, high socio-economic status, nuclear status of family, history of antenatal care registration, and hospital delivery with exclusive breastfeeding (P < 0.01).Conclusion:Study concluded that breastfeeding practices were not optimum; hence promotion of knowledge regarding the right practices of breastfeeding and focus on the factors affecting them is highly warranted in this area.

Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries to Anterior Teeth in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Patiala City, Punjab, India: An Epidemiological Study.

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) to anterior teeth in 8–12-year-old schoolchildren of Patiala city in North India and to study the risk factors related to dental trauma.Materials and methodsAn epidemiological cross-sectional survey was conducted. The study consisted of 3,000 schoolchildren from various schools of Patiala city in North India. The body mass index was calculated. Lip competency, anterioposterior molar relationship, overjet, and overbite were examined. Dental injuries to anterior teeth were recorded according to the Ellis classification. Data were collected on a proforma.ResultsThe prevalence was found to be 11.4%. Maximum injuries occurred in the 11-year age group and the boys:girls ratio was 1.7:1. The home was the most common place with fall being the most common reason. The relationship between obesity and dental trauma was found to be statistically insignificant, whereas a statistically significant relationship was found between TDIs and incompetent lips, incisal overjet ≥5 mm, and Angle's class II div I molar relation. The Ellis class I fracture was the most predominant type.ConclusionThe high prevalence of dental trauma stresses the need for the development of preventive strategies. There is a need for increased awareness among parents and children regarding dental trauma.How to cite this articleDharmani CKK, Pathak A, et al. Prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injuries to Anterior Teeth in 8–12-year-old Schoolchildren of Patiala City, Punjab, India: An Epidemiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):25–29.

Sexual Abuse- Prevelance and Counselling of Male School Children Aged 12-17 Years in Patiala City

Sexual Abuse- Prevelance and Counselling of Male School Children Aged 12-17 Years in Patiala City

Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Based Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System for Benzene Detection

Benzene is a carcinogen and employing hardware sensors to detect its concentration is expensive, along with limited operational efficiency. There is a relation among various atmospheric gas concentrations and therefore, some heuristic regression approaches can be applied for benzene forecasting, if given the concentration level of other gases. This paper proposes a new adaptive benzene prediction model using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) based adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Improved PSO enhances the performance of ANFIS by considering the multi‐objective fitness function involving accuracy, root mean squared error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (r2). The proposed technique has been tested on both publicly available air quality datasets and a real world dataset of Patiala City in India. Extensive analysis reveals that the proposed technique outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art techniques, making it well suited for building effective and economical benzene prediction models.

Development of Pavement Distress Deterioration Prediction Models for Urban Road Network Using Genetic Programming

The objective of the present study is to develop models to predict the deterioration of pavement distress of the urban road network. Genetic programming (GP) has been used to develop five models for the prediction of pavement distress: Model 1 for the cracking progression, Model 2 for the ravelling progression, Model 3 for the pothole progression, Model 4 for the rutting progression, and Model 5 for the roughness progression. The data have been collected from the roads of Patiala City, Punjab, India; during the years 2012–2015, the network of 16 roads have been selected for the data collection purposes. The data have been divided into two sets, that is, training dataset (data collected during the years 2012 and 2013) and validation dataset (data collected during the years 2014 and 2015). The two fitness functions have been used for the evaluation of the models, that is, coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE), and it is inferred that GP models predict with high accuracy for pavement distress and help the decision makers for adequate and timely fund allocations for preservation of the urban road network.

Knowledge of parents and coverage among children regarding vitamin A in day care centers

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is one of the most significant causes of preventable childhood blindness. The present study was conducted among parents of pre-school children to study knowledge and practice regarding vitamin A intake and coverage of Vitamin A supplementation among them. Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Patiala city of Punjab. Interview was conducted among parents of 275 preschool children going to various day care centers in Patiala. Results: It was found in this study that 56.7% had knowledge regarding Vitamin A supplementation. Less than half of the parents knew about vitamin A rich foodstuffs. Conclusions: From the present study we can conclude that there is a wide gap regarding knowledge and coverage about vitamin A supplementation. Doctors and books were main sources of information.

A COMPARETIVE STUDY ON THE ADJUSTMENT OF PLAYER AND NON-PLAYER COLLEGE LEVEL MALE STUDENTS

Present study was conducted to find out the difference between different levels of adjustment in player and non-player college level male students. The sample of 20 football players was selected from the colleges of Punjabi University, Patiala. After the selection of 200 male students 18 to 25 of Patiala city were considered as the population of the study. 200 students are taken half of player Males and half of non-player males. As per objective and nature of the study, the investigator used descriptive survey method of research. Adjustment inventory for college students by “A.K.P. Sinha and R.P. Sinha” was used to collect the data of the study. To compare the level of different dimensions of adjustment between players and non-player male students mean, s.d. and t-test were used. The results revealed that player male students and non player male students are equally social adjusted. They equally participated in social activities. So there is no significant difference between player and non-player male students on social adjustment. There is also no significant difference between player and non-player male students on educational adjustment but there is a significant difference between player and non-player male students on emotional adjustment.

Urban stormwater – greywater management system for sustainable urban water management at sub-watershed level

Urban water management involves urban water supply (import, treatment and distribution of water), urban wastewater management (collection, treatment and disposal of urban sewage) and urban storm water management. Declining groundwater tables, polluted and declining sources of water, water scarcity in urban areas, unsatisfactory urban water supply and sanitation situation, pollution of receiving water bodies (including the ground water), and urban floods have become the concerns and issues of sustainable urban water management. This paper proposes a model for urban stormwater and sewage management which addresses these concerns and issues of sustainable urban water management. This model proposes segregation of the sewage into black water and greywater, and urban sub-watershed level stormwater-greywater management systems. During dry weather this system will be handling only the greywater and making the latter available as reclaimed water for reuse in place of the fresh water supply. During wet weather, the system will be taking care of (collection and treatment) both the storm water and the greywater, and the excess of the treated water will be disposed off through groundwater recharging. Application of this model in the Patiala city, Punjab, INDIA for selected urban sub-watersheds has been tried. Information and background data required for the conceptualization and design of the sub-watershed level urban stormwater-greywater management system was collected and the system has been designed for one of the sub-watersheds in the Patiala city. In this paper, the model for sustainable urban water management and the design of the Sub-watershed level Urban Stormwater-Greywater Management System are described.

Estimation of height in males from anthropometric measurements of upper limbs

Variations in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) due to agriculture crop residue burning (ACRB) on children between the age group of 10 to 13 years and the young between 20 to 35 years are studied. The effects of exposure to smoke due to rice–wheat crop residue burning on pulmonary functions like Force Vital Capacity (FVC), Force Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and Force Expiratory Flow in 25 to 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%) on 40 healthy subjects of rural/agricultural area of Sidhuwal village of Patiala City were investigated for a period from August 2008 to July 2009. Measurements were taken by spirometry according to the American Thoracic Society standards. High volume sampler (HVS) and Anderson Impactor were used to measure the concentration levels of SPM, PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air of the Sidhuwal village. A significant increase in the concentration levels of SPM, PM10 and PM2.5 was observed due to which PFTs of the subjects showed a significant decrease in their values, more prominently in the case of children. PFTs of young subjects recovered up to some extent after the completion of burning period but the PFT values of children remained significantly lower (p < 0.001) even after the completion of burning episodes. Small size particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) affected the PFTs to a large extent in comparison to the large size particulate matter (SPM). The study indicates that ACRB is a serious environmental health hazard and children are more sensitive to air pollution, as ACRB poses some unrecoverable influence on their PFTs.

Vehicular traffic noise prediction using soft computing approach

A new approach for the development of vehicular traffic noise prediction models is presented. Four different soft computing methods, namely, Generalized Linear Model, Decision Trees, Random Forests and Neural Networks, have been used to develop models to predict the hourly equivalent continuous sound pressure level, Leq, at different locations in the Patiala city in India. The input variables include the traffic volume per hour, percentage of heavy vehicles and average speed of vehicles. The performance of the four models is compared on the basis of performance criteria of coefficient of determination, mean square error and accuracy. 10-fold cross validation is done to check the stability of the Random Forest model, which gave the best results. A t-test is performed to check the fit of the model with the field data.

What are we drinking? Assessment of water quality in an urban city of Punjab, India.

Introduction:Ground water is the ultimate and most suitable fresh water resource for human consumption in the urban areas of India. Studies regarding ground water quality have shown that the higher rate of exploration as compared to the rate of recharging, inappropriate dumping of solid, as well as liquid waste, lack of strict enforcement of law has led to the deterioration of ground water quality. The present study was thus, carried out to evaluate physicochemical, as well as a microbiological profile of tap water, and filtered water in urban areas of Patiala, Punjab.Materials and Methods:The three zones under Municipal Corporation and two areas under Public Health Department were chosen according to the simple random sampling from Patiala city. From each area, 10 houses were chosen according to the systematic random sampling technique (n = 50). Water was taken from two sources, tap water, and from the water filter. Two samples were taken from each source one for the physicochemical analysis and another for bacteriological analysis. The samples which were sent for bacteriological assessment were collected in a sterile container.Results:The number of water samples found to be within desirable limits with respect to physicochemical parameters were significantly more with the filter water sample than the tap water samples. Suspicious/unsatisfactory microbiological quality of water was observed in 28% and 4% of tap and filter water samples, respectively.Conclusion:The results indicate that certain chemical parameters such as hardness, chloride, and fluoride levels were beyond the permissible limits. Therefore, we recommend that home filters should be installed, serviced appropriately, and their water quality should be checked routinely. Also, any leak from sewage pipes should be promptly repaired to prevent contamination of drinking water.

A study of Multidimensional Social Support System among School Teachers

Life is an interconnection of relation fabric. The quality of life depends on what kind of relation fabric we use. Every individual has different kinds and forms of social support in life. Social support helps us to realize that there is someone who cares and loves us and with whom we can share our sorrow and suffering that will give us comfort, peace of mind &amp; give strength to overcome from the difficulties of life. This study, conducted on 64 school teachers from Patiala city out of which 36 male and 28 female teachers. The chi square method &amp; mean is used for the statistical purposes. The results indicated that there is no significant relation between biographical factors (Gender, Age, and marital status) and subscales of social support.

Conceptualizing a decentralized stormwater treatment system for an urbanized city with improper stormwater drainage facilities

Urbanization involving replacement of previous areas with impervious surfaces and drainage channel modifications results in increased runoff volume leading to flooding and also in deteriorating the quality of the stormwater runoff. An effective and efficient stormwater management is needed in the urban areas for mitigating the impacts and overcoming the problems associated with the urban stormwater. An attempt has been made in the present study to investigate the relationships between stormwater quality and five different land uses for the Patiala city of Punjab State. Stormwater samples collected from these locations, between April 2010 and March 2011, were analyzed for various organic and inorganic water quality parameters and heavy metals. Inter-parameter relationships studied provided vital information in deciding upon the treatment units most likely to be suitable for that particular sub-watershed. Multiple regression modeling helped in assessment of water quality parameters and predicting the quality well before actually analyzing the parameters and thus aided in developing treatment schemes suitable for taking care of the stormwater quality even under worst set of conditions. The outcomes of the research study effectively contributed toward conceptualizing a decentralized stormwater treatment system that would be capable of coping with the stormwater runoff-associated problems faced by the city and can serve as a model for other under-developed and developing cities having improper stormwater management facilities.