Pathogenesis Of Eclampsia Research Articles

Эклампсия. Современный портрет

Hypertensive disorders consistently occupy one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. An important role in the diagnosis of eclampsia is given to MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain, which allows to identify a pathognomonic symptom of eclampsia, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Patients and methods. Six clinical cases of patients with eclampsia were retrospectively analyzed. Results. The result of the first screening showed a low risk of pre-eclampsia in 83.3% of patients, and only 16.7% were at risk. All patients developed the eclamptic episode in the third trimester of pregnancy, and they all had elevated diastolic blood pressure (above 110 mm Hg). In 66.7% of patients, systolic blood pressure was within the range of 180–200 mm Hg. There were no disorders of liver function and coagulation system, and platelet levels were within the normal range. According to the brain MRI, all patients were diagnosed with PRES without signs of cerebral circulation disorders. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the causes and pathogenesis of eclampsia are still unknown. Perhaps we are talking about a new manifestation of the disease, or maybe the causes lie in the pathogenesis, which is not fully understood. Key words: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, eclampsia, PRES

Hepatopathy of pregnant women and the pathogenesis of eclampsia (Zentrbl. F. Gyn. 1933, No. 1, p. 35)

Hofbauer in his article "Hepatopathy of Pregnant Women and the Pathogenesis of Eclampsia" (Zentrbl. F. Gyn. 1933, No. 1, p. 35) admits that the controversial issue of the liver of pregnant women (hepatopathy) in the second half of pregnancy has been finally resolved in a positive sense. the liver is detected in a violation of its function as a result of diffuse damage to the hepatic parenchyma.

Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate on Maternal Mortality in Eclampsia.

Eclampsia is a common complication of preeclampsia patients and can be life-threatening for both the mother and the fetus. Hence, timely intervention and appropriate management of this detrimental condition are extremely crucial. Eclampsia is described as the occurrence of generalized convulsions in patients with preeclampsia. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is the drug of choice for treating and preventing eclampsia. This review aims to study and analyze the available literature on the pathogenesis of eclampsia, the pharmacology of MgSO4, and its effectiveness in the management of eclampsia. Other proposed treatments and their comparative study with MgSO4 are also discussed. Additionally, we examine the data regarding the impact of eclampsia, its public health burden, and the cost-effectiveness of MgSO4. One of the major drawbacks associated with the use of MgSO4 in low-income countries has been the cost of treatment and the lack of resources. We have analyzed the trials that have proposed alternate treatment regimens which could shape new guidelines to resolve these issues. For this review, we extensively studied abstract and full-text articles from multiple databases. This article discusses the pathophysiology of eclampsia, the pharmacology of MgSO4, the issues surrounding eclampsia management, and how MgSO4 benefits these patients.

Further data on the pathogenesis of eclampsia

At the beginning of November 1892, in a lecture read before the conference of the Imperial Military Medical Academy, I had the opportunity to state my view on the essence of the origin of the disease, which is still incomprehensible to us, which is called eclampsia.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in eclamptic patients: neuroradiological manifestation, pathogenesis and management.

Eclampsia is one of the most serious complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, defined as the occurrence of one or more convulsions superimposed on preeclampsia. Besides the ordinary course of the disease, ranging from a mild to a severe form, with culmination in eclamptic seizures, there is a significant percent of cases where eclampsia starts unexpectedly, without typical premonitory symptoms and signs, which makes it difficult to prevent. NEURORADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PATHOGENESIS OF ECLAMPSIA. Neuroradiological signs of eclampsia are described as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and are manifested by nausea, vomiting, headache, visual disturbances, altered mental status, convulsions and coma, together with characteristic findings on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan of the head, indicating the presence of vasogenic brain edema. The topic of this article are possible mechanisms of the development of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pregnancy and modalities of acute treatment of this emergency state. MANAGEMENT OF ECLAMPSIA: Magnesium sulphate is nowadays the drug of choice for the treatment and prevention of eclamptic seizures. Labetalol is considered to be the agent of choice in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy, followed by hydralazine, nifedipine, nicardipine, urapidil, nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside (in most refractory cases). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin blocking drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy. Captopril and enalapril are allowed during lactation. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in eclamptic patients is completely reversible if adequate diagnosis is promptly made and intensive treatment immediately administered.

Relationship between erythrocyte catalase and serum adenosine deaminase activities in eclampsia

Objective. To examine the relationship between antioxidant status and T-cell activation in the pathogenesis of eclampsia by measuring the activities of erythrocyte catalase, an enzyme of antioxidant mechanism, and serum adenosine deaminase (ADA), regarded as a marker of T-cell activation.Methods. A total of 60 patients [20 eclamptic (E) pregnant women, 20 healthy pregnant (HP) women and 20 non-pregnant (NP) women] were included in the study. Maternal venous blood samples were obtained from each patient during weeks 28–37 of gestation, and biochemical analyses of catalase activity in erythrocytes and ADA activity in serum were carried out.Results. Erythrocyte catalase activity was significantly lower and serum ADA activity was significantly higher in the E pregnant women when compared with the HP women and NP women (P <0.001). No significant correlation was observed between erythrocyte catalase activity and serum ADA activity.Conclusions. Erythrocyte catalase and serum ADA activities may at least in part contribute to the pathogenesis of eclampsia. However, more studies are needed to verify and clarify the relationship between antioxidant status and T-cell activation in eclampsia.

Is High Cerebral Perfusion Pressure and Cerebral Flow Predictive of Impending Seizures in Preeclampsia? A Case Report

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to demonstrate elevated estimated cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral flow index (CFI) in a preeclamptic patient. She subsequently developed eclampsia. After magnesium sulfate therapy her CPP and CFI were within the normal range and she did not experience further seizures. This finding suggests that cerebral overperfusion may be at least one of the etiologies involved in the pathogenesis of eclampsia.

Regulation by interleukin-1β of growth and collagenase production by choriocarcinoma cells

Impaired trophoblastic invasion and proliferation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, spontaneous abortions and intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). First trimester trophoblast cells (which do not grow in culture) and choriocarcinoma (BeWo) (which grow spontaneously, and are used as a model for proliferating trophoblast) were incubated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). BeWo cell growth was decreased dose-dependently by exogenous IL-1 beta at concentrations of 100-1000 pg/ml. This effect was first detected after 24 h of incubation with IL-1 beta, and persisted for up to 96 h of culture. In contrast, trophoblast cells isolated from first trimester placental tissue showed no growth response when stimulated with IL-1 beta. The levels of active interstitial collagenase produced by BeWo cells were increased by IL-1 beta (100-1000 pg/ml), which paralleled the decrease in cell growth. First trimester trophoblast cells produced lower levels of collagenase and this was not affected by incubation of the cells by IL-1 beta. These results indicate that IL-1 beta may regulate placental development, but further development of culture systems for first trimester trophoblast will be needed before this result can be confirmed.

Action of magnesium sulfate in the treatment of preeclampsia-eclampsia.

Recent evidence supports the concept that cerebral vasospasm is involved in the pathogenesis of eclampsia. Magnesium, which has a beneficial effect in eclampsia, may act by opposing calcium-dependent arterial constriction, thereby relieving vasospasm. Magnesium may also antagonize the increase in intracellular calcium concentration caused by ischemia and thus prevent cell damage and death. Magnesium might have a role in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and ischemia, such as occurs in subarachnoid hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma.

Coagulation changes in eclampsia: Their frequency and pathogenesis

The maternal coagulation mechanism has been investigated in an effort to identify its role, if any, in the pathogenesis of eclampsia. Thrombocytopenia was identified in 28 of 95 cases (29 per cent), a prolonged thrombin time in 19 of 38 (50 per cent), abnormally elevated serum fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products in two of 65 (3 per cent), and circulating fibrin monomer in one out of 20 (5 per cent). Overt hemolysis was rare (2 per cent). Thus the pattern as well as the degree of change in the maternal coagulation mechanism differed remarkably from that typical of severe abruptio placentae and of prolonged retention of a dead fetus, the classic obstetric models of fast and slow disseminated intravascular coagulation. It is concluded that the coagulation changes when present in eclampsia are effect rather than cause. Moreover, the changes may evolve primarily from platelet adherence at sites of vascular endothelial damage as the consequence of segmental vasospasm and vasodilatation rather than be triggered by the escape of thromboplastin from the placenta into the maternal circulation.

Experimental defibrination III: The maternal and foetal microcirculation following placental separation or trauma

Methods have been devised for direct visualization of the microcirculation in the mesouterine veins and umbilical veins draining the placental bed in the pregnant golden hamster. White emboli have been shown consistently to leave the placenta and enter both the maternal and foetal circulations during placental separation or after trauma applied to the placenta, and both the mother and the foetus show histological evidence of defibrination. The significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of eclampsia and the respiratory distress syndrome is discussed.

The Pathogenesis of Eclampsia

The Pathogenesis of Eclampsia

About the pathogenesis of eclampsia

The question of the origin of eclampsia belongs to the most difficult, the most difficult in the field of human pathology. Hundreds of studies have been devoted to him in the course of the last century, the most outstanding scientists took part in his destruction, but to this day he remains covered with the darkness of obscurity.

The Pathogenesis of Eclampsia

The Pathogenesis of Eclampsia