Pathogenic Microflora Research Articles

Microbiota of the ocular surface in infectious/ inflammatory eye diseases

The review article presents current data on the microbiota (MBT) of the ocular surface in infectious and inflammatory eye diseases. Saprophytic MBT increases the resistance of the ocular surface to pathogenic bacteria. Commensal microorganisms regulate host metabolism, immune system development, and defense of the host against pathogen invasion. Meanwhile, ocular surfaces can change due to various environmental factors, processes in the human body, and in particular, due to ophthalmological diseases. Damaged epithelium of the cornea and conjunctiva (e. g. caused by dryness, the use of contact lenses, antibiotics, etc.) can lead to an increase in the number of bacteria on the ocular surface and disruption of the protective film containing antimicrobial compounds that lubricates the epithelium. In recent years, a connection has been shown between changes in the composition of the ocular MBT and a number of infectious and inflammatory ophthalmological diseases. In particular, it turned out that factors influencing the formation of tear fluid can change the MBT of the ocular surface, and when its composition deteriorates, ocular surface may become dry. An increase in the number of pathogenic microorganisms when wearing contact lenses, especially gram-negative ones, can lead to changes in the MBT and the development of keratitis. In inflammatory eye diseases, gram-positive microflora is most often isolated (in 94 % of cases), of which coagulaze negative staphylococci are most often recorded. In bacterial eye infections. conditionally pathogenic microflora often occurs (44.5 %). Apparently, intestinal MBT plays a very significant role in the development of some inflammatory eye diseases such as anterior and posterior uveitis.

FRAGMENTED THIGH INJURY: TREATMENT WITH PREBIOTICS, NANOPARTICLES, AND CELL THERAPY

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of staged local treatment of an infected mine-explosive wound using a gel containing Bacillus spp., cerium oxide nanoparticles, and cell therapy. Object and Methods. The article presents a clinical case demonstrating the effective staged treatment of a 57-year-old patient with a fragmentary fracture of the right femur and a large purulent wound of the right thigh. The patient underwent Ex-fix rod-type femur-tibia stabilization and resection of a post-traumatic aneurysm of the right superficial femoral artery. In the first stage of treatment, two sessions of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) were applied, with pressures ranging from 75-115 mm Hg and a session duration of 4-5 days. In the second stage, local treatment involved a combination of antiseptics and probiotics (Bacillus spp.) alongside cerium oxide nanoparticles. By the 7th day, the eradication of pathogenic microflora was achieved, allowing for the third stage of treatment—application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Results: The treatment of combat trauma has become increasingly relevant in Ukraine and globally due to its complexity and the rising proportion of multiple and combined injuries, which account for 25-60% of cases. Infectious complications occur in 25% of combat trauma cases and are responsible for 70% of related deaths. Most structural and functional disorders associated with wound infections develop at the time of injury, intensify over time, and require immediate surgical intervention, improvements in local treatment methods, and new approaches for wound closure. Conclusions: The use of a combination of probiotics and NPWT therapy led to a rapid reduction of the inflammatory process. Clinical observations showed accelerated wound cleansing from fibrin and necrotic tissue. The combined treatment significantly reduced the size and depth of wound due to the formation of active pink granulation tissue (observed by days 8-9) and marginal epithelialization by days 10-13. During this period, no pathogenic flora were detected, allowing for the subsequent application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells. This treatment approach reduced the need for antibacterial drugs and prevented the need for additional surgical interventions. The inclusion of cerium oxide nanoparticles was an effective enhancement for cell transplantation, facilitating stem cell delivery and contributing to the treatment of large wounds.

CLINICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE USE OF METROGIL DENTA AND LISTERINE IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES

The wide prevalence of periodontal diseases among the active able-bodied part of the population of our country determines the special relevance of this problem. The emergence and progression of periodontal diseases is largely facilitated by the pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity, which encourages the search and development of new antibacterial drugs. As is known, the most important component of the therapy of inflammatory periodontal diseases, along with traditional periodontal treatment, is the use of antibacterial agents. ‎

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОЗОНИРОВАНИЯ НА СРОК ХРАНЕНИЯ СПЕЛОЙ КЛУБНИКИ

Preserving the freshness of fruits and berries is of great importance not only for their taste, but also for preserving their nutritional properties. Ozonation is one of the highly effective methods for destroying bacterial microflora and preserving food for a long time. Ozone is a strong disinfecting gas with a powerful disinfecting effect; biochemical processes are greatly reduced in ozonated products. Studies to study the effect of ozonation on the preservation of freshness and appearance of berries were conducted on the example of strawberries of the "Black Prince" variety. Experiments on electrozoning of ripe strawberries were carried out in laboratory conditions in the Chuvash State Agrarian University. For this purpose, an experimental installation was developed and implemented to study the effects of ozonation. In a series of one-factor experiments, the preservation, appearance of berries and the amount of microflora after 6 days of storage were determined. Ozonation of berries was carried out in special containers at an ozone concentration of 6 mg / m3, lasting 2 hours - 2 times a day. The appearance and taste of strawberries treated with ozonation for six days has not changed; the number of microorganisms on the surface of berries during storage for up to six days corresponds to the standards of GOST 29187-91. A visual inspection of the berries in the control sample on the sixth day of storage showed that 90% of the berries were affected by mold fungi. Unprocessed berries lost their shape, softened, putrefactive microflora appeared; the surface area affected by mold fungi reached more than 90%. Thus, ozonation has shown high efficiency in preserving the freshness, appearance and quality of strawberries during storage. Ozone treatment significantly reduces the development of pathogenic microflora and prevents spoilage of berries. This method can be recommended to extend the shelf life of fruits and berries in the food industry.

Utilization of Cinnamon Leaves (Cinnamomum burmannii, Blume) and Effectiveness Test as Mouthwash against Oral Microbes

Oral health is an important aspect to pay attention to because it is part of the digestive system. Disorders in oral health function can impact other bodily health. The use of mouthwash is necessary to improve the cleanliness and health of the mouth, especially when brushing alone is not optimal. The active compounds in mouthwash enhance cleanliness and effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic oral microflora. Cinnamon leaves have not been widely utilized and are often left unused or discarded. Previous research has been conducted on the potential of the compounds in cinnamon leaves. This research was carried out by determining the best essential oil content of cinnamon leaves through several preliminary treatments and varying distillation times. Active compounds such as cinnamaldehyde, L-linalool, and cinnamyl acetate were found in the cinnamon leaves, making them a potential ingredient for mouthwash formulation. The aim of this study is to produce an effective mouthwash that reduces the growth of pathogenic oral microflora using underutilized local materials. The mouthwash preparation method was modified from several active ingredient mouthwash preparation methods by varying the concentration of cinnamon leaf essential oil at 5%, 10%, and 15%. The formulations were then evaluated for organoleptic properties, stability, homogeneity, and antibacterial activity against S. mutans using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the preparations remained physically stable and homogeneous during 30 days of storage at room temperature. The cinnamon leaf mouthwash exhibited antibacterial activity against S. mutans, with average inhibition zones of 15.25 mm, 19.06 mm, and 24.34 mm for formulations I, II, and III, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the cinnamon leaf mouthwash has the potential to inhibit the growth of S. mutans bacteria."

Administration of gene replacement therapy in patients with spinal muscular atrophy 5q type 1 with chronic nosocomial bronchopulmonary infection

Introduction. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) 5q is a severe hereditary neuromuscular disorder, one of the serious manifestations of which is the development of progressive respiratory insufficiency. The administration of pathogenetic therapy leads to decreased symptoms of respiratory failure, which reduces the risk of lethal outcome and is fundamental for stabilizing the progression of physical development and new motor skills in SMA patients. The aim — to present experience of onasmenogen abeparvovec (OA) gene replacement therapy (GRT) in patients with SMA type 1 and severe respiratory failure combined with chronic bronchopulmonary infection caused by nosocomial multidrug-resistant microflora in real clinical practice. Materials and methods. Five patients with SMA type 1 and respiratory failure of second degree complicated by chronic bronchopulmonary infection were enrolled in this study. All patients were performed a comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and radiologic examination before and for two years after GRT OA administration toof evaluate the severity of respiratory disturbances. The efficiency of OA therapy was estimated with the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND), and motor development was assessed by the Hammersmith Infant Neurologic Examination Part 2 (HINE-2). Results. The medical records of 5 (four boys and one girl ) patients with SMA type 1 at the mean age of 19 months (13 to 27 months) at the time of GRT OA administration were analyzed, of them. All patients had been treated with a different type of pathogenetic therapy before GRT OA. After the preventive, personalized antibacterial therapy, all patients experienced GRT OA administration without exacerbation of chronic bronchopulmonary infection, despite hormonal therapy in an immunosuppressive dose (1 mg/kg). There were no lethal outcomes during two years after GRT OA. Over the first year, patients demonstrated a progressive increase in motor skills with further stabilization, but during the second year of follow-up, two patients showed moderate regression of motor skills after pneumonia. One of five patients had a positive lung function dynamics and eradication of highly pathogenic bacterial microflora from the respiratory tract. Conclusions. It is comparatively safe to administer GRT OA in children with SMA type 1 and chronic respiratory infection. However, changing pathogenetic therapy to GRT OA in the cases we presented did not have clinically significant advantages and required more careful patient preparation. Additional risks associated with the occurrence of immune-mediated adverse events due to concomitant hormonal therapy, which can be avoided on other types of pathogenetic therapy, should be considered.

Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria as Antioxidant Agents in the Production of Organic Raw Fermented Sausages.

The study aimed to assess the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on the antioxidant, physico-chemical properties, and microbiological quality of fermented sausages. Five treatments of raw sausages were prepared: two controls without LAB addition (C, P), and three samples with LAB addition (SCH1, BAL6, KL14). Fatty acid composition, cholesterol content, physico-chemical, microbiological tests, and antioxidant assays, were performed at time 0 and after 1 and 2 months of storage. A significantly higher ability to scavenge free radicals of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was found in sausages with all LAB strains. In the case of the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) test, it was noted that KL14 treatment had higher antioxidant activity. The main fatty acids in sausages were monounsaturated and saturated. A significantly lower cholesterol content was observed in sausages with the addition of LAB. Sausages with LAB strains differed significantly in pH value. Water activity decreased significantly during storage. After 2 months of storage, the sausages with BAL6 and KL14 strains were characterized by significantly lower redox potential and a lower TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) index. It was found that P sausages had the darkest color. SCH1, BAL6, and KL14 strains were also capable of producing red color. The total number of microorganisms in the sausages was high, which is mainly due to the high LAB content and yeast and mold counts. No spoilage or pathogenic microflora were detected. Indigenous LAB strains have the potential to improve the quality and safety of fermented meat products.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) Extract and Chlorhexidine Against Tannerella forsythia: An In Vitro Study.

Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the periodontium, is primarily caused by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Conventional periodontal therapy aims to eradicate pathogenic microflora through mechanical debridement, often supplemented with chemical agents. However, the use of these chemical adjuvants is frequently associated with adverse drug reactions and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, researchers are increasingly exploring herbal antibacterial agents, such asOcimum sanctum(Tulsi), as viable alternatives due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and reduced side effect profile. This study aims to analyze the antibacterial efficacy of the ethanolic extract ofO. sanctum(Tulsi) againstTannerella forsythia, a key bacterium of the red complex, using chlorhexidine as a reference standard. Traditionally, chlorhexidine has been utilized as an adjunct to nonsurgical therapy in the treatment of patients with periodontal disease. The cold extraction method was used to prepare the ethanolic extract ofO. sanctumleaves. The resultant substance was mixed into five different concentrations (3.13%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%) using dimethylformamide as the solvent. The antimicrobial activity of these varying concentrations was assessed againstT. forsythiain culture plates employing the agar well diffusion method, with 0.2% chlorhexidine serving as the positive reference. The zone of inhibition of bacterial growth has been determined and compared with that of 0.2% chlorhexidine. The ethanolic extract ofO. sanctumexhibited highly statistically significant antibacterial activity againstT. forsythia(p < 0.001). At a dosage of 25 mg/mL, the extract created a zone of inhibition measuring 17 mm, while at 50 mg/mL, the zone of inhibition increased to 25 mm. However, when compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine, which had a zone of inhibition of 32 mm,O. sanctumshowed a slightly smaller inhibitory effect. The extract ofTulsishowed notable antibacterial activity againstT. forsythia, with the antibacterial impact observed at the 50 mg/mL dilution.

Current state and prospects of dihydroquercetin application in food industry

This review is a detailed analysis of the results of the experimental studies carried out by scientists from different countries and devoted to the practical application of dihydroquercetin in food products. The main attention is paid to the antioxidant and functional properties of the bioflavonoid in the composition of milk and dairy products. Currently, dihydroquercetin is considered the most powerful natural antioxidant, which use prolongs the shelf-life of products and has a beneficial effect on the human body. Although much time has passed since dihydroquercetin discovery by Russian scientists, today a significant part of research of the bioflavonoid is focused on the pharmaceutical sphere, while its use in the food industry is at the initial stage of the development. In the article, studies carried out by Russian, Chinese, Japanese, European, American and other foreign authors are systemized, which allowed describing quite thoroughly trends in the use of dihydroquercetin in the global industry. Having focused on the influence of the antioxidant on the characteristics of dairy products, scientists found that it increases the stability of acidity and pH, inhibits the development of the pathogenic microflora, favorably affects taste and aroma. Prospect directions for its use have been revealed, and directions for further research of the use of this antioxidant in the dairy industry have been identified. It is concluded that the addition of dihydroquercetin into a recipe will allow obtaining new functional (parapharmaceutical) food products with the antioxidant stability to prevent socially significant diseases and improve the health of the population.

Functional whey-based drinks with grape pomace extract and fruit juice

Industrial waste leads to pollution and deterioration of the environment, as well as harming the living population and animals. Whey, being a by-product of milk processing, is a source of protein and nitrogenous compounds, carbohydrates, lipids, mineral supplements, vitamins, organic acids, enzymes and macro- and microelements. Amino acid content of whey is represented by amino acids of protein substances and free amino acids. The next valuable secondary raw material is grape pomace, which is practically not processed and becomes a factor of anthropogenic load, polluting the environment. Grape pomace has a rich chemical composition, especially a large number of phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant properties. Currently, there is a significant increase in the production and consumption of soft drinks with various additives, the composition of which is replete with unnecessary colors and flavors. The aim of the work is to use milk whey for the development of technology of drinks of functional purpose, which will directly increase the efficiency of its processing, as a secondary raw material in industrial production, as well as serve the purpose of improving the environmental situation in places where milk processing plants are located. In particular, the creation of functional drinks on the basis of milk whey with the addition of grape pomace, fruit juices and pectin, will enrich the milk drink with a complex of biologically active substances, trace elements, antioxidants, vitamins. Using organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters, two technologies of functional drinks based on milk whey with 25% Husein Black grape pomace extract, in the first 25% cherry and in the second 25% peach juices were developed. The first formulation demonstrated noteworthy macro- and microelement content, including calcium (12.10%), sodium (5.04%), magnesium (1.60%), phosphorus (7.31%), and potassium (24.61%). Similarly, the second formulation exhibited significant macro- and microelement composition, including calcium (9.50%), sodium (4.28%), magnesium (1.33%), phosphorus (6.37%), and potassium (21.91%). All microbiological indicators meet the requirements of GOST and indicate the absence of pathogenic microflora, which is one of the indicators of guaranteed sanitary well-being of the proposed products. The developed drinks have pleasant organoleptic indicators, high biological value and low cost price.

Влияние катодной электрохимической активации молока на свойства сливочного масла

Pasteurization and sterilization of milk are known to affect its biological properties. Cathodic electrochemical activation offers a prospective alternative to the abovementioned processes. It involves soluble amino acids of whey proteins that are selected from α-lactoalbumins and β-lactoglobulins, including such amino acids as asparagine, glycine, glutamine, serine, threonine, and tyrosine at 0.5 wt. %. Cathodic electrochemical activation provides a long-term preservation of antioxidant properties: titratable acidity ≤ 17 °T, active acidity (pH) 8-10.5; pathogenic microflora ≤ 8×104 (CFU)/cm3. In this study, the butter sample obtained from electrochemically activated milk demonstrated better sensory properties than the control. As for the physicochemical variables, the experimental sample had a 2.5% higher moisture level while the mass fraction of fat was 81.5% and the titratable acidity was slightly lower than that of the control sample (by 0.3%). After three months of storage, the increase in yeast and mold was by 3 CFU/g in the control sample and by 2 CFU/g in the experimental one. The method of cathodic electrochemical activation proved suitable for industrial butter production.

Влияние биоорганического удобрения на урожай гороха посевного

Biological activity of bioorganic fertilizer of different concentrations on pea seedlings of Batrak variety was investigated. Bioorganic fertilizer in concentration of 10-5% is shown to be the most effective. Soaking seeds in solutions of bioorganic fertilizer showed the activation of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and a decrease in catalase activity, this shows that plants increase immunity during treatment and become more resistant to various environmental factors. Bioorganic fertilizer at a concentration of 10-5% helps to reduce infection of pea seeds with pathogenic microflora and increases yield by 10-15%. Keywords: PEAS, PEROXIDASE, CATALASE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, FIELD STUDIES, BIOORGANIC FERTILIZER, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

Analysis of changes in intestinal microbiota in female Wistar rats at the stage of breast cancer induction by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea

The intestinal microbiota, having enormous metabolic potential, makes a significant contribution to the physiological and pathological processes of humans and animals and is currently considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of cancer. The aim of this study is to determine changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota in Wistar rats during chemical induction of breast cancer (BC). Material and methods. The work was performed on female Wistar rats (n = 40) aged 3 months, weighing 200–210 g, using cultural methods for studying fecal microbiota in intact rats (1 group) on the 1st, 14th, 35th days and in rats with induction of breast cancer and and in rats, whereby N-methyl-N-nitrosourea was administered to induce breast cancer (2 group) on the 1st (before injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea), 14th, 35th days after injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Results and discussion. In all experimental animals, representatives characteristic of the intestinal normobiota of warm-blooded animals predominated, namely: Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli with pronounced enzymatic properties, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium spp. In addition, Staphylococcus spp., yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida and mold. Escherichia coli with reduced enzymatic activity was also detected. It was established that the isolated bacteria belonged to 3 types, 4 classes, 5 orders, 6 families, 6 genera of the bacterial domain. Also, 2 genera of fungi belonging to the order Saccharomycetales were isolated. The most significant changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota were noted in rats with chemically induced breast cancer on the 35th day tumor induction: the appearance of pathogenic microflora in the intestine was revealed.

Effect of Low-Temperature Argon Plasma and Ultrasonic Cavitation on the Course of Burn Wound Healing

Background: Various physical phenomena come into use in medicine; however, to date, universal physical methods have not been developed to optimize the course of the wound healing at all treatment stages. In combustiology, the first stage of burn treatment is debridement; then it is important to create an optimal biological environment, normalize blood circulation, suppress pathogenic flora, and stimulate proliferative processes in the wound.Objective: To determine the effectiveness of low-temperature argon plasma (LTAP) and ultrasonic cavitation in deep burn wound treatment based on clinical observations and cytological findings.Materials and methods: We studied impression smears from burn wounds of 36 patients with deep burns of various etiologies who were treated using LTAP and ultrasonic cavitation in the Thermal Injuries Unit at the Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation) between 2022 and 2023.Results: We found that cytogram findings in the study area changed from the inflammatory type to the regenerative-inflammatory one on day 3-7 when LTAP and ultrasonic cavitation were used, while such change in the control area was observed only after 10 days of treatment. Thanks to the use of LTAP and ultrasound after necrosectomy for deep dermal burns, the wound preparation for autologous skin grafting takes less time than it does with standard methods of local burn wound care. Ultrasonic cavitation should be used in cases of severe exudation and slough, whereas LTAP should be used when reparative processes in a burn wound slow down.Conclusions: Burn wound treatment using ultrasonic cavitation and LTAP enables to prepare the wound surface for autologous skin grafting with a high engraftment rate. The procedure allows to effectively and atraumatically debride the wound and suppress pathogenic microflora. Further research is planned in patients with large deep burn wounds.

Conjunctival sac microbiome status and the use of picloxidine dihydrochloride in children with infectious conjunctivitis

The surface of the eyeball presents a unique microbiocynosis, which is composed of various bacteria including viruses. Proceeding in the body itself. Infectious conjunctivitis in children is one of the most frequent and widespread processes, which determines the relevance of this problem. Inflammatory diseases can be both independent diseases and a reflection of negative processes of the eye.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of picloxidine dihydrochloride in the composition 0.05% eye drops in the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis in children according to the results of conjunctival cavity microbiosis study by chromatography-mass spectrometry.Materials and methods. The study included 61 patients (104 eyes) with infectious conjunctivitis aged from 1 to 9 years (5.02 ± 0.25). The state of conjunctival cavity microbiocenosis was studied in all patients before treatment by chromato-mass spectrometry. All patients were prescribed instillations of picloxidine dihydrochloride as a part of eye drops 0.05% into conjunctival cavity with the frequency of 4 times a day.Results. A more severe course of conjunctivitis was recorded in children with less Bifidobacterium spp.Discussion. Dysbiosis of conjunctival sac microbiome reflects the reserve potential of the immunity of the bulbar conjunctiva. Due to emergence of 4 types of pathogenic microflora, cytomegalovirus (20% of patients) and a decrease in all types of normal flora, a significant increase in opportunistic microorganisms (12 types), 2 to 59.5-fold increase on average is recorded, and every 3rd patient is diagnosed with an increased titer of total endotoxin, which indicates the decreased reserve potential of the immunity of the bulbar conjunctiva.Conclusion. Antiseptic with picloxidine dihydrochloride 0.05% in the eye drops Piktorid-SOLOpharm is a broad spectrum drug in the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis in children without significant side effects.

Моделирование системы очистки сточных вод животноводческих ферм

Among the sources of pollution of surface water bodies from agricultural activities, livestock, pig and poultry complexes can be prioritized, which are uncontrolled and diffuse sources of suspended solids, organic compounds, biogenic elements, heavy metals and pathogenic microflora, which causes biochemical pollution and has a particularly detrimental effect on the state of inland reservoirs. Wastewater from agricultural processing enterprises and household water from rural settlements with unpredictable pollutants play a significant role in pollution. The livestock sector is one of the largest consumers of water. The large number of animals in a confined space, the use of hydraulic harvesting systems when removing their waste products, leads to the formation of manure in significant quantities. Sanitary and hygienic standards in industrial premises are supported with the help of water – animals are washed with it, rooms are cleaned, and they are disinfected, food is prepared, dishes and equipment are washed, manure is washed off with water, and so on. Accordingly, as the demand for water in animal husbandry increases, the volume of wastewater discharge that contains manure into nearby water bodies increases. The effluents that are formed as a result of the activities of the livestock sector are classified as containing a large amount of harmful substances with a high concentration. Depending on the sources of pollution and the main pollutants, technical solutions should be developed to reduce the volume of wastewater and its treatment. The effectiveness of their functioning can be ensured with the help of modern information processing methods, using methods of system analysis of complex objects based on a mathematical description of the technological process. To analyze the state of the treatment system as a whole and predict the development of emergency situations, a software implementation of a wastewater treatment system for livestock farms was created.

Let the black tea and green tea take care of your oral health — A short review of the antimicrobial activity of black tea and green tea extracts on

Dental caries is a major global concern and source of great trouble worldwide. It is one of the most common chronic oral diseases in the world that affects both adults and children. The prevalence of DMFT index as a diagnostic criterion in the estimation of dental caries in the age group of 3–18 years was found to be 57%, whereas in patients aged above 18 years, it was much higher that is 77%.Many studies have been carried out all over the world to find the cause behind it, and the main cause, which was well accepted by the people, was the action of pathogenic bacterial microflora such as ( in the oral cavity on the tooth surfaces. These bacteria strongly adhere to the tooth surface and produce lactic acid after fermentation of sucrose and various carbohydrates, which is responsible for the cavitation in the teeth. Many experiments and efforts have been made to remove from the oral cavity, like antibiotics, oral drugs, and more, which are beneficial but have side effects after long-term use, such as vomiting, diarrhea, resistance, teeth staining, etc.That's why search ended at tea which is becoming a popular beverage and a widely consumed drink these days that has anti-streptococcal properties with least of side effect.India's tea usage changed over time from being a colonial export to a regular beverage. With over 29% of the global tea production, India is one of the world's biggest producers and consumers. In India, tea has long been closely linked to the medicinal herbs that have long been used for both therapeutic purposes and general well-being.

Production and meat quality of broiler chickens with the use of a probiotic complex of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli

The prohibition of antibacterial agents in animal husbandry has spurred research into the creation and study of new probiotic supplements aimed at normalizing the gut microbiota to ensure colonization resistance of the host organism. This resistance prevents the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. Scientists from many countries have developed a range of preparations based on the normal gut microbiota, such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which are used to maintain and restore the biocenosis of the digestive tract. These probiotics are also effective therapeutic and preventive agents for poultry digestive tract diseases, helping correct gut microbiocenosis. In our study, we investigated the impact of the combined probiotic preparation "TIMM-P" on the productive characteristics of poultry and the quality and preservation of broiler chicken meat. This study determined clinical indicators, absolute and average daily weight gains, the meat quality of broiler chickens, and its chemical composition under the influence of the probiotic supplement. It was found that administering "TIMM-P" in courses on days 1–5, 21–25, and 30–35 positively influences the growth of muscle tissue in poultry. Determination of the chemical composition of meat in 42-day-old experimental broiler chickens indicated a significant increase in total protein content in the muscle tissue using the probiotic. Additionally, the absolute and average daily weight gains of the broiler chickens in the experimental group significantly increased during days 15–28 and 29–42 of the study. We observed a significant impact of the probiotic preparation on extending the shelf life of poultry meat based on the study of organoleptic and chemical indicators of broiler chicken meat during refrigerated storage. On the 7th and 9th days of storage, the carcasses of the experimental group that received the probiotic showed a significant decrease in pH levels, acid number, and peroxide number of the fat in the meat. Thus, oral administration of the probiotic preparation increases live weight gains, improves meat quality indicators of broiler chickens, and extends its shelf life. The obtained results have important practical significance as they scientifically substantiate the use of probiotic preparation as a means to preserve livestock, increase live weight gains of broiler chickens, and improve poultry meat quality. Therefore, the complex probiotic preparation "TIMM-P" can be recommended for use in broiler chicken farming.

Исследование дезинфицирующей способности феррата натрия

More and more attention has been recently paid to the disinfection of industrial wastewater. Food, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and other industries cannot directly dump wastewater into the environment, therefore, the wastewater is fed to the deep biological treatment lines. A high level of biological threat and the expanding list of potential pathogens cause the need to search for new highly efficient disinfecting agents. The use of ferrates can be a new step in the improvement of the wastewater disinfection process due to the combination of processes of inactivation of pathogenic microflora and the reactant coagulation on ferric hydroxides generated during decontamination (oxidation). Within the framework of the study, the potential use of sodium ferrate as a disinfecting agent obtained by electrochemical dissolution of iron electrodes in alkali solutions has been confirmed. It has been established that sodium ferrate can effectively inactivate conditionally pathogenic cultures A. niger, B. subtillis which are part of activated sludge symbiosis. The efficient dosing of ferrate for complete inhibition of B. subtillis is 0.5 % mass, whereas for A. Niger it is 15 % mass. It has been proved that microflora inhibition occurs directly under the action of sodium ferrate and not due to the alkali reaction of the medium. Industrial tests of the disinfecting ability of ferrates in relation to wasted activated sludge of industrial wastewater deep biological treatment systems have confirmed the results obtained for individual objects (A. niger, B. subtillis). Based on the results, a conclusion about the potential use of ferrates in the deep biological treatment processes for highly bacteriologically contaminated industrial wastewater has been made. The main advantages of the suggested agent include the low toxicity of metabolites, minimum secondary contamination of treated water, and possible reactant advanced treatment (dephosphorization).

Karakteristik Pencernaan Makanan Fermentasi oleh Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Manfaatnya Bagi Kesehatan

Nowadays fermented foods are increasingly consumed by the public. Fermentation is a food processing process by breaking down organic compounds carried out by microorganisms, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Various types of LAB-fermented foods comes both from local and foreign countries such as kefir; dairy product such as yogurt, and cheese; plant-based food such as sauerkraut, kimchi, pickles, fermented cassava, and tempe. This type of food is believed to have various health benefits such as improving digestive health through maintaining control of pathogenic intestinal microflora, helping the absorption of certain nutrients, and improving the immune system. Previous studies have shown that fermented foods affect the absorption of protein and minerals (iron, zinc). Some study has shown that exopolysaccharides (EPS) from LAB has an antioxidant effect. Therefore, this review study aims to determine the absorption characteristics of nutrients from LAB fermented foods and how they affect digestive health.