Pathogens In Food Samples Research Articles

Molecular imprinting film and turn-on fluorescence probe working in tandem for Salmonella Typhimurium detection

Salmonella is one of the most common pathogens that cause foodborne illnesses. Rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is important for human health. In this study, a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based platform was proposed to activate fluorescence sensing with a bacteria-imprinted film to facilitate S. Typhimurium detection. Imprinted films with surface cavity sites that match the surface cavity sites of S. Typhimurium was prepared. The modification of the films using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS), weakened the hydrophobicity of the films, inhibiting the nonspecific adsorption of nontarget bacteria. Copper nanoclusters and gold nanoparticles, which are good fluorescent molecular donors and acceptors, respectively, can be used to prepare fluorescence quenching-recovery probes based on FRET. The competitive binding of the bacteria to the probes enabled the restoration of fluorescence, facilitating bacteria quantification based on the fluorescence intensity. The optimized fluorescent sensor showed a linear response to S. Typhimurium concentrations in the range of 10–107 CFU/mL with a detection limit of 17.38 CFU/mL. Thus, the proposed label-free fluorescent sensor is sensitive to S. Typhimurium, showing potential applications in the detection of this pathogen as well as other foodborne pathogens in food samples.

Comparing two magnetic separation pretreatment methods for molecular detection using (q)PCR assays targeting Staphylococcus aureus in milk as models

Magnetic separation presents significant potential for culture-independent detection of foodborne pathogens in food samples. In this study, we compared two magnetic separation pretreatment strategies for molecular detection using (q)PCR assays targeting Staphylococcus aureus in milk as models. The first approach employed amino-modified silica magnetic particles (ASMPs) for DNA separation, while the second utilized pig IgG-labeled magnetic beads (IgG-MBs) for cell separation. In the ASMPs-based DNA separation strategy, a sensitivity of 36 CFU/mL was achieved when ASMPs-DNA complexes were employed as templates for PCR analysis. To mitigate noise signals originating from ASMPs during qPCR, DNA on the surface of ASMPs was replaced with dNTP, resulting in a sensitivity of 1.6 × 103 CFU/mL. The IgG-MBs-based cell separation approach yielded sensitivities of 3.6 × 104 CFU/mL for PCR and 1.6 × 103 CFU/mL for qPCR following DNA isolation from the bacteria-IgG-MBs complexes. Both methods exhibited exceptional specificity and robustness against background bacteria interference. However, neither approach effectively discriminated between live and dead bacteria. In comparison, the ASMPs-based DNA separation strategy exhibited superior potential especially when ASMPs do not influence the detection system. This research contributes to the optimization of magnetic separation pretreatment strategies for the molecular detection of foodborne pathogens, highlighting the potential of culture-independent detection methods.

Development of a 3D Microfluidic Analytical Device for the Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria in Commercial Food Samples with Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Traditional methods of detecting foodborne pathogens take several days to produce the required results. Furthermore, various molecular techniques (e.g., PCR) that also produce reliable results in the detection of pathogenic bacteria have been introduced, but the cost–time ratio required does not allow them to be considered a substantial solution to this specific problem. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology provides the ability to design and manufacture microfluidic analytical devices using conventional 3D printers, which, in combination with colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), may further simplify the process. The overall reduction in time and cost may provide the opportunity to upscale this diagnostic modality. Moreover, unlike most microfluidic analytical devices, this technique is simpler and more user-friendly, as it does not require any expertise or additional equipment apart from a conventional oven. A 3D-printed microfluidic analytical device in combination with LAMP was developed and tested for the simultaneous detection of foodborne pathogens in food samples. A total of 150 commercial food specimens (50 milk, 50 chicken, 50 lettuce samples) were analyzed for possible contamination with Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. The 3D-printed microfluidic device was 100% precise for both negative (80 samples) and positive samples (7 samples were positive for S. typhimurium, 28 for L. monocytogenes, and 35 for E. coli) for all pathogens. Overall, the amount of data analyzed led to a high level of confidence in the precision of this device. As such, this new 3D device in combination with LAMP provides a precise detection method for food pathogens with a low detection limit.

Bioaffinity Nanoprobes for Foodborne Pathogen Sensing.

Bioaffinity nanoprobes are a type of biosensor that utilize the specific binding properties of biological molecules, such as antibodies, enzymes, and nucleic acids, for the detection of foodborne pathogens. These probes serve as nanosensors and can provide highly specific and sensitive detection of pathogens in food samples, making them an attractive option for food safety testing. The advantages of bioaffinity nanoprobes include their ability to detect low levels of pathogens, rapid analysis time, and cost-effectiveness. However, limitations include the need for specialized equipment and the potential for cross-reactivity with other biological molecules. Current research efforts focus on optimizing the performance of bioaffinity probes and expanding their application in the food industry. This article discusses relevant analytical methods, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements, circular dichroism, and flow cytometry, that are used to evaluate the efficacy of bioaffinity nanoprobes. Additionally, it discusses advances in the development and application of biosensors in monitoring foodborne pathogens.

Bacteriophage-based nano-biosensors for the fast impedimetric determination of pathogens in food samples

The early and rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms is of critical importance in addressing serious public health issues. Here, a new bacteriophage-based nano-biosensor was constructed and the electrochemical impedimetric method was fully optimized and applied for the quantitative detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food samples. The impact of using a nanocomposite consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and tungsten oxide nanostructures (WO3) on the electrochemical performance of disposable screen printed electrodes was identified using the cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The use nanomaterials enabled high capturing sensitivity against the targeting bacterial host cells with the limit of detection of 3.0 CFU/ml. Moreover, selectivity of the covalently immobilized active phage was tested against several non-targeting bacterial strains, where a high specificity was achieved. Thus, the targeting foodborne pathogen was successfully detected in food samples with high specificity, and the sensor provided an excellent recovery rate ranging from 90.0 to 108%. Accordingly, the newly developed phage-biosensor is recommended as a disposable label-free impedimetric biosensor for the quick and real-time monitoring of food quality.

Biomineralization-inspired artificial clickase for portable click SERS immunoassay of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B in foods

Inspired by a biomineralization behavior, we prepared a nanoflower-like artificial clickase (namely LCN clickase) for portable and sensitive click SERS immunoassay of foodborne bacterial pathogen. Encouraged by its high click catalytic activity to trigger Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, LCN clickase was successfully used for establishing a novel click SERS immunoassay by combining the clickase-mediated SERS signal variation at Raman-silent region. The developed method not only effectively eliminated the interferences between Raman reporter and biological species, but also reduced the complex sample matrix interference. Compared with traditional CuAAC-based immunoassays, the established method avoided the superfluous dissolution process of nanocatalysts and eliminated the requirement of reducing agent during detection, thereby shortening detection time and improving detection reliability. Impressively, the proposed method showed high selectivity and sensitivity for detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B with a low LOD of 20 CFU/mL, exhibiting a great potential in detection of foodborne bacterial pathogen in food samples.

Multiplexed and DNA amplification-free detection of foodborne pathogens in egg samples: Combining electrical resistance-based microsphere counting and DNA hybridization reaction

A multiplex and DNA amplification-free sensor based on electrical resistance microsphere counter (ERMC) and DNA hybridization reaction has been developed for simultaneous detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus in egg samples. In this strategy, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and polystyrene microspheres (PMs) were labeled with DNA probes, the PMs with different sizes (3 μm, 4 μm and 6 μm) were used as multiplex signal reporters due to the high resolution of ERMC. After magnetic separation, the number of unbound PM-probe was related to the concentration of pathogens, and their sizes were attributed to types of pathogens. The limit of detection of this sensor was 20 CFU/mL for Listeria monocytogenes, 89 CFU/mL for Salmonella, and 94 CFU/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The DNA amplification-free, simplicity and low-cost of this assay make it a promising tool for the rapid screening of multiple pathogens in food samples.

Meta-Analysis for the Global Prevalence of Foodborne Pathogens Exhibiting Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) foodborne bacteria causing bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health. In addition, the ability of some of these bacteria to form biofilms increases the threat level as treatment options may become compromised. The extent of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation among foodborne pathogens remain uncertain globally due to the lack of systematic reviews. We performed a meta-analysis on the global prevalence of foodborne pathogens exhibiting antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation using the methodology of a Cochrane review by accessing data from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, and Web of Science databases between 2010 and 2020. A random effects model of dichotomous variables consisting of antibiotic class, sample source, and foodborne pathogens was completed using data from 332 studies in 36 countries. The results indicated AMR foodborne pathogens has become a worrisome global issue. The prevalence of AMR foodborne pathogens in food samples was greater than 10% and these foodborne pathogens were most resistant to β-lactamase antibiotics with Bacillus cereus being most resistant (94%). The prevalence of AMR foodborne pathogens in human clinical specimens was greater than 19%, and the resistance of these pathogens to the antibiotic class used in this research was high. Independently, the overall biofilm formation rate of foodborne pathogenic bacteria was 90% (95% CI, 68%–96%) and a direct linear relationship between biofilm formation ability and antibiotic resistance was not established. Future investigations should document both AMR and biofilm formation of the foodborne pathogen isolated in samples. The additional information could lead to alternative strategies to reduce the burden cause by AMR foodborne pathogens.

3, 4-Dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine Biopolymer Cellulose DNA Adhesive Card as an Enhanced Solid-Phase One-Step DNA Extraction Method from Foodborne Pathogens in Food Samples

3, 4-Dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine Biopolymer Cellulose DNA Adhesive Card as an Enhanced Solid-Phase One-Step DNA Extraction Method from Foodborne Pathogens in Food Samples

Simultaneous detection of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus by teicoplanin functionalized magnetic beads combined with triplex PCR

Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are two typical foodborne pathogens. In this study, we proposed a new strategy that combined antibiotic with magnetic beads (MBs) and multiplex PCR (mPCR) to detect B. cereus and S. aureus in juice sample with high sensitivity and specificity. Teicoplanin (TEI) is a glycopeptide antibiotic which can identify Gram-positive bacteria. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) double-mediated teicoplanin functionalized magnetic beads (TEI-BPBs) were prepared for separation of target bacteria, and the triplex PCR was used for specific detection by nuc, cesB and flic gene. Under optimal conditions, the TEI-BPBs showed a good ability to simultaneously capture S. aureus (>83%) and B. cereus (>81%). The TEI-BPBs-mPCR assay efficiently detected target bacteria even in the presence of 105 CFU/mL non-target bacteria. The results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) of B. cereus and S. aureus in PBS and juice sample could reach 100 CFU/mL within 4 h. Compared with conventional methods, this method has lower LOD and shorter detection time. The results demonstrate that the constructed TEI-BPBs capture probe and triplex PCR could be successfully applied to the rapid separation and detection of B. cereus and S. aureus or other Gram-positive pathogens in food samples.

Anti-Interference Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Aquatic Food Based on Target-Cyclized RCA with Dynamic Adapter Followed by LAMP.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is considered the most concerning pathogen for seafood. Like other pathogens in food samples, its gene detection suffers from a problem of background interference when isothermal detection methods are used. The sensitivity and specificity greatly decrease due to large amounts of background genome. Here we describe a novel isothermal detection technology based on target-cyclized rolling circle amplification combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (tRCA-lamp). By avoiding unexpected ligation, a short dynamic adapter is employed to increase the sensitivity of target cyclization in the presence of the background genome. At the amplification step, highly specific detection is obtained by linear RCA and simplified LAMP (only two primers are used). Furthermore, visual detection is easily realized with hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB). In the oyster samples, the tRCA-lamp approach can detect V. parahaemolyticus with a detection limit of 22 cfu/g with none necessary to enrich the bacteria and remove the host DNA. This method gets rid of the complicated primer design process and can be extended to the detection of other pathogens in food samples.

Recent trends and developments of PCR-based methods for the detection of food-borne Salmonella bacteria and Norovirus.

In recent years, rapid detection methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) have been continuously developed to improve the detection of food-borne pathogens in food samples. The recent developments of PCR and qPCR in the detection and identification of these food-borne pathogens are described and elaborated throughout this review. Specifically, further developments and improvements of qPCR are discussed in detecting Salmonella and norovirus. Promising advances in these molecular detection methods have been widely used to prevent human food-borne illnesses and death caused by the food-borne pathogens. In addition, this review presents the limitations and challenges of the detection methods which include conventional culture method and conventional PCR method in detecting Salmonella and norovirus. Furthermore, several advances of qPCR such as viability PCR (vPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) have been discussed in the detection of Salmonella and norovirus. Good practice of analysis of the food-borne pathogens and other contaminants in the food industry as well as the advancement of molecular detection methods will help improve and ensure food safety and food quality.

NGS Techniques Reveal a High Diversity of RNA Viral Pathogens and Papillomaviruses in Fresh Produce and Irrigation Water.

Fresh fruits and vegetables are susceptible to microbial contamination at every stage of the food production chain, and as a potential source of pathogens, irrigation water quality is a critical factor. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have been flourishing and expanding to a wide variety of fields. However, their application in food safety remains insufficiently explored, and their sensitivity requires improvement. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays showed low but frequent contamination of common circulating viral pathogens, which were found in 46.9% of samples of fresh produce: 6/12 lettuce samples, 4/12 strawberries samples, and 5/8 parsley samples. Furthermore, the application of two different NGS approaches, target enrichment sequencing (TES) for detecting viruses that infect vertebrates and amplicon deep sequencing (ADS), revealed a high diversity of viral pathogens, especially Norovirus (NoV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV), in fresh produce and irrigation water. All NoV and HPV types found in fresh fruit and vegetable samples were also detected in irrigation water sources, indicating that these viruses are common circulating pathogens in the population and that irrigation water may be the most probable source of viral pathogens in food samples.

Comparison of droplet digital PCR vs real-time PCR for Yersinia enterocolitica detection in vegetables

Yersiniosis - the 4th most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union - is caused by the consumption of food contaminated with the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica. The number of human cases and contaminated food samples is probably underestimated since conventional molecular methods currently proposed for Yersinia enterocolitica detection proved to have several limitations. Critical issues associated with the detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in meat and/or meat product has already been investigated, whereas data on the possible limits of the molecular methods for Yersinia enterocolitica detection in vegetables are still lacking. According to ISO method (ISO 18867:2015), real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) should be adopted for Yersinia enterocolitica detection, even if it proved to be affected by some biases. Recently, Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) has been introduced as a useful tool to detect and quantify different pathogenic bacteria in complex food matrices. However, its potential application for Yersinia enterocolitica detection in vegetables has never been investigated before.In the present study two molecular platforms (rtPCR and ddPCR) were used to evaluate the pathogen's behaviour in experimentally contaminated leafy greens (Lactuca sativa L.) and to assess the rate of detection achievable after the incubation for eleven days at different temperatures. By comparing, noticeable differences emerged between the two technical approaches: only ddPCR allowed the detection of the pathogen in leafy greens when contaminated at low levels. Moreover, results of the present work highlighted the importance of length and temperature of incubation on the survival and/or the growth of Yersinia enterocolitica in vegetables: at 18 and 25 °C the concentration of the pathogen considerably decreases along incubation. Based on data, the use of rtPCR leads to an underestimation of the true prevalence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in vegetables, while temperature and time currently proposed for Y. enterocolitica (25 °C for 24 h), allow optimizing detection. To conclude, ddPCR may be undoubtedly proposed as a reliable alternative strategy for the quick detection of the pathogen in food samples.

Recognition of pathogens in food matrixes based on the untargeted in vivo microbial metabolite profiling via a novel SPME/GC × GC-QTOFMS approach

Foodborne diseases incurred by pathogenic bacteria are one of the major threats in food safety, and thus it is important to develop facile and effective recognition methodology of pathogens in food. Herein, a new automatic approach for detection of in vivo volatile metabolites emitted from foodborne pathogens was proposed by coupling solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique with a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-QTOFMS). A novel polymer composite based SPME probe which possessed high-coverage of microbial metabolites was utilized in this contribution to realize the sensitive extraction of untargeted metabolites. As a result, a total of 126 in vivo metabolites generated by the investigated pathogens were detected and identified, with 33, 29, 25, 21 and 18 volatile metabolites belonging to Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Multivariate statistical analyses were applied for further analysis of metabolic data and separation of responsive metabolic features among different microbial systems were found, which were also successfully verified in foodstuffs contaminated by microorganisms. The growth trend of the potential volatile markers of each pathogen in food samples kept consistent with that of the pure strain incubated in medium during the whole incubation time. This study promotes the application of SPME technology in microbial volatile metabolomics and contributes to the development of new approaches for foodborne pathogens recognition.

A fluorescence biosensor for Salmonella typhimurium detection in food based on the nano-self-assembly of alendronic acid modified upconversion and gold nanoparticles.

A simple and quick-response fluorescent biosensor for Salmonella typhimurium detection based on the recognition of an aptamer coupled with alendronic acid (ADA)@upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been developed. Briefly, the aptamer can adsorb on the surfaces of the AuNPs via a "Au-S" bond to protect the AuNPs from aggregation in highly concentrated salt solution. Then, the AuNPs and UCNPs are linked by electrostatic adsorption, which leads to a decrease in the fluorescence peak at 541 nm based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the UCNPs and AuNPs. In the presence of Salmonella typhimurium, the "Au-S" bond was broken, and the fluorescence intensity at 541 nm was recovered. Under optimal conditions, the correlation between the concentration of S. typhimurium and the intensity of the fluorescent biosensor signals was observed to be linear within the range of 1.16 × 102 to 1.16 × 107 CFU mL-1 (R2 = 0.9912), and the detection limit of the developed biosensor was observed to be 36 CFU mL-1. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully used to detect the Salmonella typhimurium pathogen in food samples with satisfactory results.

Application of Short Pre-enrichment, and Double Chemistry Real-Time PCR, Combining Fluorescent Probes and an Intercalating Dye, for Same-Day Detection and Confirmation of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157 in Ground Beef and Chicken Samples.

Molecular methods, particularly those based on real-time PCR (qPCR), have become a popular approach to detect pathogens in food samples. This technique may take advantage of hydrolysis fluorescent probes for increased specificity. Even though suitable, this approach loses the capacity of performing result confirmation by melt curve analysis. In the current study, we developed an alternative approach, combining fluorescent probes along with an intercalating dye (SYBR Green) in order to simultaneously detect, and confirm the result, of two foodborne pathogens (Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157). This new approach named double chemistry qPCR was combined with a short pre-enrichment in order to obtain a multiplex “same-day” detection method for the selected pathogens. The evaluation of the novel method in spiked food samples (ground beef and chicken breast) obtained values of relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy higher than 95%, and Cohen’s kappa of 0.92, with a Limit of Detection95 below 5 cfu/25 g, demonstrating its reliability. In addition to this, the method was challenged by inoculating heat-stressed bacteria as well as dead ones. It was observed that it was also possible to detect stressed bacteria with an initial inoculation level below 10 cfu/25 g. Also, it was noticed that high initial concentration of either pathogen (higher than 104 cfu/25 g) was needed in order to generate false positive results due to the presence of dead bacteria, thus the method presents potential for its application in the specific detection of live microorganisms.

Differentiation of stx1A gene for detection of Escherichia coli serotype O157: H7 and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in food samples using high resolution melting curve analysis.

Escherichia coli serotype O157: H7 and Shigella dysenteriae type 1 as the Shiga toxin‐producing bacteria cause some acute gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases such as hemorrhagic uremic syndrome and bloody diarrhea in human. Stx genes are the key virulence factors in these pathogens. The aim of this study was to develop HRMA assay to differentiate stx1A gene for detection of E. coli serotype O157: H7 and Sh. dysenteriae type 1 and determine the prevalence of these pathogens in food samples using this method. PCR‐HRMA assay and gold standard methods have been carried out for identification of pathogens among 135 different food samples. We found HRMA method a sensitive and specific assay (100 and 100%, respectively) for differentiation of stx1A gene, consequently, detection of these pathogens in food samples. Also, the highest prevalence of E. coli serotype O157: H7 and Sh. dysenteriae type 1 harboring stx1A gene was observed in raw milk and vegetable salad samples, respectively. HRMA as a rapid, inexpensive, sensitive and specific method is suggested to be used for differentiation of stx1A gene to detect E. coli serotype O157: H7 and Sh. dysenteriae type 1 as the key pathogens for safety evaluation of food samples.

MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION AND PERILOUS EFFECTS OF FOOD SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM FOOD VENDORS NEAR ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONAL AREAS OF DEHRADUN CITY

Food supplies from the vendors near the academic institutional areas over the home made food serves as one of the significant and major source of daily nutritional substitute for the most of the population. This population majorly includes students, staffs and faculties as a result of hectic schedules. This eventually leads to the outbreak of much food-borne illness due to consumption of such contaminated non-homemade food items. The current study illustrates qualitative, quantitative and pathogenic impact of of foods consumed on the daily bases by the customers. The food items like Momos, spring rolls, bun tikki, sandwiches, patties, samosa, Thukpa, chowmein, pastry and bread pakoda in the most commonly consumed food items of vendor shops near academic institutions in areas of Prem nagar, Nanda ki chowki, Mazhon, Suddhowala, Manduwala, Navgaon, Jhajhra, Dhoolkot mafi, Singhniwala and Selaqui of Dehradun city were examined respectively, according to their maximum sale. The various parameters used for examination of test samples were Total Coliform Count, presence of Yeast and Mould and pathogens such as E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella gastroenteritis, and Staphylococcus aureus like pathogenic organisms were found to be considerably hazardous. Further antibiotic sensitivity test showed, E.coli was found to be highly sensitive to Chloramphenicol and Streptomycin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was found to be highly sensitive to Streptomycin and Rifampicin. Salmonella gastroenteritis, was found to be highly sensitive to Chloramphenicol and Amipicillin. S. aureus was found to be sensitive to all the antibiotics tested to Tetracycline, Rifampicin and Streptomycin. The current study highlights the presence of highest number of total bacterial count, coliform count and E.coli pathogen in food samples of Suddhowala, however Mazhon, Prem nagar and Manduwala also showed total presence of coliform and E.coli pathogen in their food samples whereas Yeast & Molds were found to be present in sandwiches and pastry in areas of Suddhowala and Singhniwala respectively however the presence of pathogens E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella gastroenteritis, and Staphylococcus aureus were reported in samples of chowmein, samosa, bread pakoda and spring roll respectively found in various available food vendors in Dhoolkot mafi, Navgaon, Selaqui and Nanda ki chowki. Therefore, this data suggest that awareness and training programs for food vendor and consumers is required to be developed by government sector and consider the preventive measures to ensure quality and safe food for the consumers.

Rapid detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens using visual high‐throughput microfluidic chip

AbstractBACKGROUNDFoodborne diseases are a major global public health concern. It is urgent to monitor foodborne pathogens from contaminated foods based on multi‐target detection.RESULTSIn this work, a self‐priming compartmentalization (SPC) microdevice made of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was developed and integrated into a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system for performing high‐throughput visual detection. The microfluidic chip is a self‐filling microwell array which can introduce reaction solution only through an access hole in a vacuum pumping system. The independent and closed wells can avoid cross‐contamination and ensure the accuracy of the results. The approach was able to perform the simultaneous identification of six foodborne pathogens (Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes) within 1 h. The results demonstrated that the method could specifically recognize the six foodborne pathogens.CONCLUSIONThe use of a LAMP‐based microdevice can be a faster alternative to conventional methods to detect pathogens in food samples, especially for those foods in which no pathogen is allowed (S. aureus), or foods for infant use. The simplicity and portability of the device can provide an alternative platform for foodborne pathogens where food safety needs accurate and timely detection confirmation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry