Path Ability Research Articles

A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation-based node-disjoint multi-path routing for wireless sensor networks

How to establish node-disjoint paths is the key issue in multi-path routing of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a node-disjoint multi-path protocol based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (MPFCE) is proposed. In the protocol, the mediate nodes selectively forwards the RREQs from the source based on the path ID and the path ability. The path ability, which is calculated based on the energy mean, the energy variance, the hop count and the retransmission number by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, reflects the energy efficiency and quality of service (QoS). Finally, the RREQ arrived at the destination contains a node-disjoint path. The simulations demonstrate that the energy consumption of MPFCE is 60-70% of HENDMR and TinyONDMR; and the transmission delay of transmitting one packet in MPFCE is about 95% of TinyONDMR and HENDMR. Moreover, the overheads used in establishing multiple paths are also less than the other protocols.

A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation-based node-disjoint multi-path routing for wireless sensor networks

How to establish node-disjoint paths is the key issue in multi-path routing of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a node-disjoint multi-path protocol based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (MPFCE) is proposed. In the protocol, the mediate nodes selectively forwards the RREQs from the source based on the path ID and the path ability. The path ability, which is calculated based on the energy mean, the energy variance, the hop count and the retransmission number by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, reflects the energy efficiency and quality of service (QoS). Finally, the RREQ arrived at the destination contains a node-disjoint path. The simulations demonstrate that the energy consumption of MPFCE is 60-70% of HENDMR and TinyONDMR; and the transmission delay of transmitting one packet in MPFCE is about 95% of TinyONDMR and HENDMR. Moreover, the overheads used in establishing multiple paths are also less than the other protocols.

A multi-path mechanism for reliable VoIP transmission over wireless networks

With the advances in audio encoding standards and wireless access networks, voice over IP (VoIP) is becoming quite popular. However, real-time voice data over lossy networks (such as WLAN and UMTS), still posses several challenging problems because of the adverse effects caused by complex network dynamics. One approach to provide QoS for VoIP applications over the wireless networks is to use multiple paths to deliver VoIP data destined for a particular receiver. This paper introduced cmpSCTP, a transport layer solution for concurrent multi-path transfer that modifies the standard stream control transmission protocol (SCTP). The cmpSCTP aims at exploiting SCTP's multi-homing capability by selecting several best paths among multiple available network interfaces to improve data transfer rate to the same multi-homed device. Through the use of path monitoring and packet allotment techniques, cmpSCTP tries to transmit an amount of packets corresponding to the path's ability. At the same time, cmpSCTP updates the transmission strategy based on the real-time information of all of paths. Using cmpSCTP's flexible path management capability, we may switch the flow between multiple paths automatically to realize seamless path handover. The theoretical analysis evaluated the model of cmpSCTP and formulated optimal traffic fragmentation of VoIP data. Extensive simulations under different scenarios using OPNET verified that cmpSCTP can effectively enhance VoIP transmission efficiency and highlighted the superiority of cmpSCTP against the other SCTP's extension implementations under performance indexes such as throughput, handover latency, packet delay, and packet loss.