Past Temperature Changes Research Articles

Multi-proxy reconstructions of paleotemperature in the southern South China Sea since the last deglaciation

The accuracy of paleothermometers is a prerequisite for understanding the past sea surface temperature (SST) changes in the tropical seas. Here, we analyzed the SST estimates reconstructed by four lipid proxies with common linear and newly advanced models in parallel in a sediment core collected from the southern South China Sea (SCS). After excluding the impact of terrestrial input, all of the four proxies-inferred SSTs displayed a gradually warming pattern since 18.3 ka. Our long-chain alkenones-derived annual SST at seawater depth of 0–30 m (SST 0–30 m) record closely matched the regional synthetic SST record from the entire southern SCS, corresponding to high-latitude climate events during the deglaciation. The temperatures reconstructed by long-chain diols (LCDs) showed an upper limit of 27 °C, and we thus proposed that they reflected the optimal survival temperature for organisms producing LCDs when SST was higher than 27 °C. Isoprenoid and hydroxy glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (iGDGTs and OH-GDGTs)-derived temperatures likely reflected the subsurface temperature (subT) at seawater depth of 30–125 m and SST towards the warm season in the tropical sea, respectively.

Relation between soil glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and temperature in different climatic regions in China

AbstractTemperature variation in the past periods can provide valuable insights into the characteristics and driving mechanisms of current global warming and future changes. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are commonly used to as a temperature proxy to quantitatively reconstruct past temperature changes. However, it still remains unclear whether the relation between brGDGTs and temperature is influenced by other environmental factors, thereby affecting the accuracy of quantitative reconstructions. A comprehensive analysis of the relation between brGDGTs and temperature across various climate regions can greatly enhance the accuracy of reconstructing past temperature changes. Here, we investigate the distribution patterns of soil brGDGTs using 28 new topsoils collected from altitudes ranging from 2100 to 4000 m.a.s.l. in the Hengduan Mountains in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), compiled previously published soil brGDGT data in China. Our results reveal distinct distribution patterns of soil brGDGTs between humid and arid regions. Furthermore, we further investigated the correlation between brGDGT indices and various environmental factors from both altitudinal and regional scales. At the altitudinal scale, brGDGT indices exhibit a stronger correlation with mean annual air temperature (MAAT) in alkaline soils (pH > 7) than that in acidic soils (pH < 7). At the regional scale, this correlation is higher in alkaline soils than that in acidic soils as well and is stronger in humid soils (mean annual precipitation [MAP] > 800 mm) than that in semi‐humid and semi‐arid soil (400 < MAP < 800 mm) and arid soil (MAP < 400 mm). In addition, brGDGT‐inferred temperature is more affected by MAP in humid alkaline soils but less affected in humid acidic soils. Therefore, caution is needed to use suitable brGDGT index for palaeotemperature reconstructions in various climate regions.

Late Holocene climate dynamics in the Azores archipelago

The location of the Azores Archipelago makes this group of islands an excellent setting for investigating past long-term temperature and precipitation changes in the central North Atlantic region. Here, we present a chironomid-based quantitative temperature reconstruction and a record of oxygen isotope composition of chironomid head capsules for the last ca. 1200 years, based on the Lake Prata core (São Miguel Island, Azores). Chironomids from Lake Prata show that the temperature trend is aligned with the prevailing past global temperature trends, indicating warming during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; ca. 950–1300 CE) and subsequent cooling during the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1300–1800 CE). Furthermore, changes in lake water oxygen isotope composition from chironomid head capsules were recorded with more positive δ18O values (18.2 ± 0.2‰) during the MCA and more negative values (varying between 14.8‰ and 17.6‰) during the LIA, indicating a positive shift in the precipitation-evaporation balance and/or heavier precipitation in winter relative to summer. Our study revealed that, in subtropical regions with a temperate oceanic climate and low thermal variation, there is a limited correlation between the isotopic composition of precipitation and temperature. Additionally, the temporal sequence of oxygen isotope values obtained from chironomid head capsules closely corresponds to variations in precipitation seasonality inferred from distinct climatic proxies. This consistency underscores the robustness of quantitative reconstructions and indicates that δ18Ochironomid records are promising for future investigations, especially in the context of lakes located on oceanic islands characterised by limited thermal variability.

First Pediastrum–temperature transfer function and its application to mid-to-late Holocene reconstruction in Central Asia

The green alga Pediastrum is an ecologically significant component of freshwater ecosystems, but its potential as an independent proxy for quantitative paleoenvironmental reconstruction is relatively unexplored. Here we use multivariate statistical analysis to explore the relationship between the Pediastrum composition of lake surface sediments and environmental variables. The findings highlight the mean growing season air temperature between March and October (TMar-Oct) as the most important factor determining the Pediastrum composition. We then establish the first transfer function between the Pediastrum taxa and TMar-Oct, which enables us to provide a quantitative temperature reconstruction for the past ∼8.2 kyr based on sedimentary subfossil Pediastrum records from Bosten Lake in Xinjiang, China. Our findings reveal an exceptionally warm climate during ∼4.8–3.6 kyr, with temperatures ∼4 °C higher compared to those during ∼8.2–4.8 kyr. This unusually warm climate is verified by the carbonate clumped isotopes record of the same core and other paleoclimate records. These findings contribute to our understanding of past temperature changes in Central Asia and provide a basis for future research on long-term lake ecosystem dynamics under past climatic warming.

Evaluating isoprenoidal hydroxylated GDGT-based temperature proxies in surface sediments from the global ocean

Recently developed temperature proxies based on hydroxylated isoprenoid Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (OH-isoGDGTs), such as %OH, RI-OH, RI-OH′ and OHC, have shown potential for reconstructing past temperature changes. However, progress has been limited by the lack of a global core-top calibration with ample geographical coverage. Here, we compile an extensive global surface sediment dataset of OH-isoGDGTs as well as regular isoprenoid GDGTs (isoGDGTs), with both data generated at NIOZ (n = 575) and previously published data from other laboratories (n = 297). We find interlaboratory differences for proxy indices that incorporate both OH-isoGDGTs and regular isoGDGTs, indicating that care must be taken in compiling large GDGT datasets from multiple laboratories. Our results confirm a strong temperature signal in the isoGDGT distribution, especially for OH-isoGDGT-0 and non-hydroxylated isoGDGTs, but also reveal that water depth might have an impact on the distribution of OH-isoGDGTs with 1 and 2 cyclopentane moieties. This will affect the RI-OH and RI-OH′ indices, particularly in tropical regions, where OH-isoGDGT-0 occurs at low abundance. We explore new proxy indices that combine the temperature dependence of both isoGDGT and OH-isoGDGT distributions and propose the use of TEX86OH, which includes OH-isoGDGT-0 in the denominator of the TEX86 index. This modification leads to a much higher temperature sensitivity of the index, especially in regions with annual mean sea surface temperatures between 5 and 15 °C. Application of this novel paleothermometer to a polar sediment core suggests that this proxy is likely to result in more reliable temperature reconstructions in polar regions where OH-isoGDGTs are abundant.

A frequency-optimised temperature record for the Holocene

Existing global mean surface temperature reconstructions for the Holocene lack high-frequency variability that is essential for contextualising recent trends and extremes in the Earth’s climate system. Here, we isolate and recombine archive-specific climate signals to generate a frequency-optimised record of interannual to multi-millennial temperature changes for the past 12 000 years. Average temperatures before ∼8000 years BP and after ∼4000 years BP were 0.26 (±2.84) °C and 0.07 (±2.11) °C cooler than the long-term mean (0–12 000 years BP), while the Holocene Climate Optimum ∼7000–4000 years BP was 0.40 (±1.86) °C warmer. Biased towards Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures, our multi-proxy record captures the spectral properties of transient Earth system model simulations for the same spatial and season domain. The new frequency-optimised trajectory emphasises the importance and complex interplay of natural climate forcing factors throughout the Holocene, with an approximation of the full range of past temperature changes providing novel insights for policymakers addressing the risks of recent anthropogenic warming.

Multi-Level Modelling of Global Warming Based on Machine Learning Algorithms

Today, abnormally high temperatures around the world are a wake-up call for global warming. Global warming is a problem that needs to be addressed urgently. In order to assess past temperature changes, this paper constructs indicators of data growth rates over a certain period of time. Firstly, this paper analyses the changes in growth rates after 1800. In addition, this study uses the Mann-Kendall method to determine the trend of the growth rate, and the ridge regression model, ARIMA model, and LSTM model are constructed to predict the future temperature change, respectively. The results show that the LSTM model is the most reliable, whereas the ARIMA model is only suitable for short-term forecasts due to the lack of a follow-up dataset and is less effective in predicting global temperatures below 20°C. The results of the ARIMA model are summarised as follows, with polynomial fitting results being affected by the extremes of the data, and performing the worst. The results show that the temperature will reach 20°C around 2310 and within 2398~2439 according to the ridge regression model and LSTM model, respectively.

Prediction Of Global Temperature Based on ARIMA And GM Model

Global temperatures have risen rapidly in recent decades .In order to find the rising trend of global temperature, this paper establishes ARIMA model and GM model to fit the past temperature changes and predict the future temperature trend. The results showed that the global average temperature will reach 23.55 °C by 2050. Then through the evaluation index SSE, it is judged that the ARIMA ( 0,1,2 ) model hasthe best prediction effect.

Reconstruction of Past Antarctic Temperature Using Present Seasonal δ18O–Inversion Layer Temperature: Unified Slope Equations and Applications

Abstract Reconstructing the history of polar temperature from ice core water isotope (δ18O) calibration has remained a challenge in paleoclimate research, because of our incomplete understanding of various temperature–δ18O relationships. This paper resolves this classical problem in a new framework called the unified slope equations (USE), which illustrates the general relations among spatial and temporal δ18O–surface temperature slopes. The USE is applied to the Antarctica temperature change during the last deglaciation in model simulations and observations. It is shown that the comparable Antarctica-mean spatial slope with deglacial temporal slope in δ18O–surface temperature reconstruction is caused, accidentally, by the compensation responses between the δ18O–inversion layer temperature relation and the inversion layer temperature itself. Furthermore, in light of the USE, we propose that the present seasonal slope of δ18O–inversion layer temperature is an optimal paleothermometer that is more accurate and robust than the spatial slope. This optimal slope suggests the possibility of reconstructing past Antarctic temperature changes using present and future instrumental observations. Significance Statement This paper develops a new framework called the unified slope equations (USE) to provide, for the first time, a general relation among various spatial and temporal water isotope–temperature slopes. The application of the USE to Antarctic deglacial temperature change shows that the optimal paleothermometer is the seasonal slope of the inversion layer temperature.

Precipitation trends (1958–2021) on Ammassalik island, south-east Greenland

Along with Arctic warming, climate models project a strong increase in Arctic precipitation in the 21st century as well as an increase in the ratio of liquid to total precipitation. In the precipitation-rich region of south-east Greenland, precipitation changes could locally have significant impacts on runoff. However, climate data are sparse in this remote region. This study focuses on improving our understanding of the past precipitation changes on Ammassalik island in south-east Greenland between 1958 and 2021. To assess past changes in air temperature at 2-meter and precipitation, output from a regional polar climate model (RACMO2.3p2) is evaluated with measurements from automatic weather stations in Tasiilaq and on Mittivakkat glacier. In addition, RACMO2.3p2 is used to assess past seasonal changes in air temperature at 2-meter, precipitation amount, precipitation phase and the altitude of the rain/snow boundary. We find that the climate model accurately represents the monthly average observed air temperature at 2-meter. While total precipitation is overestimated, interannual variability of precipitation is properly captured. We report a significant increase of summer temperature at 2-meter of +0.3°C/decade (p<0.01) at Mittivakkat glacier and +0.2°C/decade (p<0.01) in Tasiilaq in 1958–2021. For the subperiod 1990–2019, the trend in annual averages of temperature at 2-meter in Tasiilaq (+0.8°C/decade, p=0.02) corresponds well to known temperature trends on the Greenland Ice Sheet within the same period. On Mittivakkat glacier a significant trend is not detected within this subperiod (+0.2°C/decade, p=0.25). The modelled liquid precipitation ratio on Ammassalik island increased in all summer months (1958–2015) by +2.0/+1.9/+1.8%/decade in June/July/August respectively. In July and August, these trends were stronger at higher elevations. No statistical evidence is found for trends in other seasons. We also identify monthly increases in the altitude of the rain-to-snow boundary (+25/+23/+20 m/decade in July/August/September respectively).

Depth related variation of isoprenoid and hydroxylated tetraether lipids in Lake Lugu, Southwest China: Implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

Archaeal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) and their hydroxylated derivatives (OH-GDGTs) have been increasingly applied to reconstruct past changes in lake temperature and lake-level using down-core sediments. However, a detailed examination of the distribution pattern of iso- and OH-GDGTs in lacustrine sediments is so far limited. To investigate the controls on the sedimentary GDGT distribution in lakes, we examined the archaeal GDGT distribution in surface sediments at different water depths from Lake Lugu, a deep alpine lake in southwest China. Our aim is to determine their distribution, sources and controlling factors. Based on the significant correlations between iso- and OH-GDGTs in deep-water sediments (> 20 m), we suggest that the main biological source of archaeal GDGTs in surface sediments is aquatic Group I.1a Thaumarchaeota (Nitrosoarchaeum). The depth-related variation of iso- and OH-GDGTs indicates that water depth is the main factor affecting the distribution of archaeal GDGTs in Lake Lugu, reflecting that Thaumarchaeota prefer to live in the deeper layer above the oxycline. This relationship leads to a positive correlation between %Cren, %OH-GDGTs, and Cren/Cren’ with water depth, confirming their potential application for paleo-lake level reconstruction. Our study improves the understanding of the factors that control the archaeal GDGTs in a deep alpine lake and suggest that they might be used as lake-level indicators.

Integrative analysis in Pinus revealed long-term heat stress splicing memory.

Due to the current climate change, many studies have described main drivers in abiotic stress. Recent findings suggest that alternative splicing (AS) has a critical role in controlling plant responses to high temperature. AS is a mechanism that allows organisms to create an assortment of RNA transcripts and proteins using a single gene. However, the most important roles of AS in stress could not be rigorously addressed because research has been focused on model species, covering only a narrow phylogenetic and lifecycle spectrum. Thus, AS degree of diversification among more dissimilar taxa in heat response is still largely unknown. To fill this gap, the present study employs a systems biology approach to examine how the AS landscape responds to and 'remembers' heat stress in conifers, a group which has received little attention even though their position can solve key evolutionary questions. Contrary to angiosperms, we found that potential intron retention may not be the most prevalent type of AS. Furthermore, our integrative analysis with metabolome and proteome data places splicing as the main source of variation during the response. Finally, we evaluated possible acquired long-term splicing memory in a diverse subset of events, and although this mechanism seems to be conserved in seed plants, AS dynamics are divergent. These discoveries reveal the particular way of remembering past temperature changes in long-lived plants and open the door to include species with unique features to determine the extent of conservation in gene expression regulation.

The Contribution of Vegetation‐Climate Feedback and Resultant Sea Ice Loss to Amplified Arctic Warming During the Mid‐Holocene

AbstractUnderstanding influence of vegetation on past temperature changes in the Arctic region would help isolate uncertainty and build understanding of its broader climate system, with implications for paleoclimate reconstructions and future climate change. Using an Earth system model EC‐Earth, we conduct a series of simulations to investigate the impact of vegetation‐climate feedback on the Arctic climate during the mid‐Holocene. Results show Arctic greening induced by the warming resulting from stronger orbital forcing, further amplifies the Arctic warming. The increased vegetation contributes 0.33°C of Arctic warming and 0.35 × 106 km2 of Arctic sea ice loss. Increased Arctic vegetation leads to reduced land surface albedo and increased evapotranspiration, both of which cause local warming in spring and summer. The resultant sea ice loss causes warming in the following seasons, with atmospheric circulation anomalies further amplifying the warming. Our results highlight the significant contribution of vegetation‐climate feedback to Arctic climate under natural conditions.

Group 1 phylogeny and alkenone distributions in a freshwater volcanic lake of northeastern China: Implications for paleotemperature reconstructions

Long-chain alkenones (LCAs) produced by Group 1 Isochrysidales from freshwater lakes feature a highly specific profile with almost the same abundances of two C37 tri-unsaturated alkenone isomers. Their unsaturation ratios have been proposed to have great potential for cold-season paleotemperature reconstructions. However, recent study based on the next-generation sequencing has found that there is high level of genetic diversity in Group 1 Isochrysidales, with two main subclades Groups 1a and 1b. It is still unclear whether variable mixtures of different Group 1 subclades can significantly affect the LCA-based paleotemperature proxies in freshwater lake sediment records. Here we investigated LCA distributions and haptophyte-specific 18S rRNA sequences from a sediment core in Tuofengling Tianchi (a freshwater volcanic lake) of northeastern China using a combination of lipid biomarker and next-generation sequencing analyses. We recover 386 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from the studied sediment samples, 11 of which are affiliated with the LCA-producing Isochrysidales. Our phylogenetic analysis identifies that all LCA-producing Isochrysidales belong to Group 1 phylotype (Groups 1a and 1b subclades included), with Group 1a being the dominant subclade in most samples. The phylotype is strongly supported by the LCA evidence of two C37 tri-unsaturated alkenone isomers, with RIK37 (ratio of isomeric ketones of C37 chain length) of ∼ 0.57–0.60. Groups 1a and 1b in our sediment core display significant downcore variations in the relative abundances, with Group 1a ranging from 32% to 100%. However, such highly variable mixtures are not a dominant factor in affecting the values of LCA-based on temperature proxies (U37K, U38KEt, and R3b) in our sediment core. Our study provides the sedimentary evidence that Group 1 LCAs elude species-mixing effects and highlight the potential importance of Group 1 LCAs from freshwater lakes in quantitatively reconstructing past temperature changes.

Errors in Simple Climate Model Emulations of Past and Future Global Temperature Change

AbstractClimate model emulators are widely used to generate temperature projections for climate scenarios, including in the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report. Here we evaluate the performance of a two‐layer energy balance model in emulating historical and future temperature projections from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models. We find that emulation errors can be large (>0.5°C for SSP2‐4.5) and differ markedly between climate models, forcing scenarios and time periods. Errors arise in emulating the near‐surface temperature response to both greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing; in some periods the errors due to these forcings oppose one another, giving the spurious impression of better emulator performance. Climate feedbacks are assumed constant in the emulator, introducing time‐varying or state dependent feedbacks may reduce prediction errors. Close emulations can be produced for a given period but, crucially, this does not guarantee reliable emulations of other scenarios and periods. Therefore, rigorous out‐of‐sample evaluation is necessary to characterize emulator performance.

Influence of water conditions on peat brGDGTs: A modern investigation and its paleoclimatic implications

Peat brGDGTs (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids) have been proposed as an indicator of past temperature changes. However, recent Chinese peat brGDGTs-based Holocene temperature ranges, of >10 °C, are implausible as they are greater than the corresponding ranges obtained using other proxies. This indicates the possible role of additional factor(s) affecting peat brGDGTs, other than temperature. Here, we report the results of a comparative study of surface peat samples, from dry sites (without water cover when sampling) and water sites (with water cover when sampling), from three peatlands with contrasting environmental backgrounds in China. The results clearly demonstrate the influence of water conditions on the molecular distribution of peat brGDGTs. Specifically, the relevant methylation index (MBT′/MBT′5ME, which is proposed as a temperature indicator) of brGDGTs from the water sites is generally lower than that from the dry sites, which may be caused by the decoupling of water/air temperatures and/or different brGDGTs-producing bacterial communities controlled by the water conditions. Considering the long-term process of hydroseral succession from a water body (an analogue of a water site) to a peat bog (an analogue of a dry site), we estimate that around half of the range of the peat brGDGTs-based Holocene temperature record could result from long-term changes in hydrological conditions. If this effect is removed from the peat core MBT′5ME record, the residual range of the peat brGDGTs-based Holocene temperature record from the Narenxia peatland in the Altai Mountains, in arid inland China, is consistent with that of the quantitative pollen-based Holocene temperature record from the same peatland, highlighting the paleoclimatic significance of our findings.

Errors in simple climate model emulations of past and future global temperature change

Errors in simple climate model emulations of past and future global temperature change

Cosmogenic 10Be constraints on deglacial snowline rise in the Southern Alps, New Zealand

Geochronological dating of glacial landforms, such as terminal and lateral moraines, is useful for determining the extent and timing of past glaciation and for reconstructing the magnitude and rate of past climate changes. In the Southern Alps of New Zealand, well-dated glacial geomorphological records constrain the last glacial cycle across much of the Waitaki River basin (e.g. Ōhau, Pukaki, Tekapo) but its southern sector such as the Ahuriri River valley remains comparatively unconstrained. Recently, there has been debate on the scale and rapidity of mountain glacier retreat during the last glacial termination, particularly the 20–17 ka period in New Zealand. Missing from this debate is well-constrained equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) and associated temperature reconstructions, particularly over the period around 17 ka, which can help us to develop a more complete picture of how past temperature changes drove glacier retreat. Here we report the first glacial chronology dataset from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation from the Ahuriri River valley, Southern Alps, New Zealand (44°23′54″S, 169°39′48″E) based on 38 beryllium-10 (10Be) surface-exposure ages from terminal moraine systems and glaciated bedrock situated at the lower and middle sections of the valley. Our results show that the former Ahuriri Glacier reached its maximum extent at 19.8 ± 0.3 ka, which coincides with the global Last Glacial Maximum. By 16.7 ± 0.3 ka, the glacier had retreat ∼18 km up-valley suggesting at least ∼43% glacier-length loss relative to its full LGM extent. This deglaciation was accompanied by the formation of a shallow proglacial lake. Using the accumulation area ratio (AAR) method, we estimate that the ELA was lower than present by ∼880 m (∼1120 m a.s.l.) at 19.8 ± 0.3 ka, and ∼770 m lower (∼1230 m a.s.l.) at 16.7 ± 0.3 ka. Applying an estimate for temperature lapse rate, this ELA anomaly implies that local air temperature was 5 ± 1 °C colder than present (1981–2010) at 19.8 ± 0.3 ka, while it was 4.4 ± 0.9 °C colder at 16.7 ± 0.3 ka, assuming no change in precipitation. The substantial glacier retreat in response to a relatively small accompanying increases in ELA (110 m) and temperature (0.6 °C) may have been a result of the high glacier-length sensitivity of this glacier system due to its low gradient of former ice surface. Our low warming estimate differs markedly from other deglaciation studies, specifically from Rakaia River valley, which reports a much larger temperature increase at the onset of the last deglaciation. This precisely-dated moraine record along with reconstructed ELA as proxies for atmospheric conditions, provides new insight into post LGM glacier behaviour and climate conditions in New Zealand.

Climate adaptation of pre-Viking societies

Understanding how the Viking societies were impacted by past climate variability and how they adapted to it has hardly been investigated. Here, we have carried out a new multi-proxy investigation of lake sediments, including geochemical and palynological analyses, to reconstruct past changes in temperature and agricultural practices of pre-Viking and Viking societies in Southeastern Norway during the period between 200 and 1300 CE. The periods 200–300 and 800–1300 CE were warmer than the 300–800 CE period, which is known as the “Dark Ages Cold Period”. This cold period was punctuated by century-scale more temperate intervals, which were dominated by the cultivation of cereals and hemp (before 280 CE, 420–480 CE, 580–700 CE, and after 800 CE). In between, cold intervals were dominated by livestock farming. Our results demonstrate that the pre-Viking societies changed their agricultural strategy in response to climate variability during the Late Antiquity.

Natural and anthropogenic impacts reflected by paleoclimate proxy parameters in a lake-forest system in Bukovina, Romania

The research area is located in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. This region is rich in various formations and indicates significant potential for paleo-environmental reconstruction. The present research was carried out on sediment cores collected at lake Bolătău-Feredeu, Feredeului Mountains (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). Preliminary examination of the sediment confirmed the possibility for data analysis with high temporal resolution. The aim of the research was to clarify and supplement the findings of previous research at this site, to explore the relationships between proxy parameters and to elucidate the cause for the changes. Core dating was carried out using 210Pb and radiocarbon isotopes and indicated that sediment cores span the past 500 years. The research uses a wide range of methodologies, including organic geochemistry with calculated n alkane indices (Phw and Pwax). Based on these proxies, the changes of woody and herbaceous coverage in the catchment can be estimated. Moreover, element concentration, weathering indices and particle size distribution assist to detect climate changes in the catchment area. The data and conclusions yielded by the analysis were compared with the regional modelled temperature profile, based on which five periods were separated. In addition to natural and anthropogenic events, the main factor among the natural processes is the change in annual temperature. Based on the obtained data, several parameters were found to be suitable for monitoring past temperature changes.