PASTIS Research Articles

Power Dynamics in the Evolution of Blockchain

In this paper, drawing on past IS research on how IT affects power dynamics in organization and networks, we focus on blockchain technologies. After describing and analyzing two mini-cases of blockchain creation and use, we critically discuss the power of all actors involved: blockchain code, creators, developers, maintainers, institutional forces and users. We therefore contribute to the literature on the governance of blockchain creation and use in organizations and networks. We do so by exploring the power dynamics among key socio-technical actors involved in significant decision-making processes in the early lifecycle stages of blockchain. The insights gain from this exploratory study support prior literature that indicates that developers may sit in a privileged position in blockchain ecosystems, while also demonstrating the unique power dynamics among other socio-technical actors present. By contrasting these dynamics with those found in other technologies, e.g., ERP and AI, we help to expose the unique power dynamics that exist in these blockchain-enabled decentralized settings. Potential avenues for future theoretical testing and development, as well as practical implications for managers or organizations engaging with emerging blockchain technologies are provided.

The Aanalysis on Asymmetric Temporal Denotations of qian and hou in Modern Mandarin: Based on Lakoff & Johnson (1999)’s Theory on the Metaphorical Orientation of Time

In Modern Mandarin, qian denotes the past as well as the future, whereas the temporal denotations of hou tends to be the future. This work investigates how and why the distribution of temporal denotations of direction nouns qian and hou shows such asymmetry, based on the notion of metaphorical orientation of time (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, 1999). Our corpus study shows that qian and hou are not associated with MOVING TIME metaphor, contrasting the findings from previous works. Rather qian and hou are shown to be frequently associated with the prototypical metaphor for time, i.e., TIME ORIENTATION metaphor: in THE PAST IS IN FRONT OF EGO, qian denotes the past, and hou denotes the future; in THE PAST IS BEHIND EGO, qian denotes the future, and hou denotes the past. We further argue that qian and hou inherently denote static spatial notion, and thus it is naturally expected that these direction nouns are not used as MOVING TIME metaphor in which time is considered as a moving object. In our corpus analysis, only qian, but not a single instance of hou, was found to be associated with MOVING EGO metaphor, an extended system from THE PAST IS BEHIND EGO. This difference results in hou’s tendency of having a much fewer instances of the past denotation than qian. Such phenomenon is expected because on THE MOVING EGO system, the ego’s natural observation and description of the environment would involve forward scene rather than backward scene while moving along the path on the time axis towards the future.

Comparative Study of Design of Over Head Water Tanks for Capacity of 100 kL to 300 kL using Recent Past IS 3370

An elevated reservoir is mostly used to store, liquid products like water, petroleum, and other types of chemicals, which require some static head to provide kinetic energy for flow. Except for the durability aspect, design load calculation of various reservoirs is similar regardless of the chemical aggressiveness. In general, water-retaining structures have been designed as crack-free structure to avoid any sort of outflow. As per the observation from the field, the overhead water tanks were designed continuously using the old Indian Standard codes (IS 3370: 1965 (Part 1 to 2), IS 1893: 1984 (Part 1) and IS 875: 1987 (Part 3)). In order to understand the variation in design due to amendments in Indian Standard (IS 3370: 2021 (Part-1 to 2), IS 1893: 2014 (Part-2), IS 875: 2015 (Part-3) in past few years, it is necessary to do comparative study of design of elevated reservoirs for different capacity. This study is an attempt to compare the design provisions based on different design philosophies i.e. WSM (IS: 3370 (1965) and LSM (IS: 3370 (2021). In this paper, variation in reinforcement quantity in different elements of double domed elevated reservoir has been estimated for 100 kL to 300 kL capacity for seismic zone-III and for wind speed 39 m/sec. A design program has been prepared for the design calculations of overhead water tanks using MS excel for different capacity and distinctive IS codal provisions. Comparison of results using different design philosophies has raised the need for retrofitting of various elements of existing water tanks.

(In)authentic Tourist Attractions: How Chinese Tourists Perceive Russian “Fakelore”

The study investigates the concept of authenticity empirically as constructed by Chinese tourists when they visit tourist attractions in Russia with distinct ethnic or local attributes. The corpus of tourists’ reviews has been examined, using a corpus-assisted methodology supported by Wmatrix. A linguistic level of authenticity representation appears to be only a source domain for the conceptual construction of authenticity. Chinese tourists reflect on outer ‘objective’ attributes of authenticity to construct an authenticity of another type. These mental constructs are organized based on the primary ontological and spatial experience. Semantic categories serve as a conceptual source domain that organizes a target domain. The findings show a Chinese tourist conceptualizes authenticity through the metaphors of primary experience, including time-space orientation — PLACE IS A FAR DISTANCE, PAST IS BACK, GOOD IS UP and an ontological metaphor — A TOURED OBJECT IS A CONTAINER. The content of a container is qualified and quantified through a conceptual metaphor of AUTHENTICATING IS LEARNING A CONTAINER. A container is qualified as THE SUPERNATURAL IS A MAGIC PERSON and quantified by a conceptual metaphor UNUSUAL IS LESS.

With the Past in Front of the Character: Evidence for Spatial-Temporal Metaphors in Cinema

Cognitive research on Ego-Reference-Point models of time in English traditionally shows that “FUTURE IS IN FRONT OF EGO” and “PAST IS IN BACK OF EGO.” Recently, however, this view has been challenged by other results, showing that there exists a major static model of time wherein “FUTURE IS IN BACK OF EGO” and “PAST IS IN FRONT OF EGO.” However, evidence for both conceptual systems comes predominantly from linguistic and gestural forms of expression. For instance, convincing empirical evidence coming from the manifestation mode of cinema is still lacking. This article attempts to fill this gap by bringing the discussion of temporal metaphors to the foreground of character subjectivity in film. Using concise case-studies taken from various films, this study provides evidence that a majority of flashback scenes seem to base their conceptions of time on a static Ego-Reference-Point model in which the past appears to be in front of the character’s eyes on screen.

Online customers’ cognitive differences and their impact on the success of recommendation agents

RAs (recommendation agents) have become a major way to assist customers make online purchase decisions. However, do customers consider an RAs’ advice to be as important as managers expect? Which customers, if any, use RAs more frequently? Although these questions are crucial to Website management, sparse knowledge of the answers was found. Based on 316 randomly selected customers, we empirically demonstrated that customers’ deliberations were not determined by a single cognitive trait, as examined in past IS studies; their decision was more due a function of innovativeness and involvement. More-involved users were found to adopt an RAs’ advice. Managerial implications of these findings are discussed.

China-Japan Relations in the Twenty-first Century: Creating a Future Past? (review)

Contents: Preface 1. Introduction: 2005 - China and Japan's Year of Living Dangerously Michael Heazle and Nick Knight PART I: LIVING IN THE PAST? THE POLITICS OF NATIONALISM IN CHINA 2. The Influence of Chinese Nationalism on Sino-Japanese Relations Jian Zhang 3. East Asian Multilateral Cooperation and the Prospects for China-Japan Relations Xia Liping 4. Thinking About Globalisation, Thinking About Japan: Dichotomies in China's Construction of the Modern World Nick Knight PART II: THE PAST IS WHAT YOU MAKE IT - THE SPECTRE OF NATIONALISM IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN 5. 'Will you go to War? Or will you stop being Japanese?': Nationalism and History in Kobayashi Yoshinori's Sensoron Rumi Sakamoto 6. Competing Historical Perceptions in Japan's Post-war Narratives Barbara Hartley 7. Japan under siege: Japanese Media Perceptions of China and the Two Koreas Six Decades after World War II Eric Johnston PART III: NORTHEAST ASIAN THREAT PERCEPTIONS: THE POLITICS OF FUTURE INTENTIONS 8. Two Tigers on the Same Mountain: China's Security Policy Towards Japan Jian Yang 9. China's Asian Policy: Multipolarity, Regionalism and Peaceful Rise Joseph Y.S. Cheng 10. Nationalism, Security, and Prosperity: The Three Dimensions of Sino-Japan Relations Michael Heazle PART IV: REGIONAL PERCEPTIONS OF CHINA AND JAPAN 11. Jealous Suitors: Sino-Japanese Competitive Regionalism and the Future of East Asia Michael Wesley 12. South Korea between China and Japan: Lifting the Cold War Lens David Hundt Index

Determinants of success for application service provider: An empirical test in small businesses

Recently, application service provider (ASP), a new rental-based enterprise software business, has become a viable option. Although ASP has the potential to fundamentally change the manner in which IT services are provided for user firms, current ASPs often fail to show robust records in accumulating and maintaining customers. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore the main success factors for ASP-based information systems on the basis of past IS success models. Two hundred and three samples were collected from small and medium enterprises with ASP service experiences. Data analysis using LISREL shows that seven IS success factors— system quality, information quality, service quality, intention to use, user satisfaction, individual benefit, organizational benefit and an additional factor, trust, have good fit with data gathered. These factors, except for system quality, show significant coefficients and explanatory power. Furthermore, it is found that both service quality and information quality are significant for fostering user satisfaction, trust, and intention to use.

With the Future Behind Them: Convergent Evidence From Aymara Language and Gesture in the Crosslinguistic Comparison of Spatial Construals of Time

Cognitive research on metaphoric concepts of time has focused on differences between moving Ego and moving time models, but even more basic is the contrast between Ego- and temporal-reference-point models. Dynamic models appear to be quasi-universal cross-culturally, as does the generalization that in Ego-reference-point models, FUTURE IS IN FRONT OF EGO and PAST IS IN BACK OF EGO. The Aymara language instead has a major static model of time wherein FUTURE IS BEHIND EGO and PAST IS IN FRONT OF EGO; linguistic and gestural data give strong confirmation of this unusual culture-specific cognitive pattern. Gestural data provide crucial information unavailable to purely linguistic analysis, suggesting that when investigating conceptual systems both forms of expression should be analyzed complementarily. Important issues in embodied cognition are raised: how fully shared are bodily grounded motivations for universal cognitive patterns, what makes a rare pattern emerge, and what are the cultural entailments of such patterns?

The Evolving Intellectual Diversity of the IS Discipline: Evidence from the Referent Disciplines

For over 20 years, researchers expressed their concern for the lack of theoretical development in the Information Systems discipline and the lack of a cumulative research tradition. The aim of this study is to investigate the intellectual structure of the IS discipline through an analysis of 993 mainstream research articles published in selected journals and proceedings during the previous decade (1991-2000). We explore the variety of researcher perspectives in the discipline, based on the theoretical frameworks adopted by these studies. This examination shows the relative “mindshare” of different theoretical frameworks and informs the self-reflection that is frequently undertaken in our discipline. The study generates categorizations to map theories to frameworks, which are then located in a three-dimensional ontology. The resulting mappings should help researchers understand the scope of past IS research and identify gaps in theoretical development.

TheHaganahby Arab and Palestinian Historiography and Media

I NTERPRETING THE PAST IS ONE aspect of the Arab-Israeli conflict and will certainly continue to engage scholars and readers for many years to come-even when and if the two sides reach a political accord. Historiography of the Mandate period, on both sides, deals with, among other things, issues like whose side the British were on, who was the first to set up military organizations, which side began the violence, what are the limits of legitimate struggle for a national liberation movement, who sold and who purchased land, and many other topics that have yet to be fully aired in the scholarly literature. A study of how Arab sources relate to the Haganah runs up against the fact that, in general, the Jewish camp is treated in cursory fashion and is perceived as monolithic. This makes it difficult to isolate specific references to the Haganah as a separate organization. According to Arab and Palestinian history books and textbooks about the Mandate era, it was the Jews, led by the Haganah, who first acquired weapons and trained their young people for a war over the country, whereas the Palestinian side merely reacted to the threat. Similarly, the Palestinians interpret British behavior as supporting Zionism and the Jews' aspirations to set up their own state; they also accuse the British of supplying arms, setting up military units, and training Haganah members. In some of the literature, the Haganah is described as a regular army in every respect; in other sources, as a terrorist organization. In general there is an emphasis on its close links with the British authorities. In the Arab perception, the British Mandatory authorities supported, assisted, and encouraged the Jews to establish their own armed force and helped them with training and weapons. One recent history book by Emile Shofani describes the establishment of the Haganah as follows:

From Urban Village to East Village: The Battle for New York's Lower East Side.

1 Welcome to the Neighbourhood by Janet Abu-Lughod. PART I THE PAST IS STILL THERE 2 The Changing Economy of the Lower East Side by Jan Chien Lin (University of Houston). 3 The Tenement as a Built Form by Richard Plunz (Columbia University) and Janet Abu-Lughod. 4 A History of Tompkins Square Park by Marci Raven (New York History Project) and Jeanne Houck (Eugene Lang College). 5 Deja Vu: Replanning the Lower East Side in the 1930s by Suzanne Wasserman (Iona College). PART II THE PROCESS OF GENTRIFICATION 6 Neighbourhood `Burn-Out': Puerto Ricans at the End of the Queue by Christopher Mele (New School for Social Research, New York). 7 From Disinvestment to Reinvestment: Tax Arrears and Turning Points in the East Village by Neil Smith (Rutgers University) and others. 8 The Process of Gentrification in Alphabet City by Christopher Mele. 9 Public Action: New York City Policy and the Gentrification of the Lower East Side by William Sites (Queens University, New York). PART III CONTESTING COMMUNITY: THE ISSUES AND THE PROTAGONISTS 10 A Resident's View of Conflict on Tompkins Square by Diane Gordon (College of the City of New York). 11 The Battle for Tompkins Square Park by Janet Abu-Lughod. 12 The Residents in Tompkins Square Park by Dorne Greshof and John Dale (New School for Social Research). 13 The Squatters: A Chorus of Voices, But Is Anyone Listening? by Andrew van Kleunen (New School for Social Research). 14 Defending the Cross-Subsidy Plan: The Tortoise Wins Again by Janet Abu-Lughod. 15 Conclusions and Implications by Janet Abu-Lughod.

Functionalization of the pyridine ring. 1. Reactions with carbon-carbon bond formation (review)

A review is presented for advances in the direct introduction of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and hetaryl substituents into the pyridine ring over the past IS years.

The past is prologue.

The past is prologue.

Physical Chemistry at Ultrahigh Pressures and Temperatures

High-pressure research has undergone a revolution in the past IS years due to a greater than 50-fold increase in the combined pressure-temperature conditions that can be achieved experimentally (Figure 1). This has been accomplished by a breakthrough in instrumentation, most notably in the development of the diamond-anvil cell ( 1-3). Thus, 1975 marked the first time that pressures in excess of 106 atmospheres (100 GPa) could be sustained in the laboratory under controlled, equilibrium conditions (4). The significance of being able to reach ultrahigh pressures, of the order of lOll Pascal and above, is that the energy density achieved on compression is comparable to bonding energies. Therefore significant changes are expected, and indeed found, in the electronic states, chemical bonding, and atomic packing of condensed matter. Perhaps the best known example is the metallization of hydrogen that is currently expected to occur at pressures of �200-500 GPa (5-12). As hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, its metallization is not only a dramatic illustration of pressure-induced changes in bonding character, but also plays an impor­ tant role in determining the internal state and evolution of the giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune ( 13, 14). Although there is every reason to believe that the metallization of hydrogen will be confirmed by experiment, it should be noted that this has not yet been accomplished: At the time of writing this article, metallic hydrogen remains a theoretically predicted and not an experimentally observed phase. * * Note added in proof: H. K. Mao and R. J. Hemley (1989. Science. In press) have just reported the first observation of metallic hydrogen at pressures of 200-250 GPa, in good agreement with the prior estimates (Figure 1).

PAST IS PRESENT

Anthropology NewsVolume 28, Issue 5 p. 3-4 Free Access PAST IS PRESENT The 1931 Mescalero Apache Field Project: Review and Response in Reconstructing the Past First published: May 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/an.1987.28.5.3AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume28, Issue5May 1987Pages 3-4 RelatedInformation

PAST IS PRESENT: Further Amplification on Apache Fieldwork and the Schmerler Death

PAST IS PRESENT: Further Amplification on Apache Fieldwork and the Schmerler Death

PAST IS PRESENT: Amplification: The Death of Henrietta Schmerler

Anthropology NewsVolume 28, Issue 1 p. 3-4 Free Access PAST IS PRESENT: Amplification: The Death of Henrietta Schmerler First published: January 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/an.1987.28.1.3Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume28, Issue1January 1987Pages 3-4 RelatedInformation

The Past IS Now: Approaches to the Secondary School Literature Curriculum

The Past IS Now: Approaches to the Secondary School Literature Curriculum

PAST IS PRESENT: Geronimo

Anthropology NewsVolume 27, Issue 9 p. 3-3 Free Access PAST IS PRESENT: Geronimo First published: December 1986 https://doi.org/10.1111/an.1986.27.9.3.1AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume27, Issue9December 1986Pages 3-3 RelatedInformation