Past 3decades Research Articles

Transforming respiratory diseases management: a CMO-based hospital pharmaceutical care model.

Respiratory diseases encompass a diverse range of conditions that significantly impact global morbidity and mortality. While common diseases like asthma and COPD exhibit moderate symptoms, less prevalent conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and cystic fibrosis profoundly affect quality of life and mortality. The prevalence of these diseases has surged by approximately 40% over the past 3decades. Despite advancements in pharmacotherapy, challenges in drug administration, adherence, and adverse effects persist. This study aimed to develop and perform an interim validation of a Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO) model tailored for respiratory outpatients to enhance pharmaceutical care, which is the direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life, and overall wellbeing. This cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted from March 2022 to March 2023. It comprised four phases: 1) forming an expert panel of 15 hospital pharmacists, 2) selecting respiratory pathologies based on prevalence and severity, 3) developing the CMO model's pillars, and 4) integrating and conducting an interim validation of the model. The Capacity pillar focused on patient stratification and personalized care; the Motivation pillar aligned therapeutic goals through motivational interviewing; and the Opportunity pillar promoted the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for telemedicine. The model included eight respiratory diseases based on expert assessment. For the Capacity pillar, 22 variables were defined for patient stratification, leading to three priority levels for personalized pharmaceutical care. In a preliminary test involving 201 patients across six hospitals, the stratification tool effectively classified patients according to their needs. The Motivation pillar adapted motivational interviewing techniques to support patient adherence and behavior change. The Opportunity pillar established teleconsultation protocols and ICT tools to enhance patient monitoring and care coordination. The CMO model, tailored for respiratory patients, provides a comprehensive framework for improving pharmaceutical care. By focusing on patient-centered care, aligning therapeutic goals, and leveraging technology, this model addresses the multifaceted needs of individuals with respiratory conditions. Future studies are necessary to validate this model in other healthcare systems and ensure its broad applicability.

Analysis of the evolution of placental oxidative stress research from a bibliometric perspective.

Research on placental oxidative stress is pivotal for comprehending pregnancy-related physiological changes and disease mechanisms. Despite recent advancements, a comprehensive review of current status, hotspots, and trends remains challenging. This bibliometric study systematically analyzes the evolution of placental oxidative stress research, offering a reference for future studies. To conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on placental oxidative stress to identify research hotspots, trends, and key contributors, thereby providing guidance for future research. Relevant data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database and analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the bibliometrix package. An in-depth analysis of 4,796 publications was conducted, focusing on publication year, country/region, institution, author, journal, references, and keywords. Data collection concluded on 29 April 2024. A total of 4,796 papers were retrieved from 1,173 journals, authored by 18,835 researchers from 4,257 institutions across 103 countries/regions. From 1991 to 2023, annual publications on placental oxidative stress increased from 7 to 359. The United States (1,222 publications, 64,158 citations), the University of Cambridge (125 publications, 13,562 citations), and Graham J. Burton (73 publications, 11,182 citations) were the most productive country, institution, and author, respectively. The journal Placenta had the highest number of publications (329) and citations (17,152), followed by the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (122 publications). The most frequent keywords were "oxidative stress," "expression," "pregnancy," "preeclampsia," and "lipid peroxidation." Emerging high-frequency keywords included "gestational diabetes mellitus," "health," "autophagy," "pathophysiology," "infection," "preterm birth," "stem cell," and "inflammation." Over the past 3decades, research has concentrated on oxidative stress processes, antioxidant mechanisms, pregnancy-related diseases, and gene expression regulation. Current research frontiers involve exploring pathophysiology and mechanisms, assessing emerging risk factors and environmental impacts, advancing cell biology and stem cell research, and understanding the complex interactions of inflammation and immune regulation. These studies elucidate the mechanisms of placental oxidative stress, offering essential scientific evidence for future intervention strategies, therapeutic approaches, and public health policies.

Global, regional, and national burden of pancreatitis in children and adolescents.

Pancreatitis poses a growing public health concern among children and adolescents, yet comprehensive data on its prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) remain scarce. This study aims to analyze global, regional, and national trends in pancreatitis burden over the past 3decades. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database spanning 1990-2019, we assessed pancreatitis prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs, reporting on numbers, rates, age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Trends were analyzed by age, sex, region, and socio-demographic index (SDI) using jointpoint analysis and predictive modeling. Globally, pancreatitis prevalence and incidence rates have increased (AAPC prevalence=0.13, 95% CI: 0.11-0.16; AAPC incidence=0.30, 95% CI: 0.28-0.32), while mortality and DALYs rates have decreased (AAPC mortality=-1.30, 95% CI: -1.53, -1.07; AAPC DALYs=-1.21, 95% CI: -1.41, -1.01). Both genders showed similar trends. Children under 5 and adolescents 15-19 had higher mortality and DALYs rates. Low SDI regions experienced the greatest increase in ASIR. Eastern Europe exhibited high and rising ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR. Projections indicate continued rise in prevalence with declining mortality and DALYs. Pancreatitis burden in children and adolescents has surged globally, especially in lower SDI regions. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and healthcare resources in affected areas.

Kinesin-7 CENP-E in tumorigenesis: Chromosome instability, spindle assembly checkpoint, and applications.

Kinesin motors are a large family of molecular motors that walk along microtubules to fulfill many roles in intracellular transport, microtubule organization, and chromosome alignment. Kinesin-7 CENP-E (Centromere protein E) is a chromosome scaffold-associated protein that is located in the corona layer of centromeres, which participates in kinetochore-microtubule attachment, chromosome alignment, and spindle assembly checkpoint. Over the past 3decades, CENP-E has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target for cancer therapy and drug development. In this review, we describe expression patterns of CENP-E in multiple tumors and highlight the functions of CENP-E in cancer cell proliferation. We summarize recent advances in structural domains, roles, and functions of CENP-E in cell division. Notably, we describe the dual functions of CENP-E in inhibiting and promoting tumorigenesis. We summarize the mechanisms by which CENP-E affects tumorigenesis through chromosome instability and spindle assembly checkpoints. Finally, we overview and summarize the CENP-E-specific inhibitors, mechanisms of drug resistances and their applications.

Comprehensive review of materials, applications, and future innovations in biodegradable esophageal stents.

Esophageal stricture (ES) results from benign and malignant conditions, such as uncontrolled gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal neoplasms. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the preferred diagnostic approach for ES and its underlying causes. Stent insertion using an endoscope is a prevalent method for alleviating or treating ES. Nevertheless, the widely used self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) and self-expandable plastic stents (SEPS) can result in complications such as migration and restenosis. Furthermore, they necessitate secondary extraction in cases of benign esophageal stricture (BES), rendering them unsatisfactory for clinical requirements. Over the past 3decades, significant attention has been devoted to biodegradable materials, including synthetic polyester polymers and magnesium-based alloys, owing to their exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability while addressing the challenges associated with recurring procedures after BES resolves. Novel esophageal stents have been developed and are undergoing experimental and clinical trials. Drug-eluting stents (DES) with drug-loading and drug-releasing capabilities are currently a research focal point, offering more efficient and precise ES treatments. Functional innovations have been investigated to optimize stent performance, including unidirectional drug-release and anti-migration features. Emerging manufacturing technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) printing and new biodegradable materials such as hydrogels have also contributed to the innovation of esophageal stents. The ultimate objective of the research and development of these materials is their clinical application in the treatment of ES and other benign conditions and the palliative treatment of malignant esophageal stricture (MES). This review aimed to offer a comprehensive overview of current biodegradable esophageal stent materials and their applications, highlight current research limitations and innovations, and offer insights into future development priorities and directions.

Novel Therapeutic Avenues for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complicated, heterogeneous genetic condition that causes left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, hypercontractility, and decreased compliance. Despite the advances made over the past 3decades in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms aggravating HCM, the relationship between pathophysiological stress stimuli and distinctive myocyte growth profiles is still imprecise. Currently, mavacamten, a selective and reversible inhibitor of cardiac myosin ATPase, is the only drug approved by the US FDA for the treatment of HCM. Thus, there is an unmet need for developing novel disease-specific therapeutic approaches. This article provides an overview of emerging therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCM based on various molecular pathways and novel developments that are hopefully soon to enter the clinical study. These newly discovered targets include the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B, the absence of the melanoma 1 inflammasome, the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 enzyme, and the cluster of differentiation 147.

What is the Impact of Mosaicism for Embryo Selection: Experience Obtained Subsequent to the 1000 Mosaic Embryo Transfer- A Mini Review

Chromosomal mosaicism, implying the co-occurrence of cells having possession of separate Chromosomal amount, has got illustrated in human embryos for the past3 decades. The initial versions that were generated with regards to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) did not estimate mosaicism, in view of classically just the evaluation of a single cell was carried out or the approach did not possess the capacity of precise Identification. Despite, a straight forward diagnosis was yielded (an embryo got the label of normal or abnormal, thus just evading the topic, with now as hindsight might have been resulting in umpteen mistakes in the diagnosis that caused negative clinical outcomes .The modern PGT-A estimates a multicellular trophectoderm biopsy sample with the methodology possessing the capacity of recognition of intermediate copy number signals for the chromosomes or the subchromosomal areas. Thus we get faced with the topic of mosaicism in addition to thehurdles with regards to the management of the embryos that generate such outcomes in the clinical scenario. Here we conducted a systematic mini review utilizing search engine pubmed, google scholar; web of science; embase; Cochrane review library utilizing the MeSH terms for this mini review like PGT-A; aneuploidy; euploidy; mosaicism; implantation; ongoing pregnancy; spontaneous abortions; 100-1000mosaic embryo transfer study/studies; self-correction of mosaic embryos; multipolar mitosis; tripolar mitosis; low mosaic; high mosaic; final outcomes from 1990 to 2021 till date. We found a total of 500 articles out of which we selected 38 articles for this mini review. No meta-analysis was done. Here we have tried to detail the that demonstrated that mosaicism besides in general, however particular characteristics picked up with PGT-A are correlated with differing clinical outcomes. Thus requirements are there regarding mosaicism to get considered in the context of greater informed in addition to embryo selection in the clinical scenario

Rare flood scenarios for a rapidly growing high-mountain city: Pokhara, Nepal

Abstract. Pokhara (ca. 850 m a.s.l.), Nepal's second-largest city, lies at the foot of the Higher Himalayas and has more than tripled its population in the past 3 decades. Construction materials are in high demand in rapidly expanding built-up areas, and several informal settlements cater to unregulated sand and gravel mining in the Pokhara Valley's main river, the Seti Khola. This river is fed by the Sabche glacier below Annapurna III (7555 m a.s.l.), some 35 km upstream of the city, and traverses one of the steepest topographic gradients in the Himalayas. In May 2012 a sudden flood caused >70 fatalities and intense damage along this river and rekindled concerns about flood risk management. We estimate the flow dynamics and inundation depths of flood scenarios using the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System). We simulate the potential impacts of peak discharges from 1000 to 10 000 m3 s−1 on land cover based on high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery and OpenStreetMap data (buildings and road network). We also trace the dynamics of two informal settlements near Kaseri and Yamdi with high potential flood impact from RapidEye, PlanetScope, and Google Earth imagery of the past 2 decades. Our hydrodynamic simulations highlight several sites of potential hydraulic ponding that would largely affect these informal settlements and sites of sand and gravel mining. These built-up areas grew between 3- and 20-fold, thus likely raising local flood exposure well beyond changes in flood hazard. Besides these drastic local changes, about 1 % of Pokhara's built-up urban area and essential rural road network is in the highest-hazard zones highlighted by our flood simulations. Our results stress the need to adapt early-warning strategies for locally differing hydrological and geomorphic conditions in this rapidly growing urban watershed.

The Evolution of Target Hemoglobin Levels in Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Since the introduction of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) into clinical practice in 1989, considerable effort has been put forth toward identifying the optimal treatment strategy for managing anemia of CKD. After initial treatment of only the most severely anemic patients, therapy was subsequently expanded to include most patients on dialysis and many nondialysis CKD patients. Many nephrology societies and regulatory agencies have sought to identify the most appropriate hemoglobin levels to which ESA therapy should be targeted. As increasing evidence became available about the impacts of ESAs on varying endpoints including morbidity, mortality, and quality of life, the guidelines put forth by such agencies evolved over time. We review the literature impacting these determinations through the past 3decades and comment on how this informs the application of this knowledge to the care of patients today.

Titanium Lag Screw Versus Miniplate Fixation in the Treatment of Anterior Mandibular Fractures

The use of plates for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures has become a widely accepted method in the past 3decades. However, the anterior mandible is well suited to lag screw fixation owing to the thickness of its bony cortices. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to comparatively evaluate clinical outcomes of fixation using lag screws and miniplates in anterior mandibular fractures. Fifty patients reporting to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with noncomminuted anterior mandibular fractures were randomly divided into 2 groups of 25 patients each. Patients in group A were treated with 2.5-mm lag screws 22 to 26mm in length and those in group B were treated with 2.0-mm 4-hole miniplates with a gap using monocortical screws. Subsequent follow-up was performed at 3, 6, 12, and 24weeks postoperatively. The primary determinants included radiographic analysis of the fracture gap and biting efficiency of the patients in groups A and B. The secondary determinants included evaluation of duration of surgery, occlusion before and after injury, and postoperative complications. Results were evaluated using χ2 and unpaired t tests. The mean age of the patients in this study was 29.1±8.32years (range, 18 to 67yr). The mean postoperative fracture gap was considerably larger in group B. The mean duration of surgery (minutes) was 37.60±9.30 for group A and 47±6.55 for group B. The difference was statistically significant (P=.001). The lag screw group showed faster improvement in biting efficiency compared with the miniplate group. Lag screw fixation was found to have good stability and rigidity, was inexpensive, and was less time consuming in treating anterior mandibular fractures compared with miniplates.

The impact of atmospheric stability and wind shear on vertical cloud overlap over the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. Studies have shown that changes in cloud cover are responsible for the rapid climate warming over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the past 3 decades. To simulate the total cloud cover, atmospheric models have to reasonably represent the characteristics of vertical overlap between cloud layers. Until now, however, this subject has received little attention due to the limited availability of observations, especially over the TP. Based on the above information, the main aim of this study is to examine the properties of cloud overlaps over the TP region and to build an empirical relationship between cloud overlap properties and large-scale atmospheric dynamics using 4 years (2007–2010) of data from the CloudSat cloud product and collocated ERA-Interim reanalysis data. To do this, the cloud overlap parameter α, which is an inverse exponential function of the cloud layer separation D and decorrelation length scale L, is calculated using CloudSat and is discussed. The parameters α and L are both widely used to characterize the transition from the maximum to random overlap assumption with increasing layer separations. For those non-adjacent layers without clear sky between them (that is, contiguous cloud layers), it is found that the overlap parameter α is sensitive to the unique thermodynamic and dynamic environment over the TP, i.e., the unstable atmospheric stratification and corresponding weak wind shear, which leads to maximum overlap (that is, greater α values). This finding agrees well with the previous studies. Finally, we parameterize the decorrelation length scale L as a function of the wind shear and atmospheric stability based on a multiple linear regression. Compared with previous parameterizations, this new scheme can improve the simulation of total cloud cover over the TP when the separations between cloud layers are greater than 1 km. This study thus suggests that the effects of both wind shear and atmospheric stability on cloud overlap should be taken into account in the parameterization of decorrelation length scale L in order to further improve the calculation of the radiative budget and the prediction of climate change over the TP in the atmospheric models.

Increasing incidence of infantile hemangiomas (IH) over the past 35 years: Correlation with decreasing gestational age at birth and birth weight

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common soft-tissue tumors of infancy, but little is known regarding their true incidence. We sought to determine the current incidence of IH and examine trends in incidence, demographics, and lesion characteristics over 3decades. The Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to identify infants residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, who were given a diagnosis of IH between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 2010. In all, 999 infants were given a diagnosis of IH. Incidence increased over the 3-decade study period from 0.97 to 1.97 per 100 person-years (P<.001). Average gestational age at birth and birth weight for infants with IH decreased over the study period (39.2-38.3weeks, P<.001 and 3383-3185g, P=.003, respectively). The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence of IH was 1.64 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 1.54-1.75). The population of Olmsted County, Minnesota, is predominantly non-Hispanic white, limiting our ability to report racial differences in incidence. This was a retrospective study. This study provides a longitudinal, population-based incidence of IH. Incidence has increased steadily over the past 3decades, correlating significantly with decreasing gestational age at birth and birth weight in affected infants.

Current and predicted prevalence of obesity in Canada: a trend analysis.

The prevalence of obesity has increased over the past 3decades, with a disproportionate growth in excessive weight categories (body mass index [BMI] 35.0-39.9 and BMI ≥ 40.0). The objective of this paper is to present the data for the past and current prevalence of adult obesity in Canada, together with future estimates. We calculated BMIs for adults aged 18 years and older who were not in long-term care using data from Canadian health surveys administered between 1985 and 2011. Calculation of the BMIs was based on self-reported heights and weights. The weight categories were as follows: normal (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), obese class I (30.0-34.9), obese class II (35.0-39.9) and obese class III (≥40.0). Outcome measures were prevalence of adult obesity according to BMI categories, nationally and provincially. We used regression analysis models to predict future prevalence of adult obesity up to 2019. Between 1985 and 2011, the prevalence of adult obesity in Canada increased from 6.1% to 18.3%. Furthermore, since 1985, the prevalence of obesity in classes I, II and III increased from 5.1% to 13.1%, from 0.8% to 3.6%, and from 0.3% to 1.6%, respectively. Taking into account regional variations, we predict that, by 2019, the prevalence of obesity in classes I, II and III will increase to 14.8%, 4.4% and 2.0%, respectively, and that half of the Canadian provinces will have more overweight or obese adults than normal-weight adults. We found significant increases in the excessive weight categories of obesity, with continued increases predicted for all provinces up to 2019. Provincial variations in obesity prevalence were also significant. To address these projected increases and any subsequent burden on the health care system, a concerted effort must be made by the provinces to focus on the prevention, management and treatment of obesity in Canada.

A new distal myopathy with mutation in anoctamin 5

We have been following clinically and with muscle MRI for the past 3-decades a Finnish family with two patients with distal muscular dystrophy. Previously we demonstrated the cellular defect in these patients to be defective membrane repair and more recently have identified the causative gene to be anoctamin 5 (ANO5). The disorder seen in these patients is characterized by onset in the third decade. First symptoms were burning sensation on the calves and later on calf tightness during running. Muscle weakness and wasting were asymmetric and early involving the calf muscles, later spread to the thigh muscles. Biceps brachi was later manifestation. Clinical course was slow. CK levels were high. Muscle biopsy showed dystrophic pattern and multifocal disruption of the sarcolemmal membrane but no subsarcolemmal vesicle accumulation nor active inflammation. We conclude that the disease seen in our cases is a new separate clinical, genetic and histopathologic entity to include within the classification of autosomal recessive distal muscular dystrophies.

Rassoulzadegan in Villefranche-sur-Mer and the 'evolution' of marine microbial ecology over the last three decades

AME Aquatic Microbial Ecology Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials AME 57:221-225 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01376 AME Special: 'Rassoulzadegan at Villefranche-sur-Mer: 3 decades of aquatic microbial ecology' INTRODUCTIONRassoulzadegan in Villefranche-sur-Mer and the ‘evolution’ of marine microbial ecology over the last three decades John R. Dolan1,*, Behzad Mostajir2, Télesphore Sime-Ngando3 1Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Université Paris 6 CNRS UMR 7093, Station Zoologique, BP 28, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France 2Ecosystèmes lagunaires, UMR 5119 CNRS-IFREMER-IRD, Université Montpellier II, Case 093, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France 3Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement UMR CNRS 6023, 24 Avenue des Landais, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubière, France *Email: dolan@obs-vlfr.fr Full text in pdf format NextCite this article as: Dolan JR, Mostajir B, Sime-Ngando T (2009) Rassoulzadegan in Villefranche-sur-Mer and the ‘evolution’ of marine microbial ecology over the last three decades. Aquat Microb Ecol 57:221-225. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01376Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AME Vol. 57, No. 3. Online publication date: November 24, 2009 Print ISSN: 0948-3055; Online ISSN: 1616-1564 Copyright © 2009 Inter-Research.

Cost of distributing oral raccoon-variant rabies vaccine in Ohio: 1997–2000

Analysis of the cost of 8 distributions of oral rabies vaccine (ORV) with strains known to infect raccoons in Ohio between 1997 and 2000. Original study. Fishmeal bait containing ORV was distributed on foot, by vehicle, and by helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft. The cost of personnel, vehicles, and helicopter and aircraft use and other associated expenses were obtained from field records and interviews with personnel and agencies involved in the ORV program. Each bait distribution lasted approximately 1 week. Areas baited ranged from 1,701 km2 to 6,497 km2. Density varied for each distribution, with means of 79 baits/km2 for ground baiting and 93 baits/km2 for aerial baiting. Typically, 72 people participated in the ground portion of each distribution and 32 in the aerial portion. The cost of ground baiting (mean +/- SD, 19.24 dollars/km2 +/- 6.35 dollars/km2) was consistently less than that for air baiting (mean +/- SD, 24.71 dollars/km2 +/- 4.65 dollars/kml) for each distribution. The total cost of distribution varied from 30,568 dollars to 145,842 dollars (mean, 96,791 dollars), and bait cost varied from 150,714 dollars to 1,029,423 dollars (mean, 543,839 dollars). The total cost of ORV distributions ranged from 102 dollars/km2 to 261 dollars/km2 (mean, 153 dollars/km2). In the United States, rabies strains that infect raccoons have been responsible for the largest increase in rabies in animals in the past 3 decades. Use of ORV is a promising new tool that can be used to control rabies in raccoons. Documenting the estimated cost of implementing an ORV program may lead to more efficient use of resources to control and limit the spread of rabies. In addition, accurately measured distribution costs can be used to perform an economic cost-benefit analysis for an ORV program.