Passive Attitude Research Articles

Self-management behavior preferences and influencing factors in Chinese patients with recurrent gout: A qualitative study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the preferences and influencing factors of self-management behaviors in patients with recurrent gout and provide a theoretical basis for developing targeted strategies to improve self-management preferences. MethodsA total of 10 patients with recurrent gout were recruited from the gout specialist outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these patients, and the Kawakita Jiro (KJ) method was used to analyze the interview data. ResultsAfter four rounds of screening by five researchers, 35 codes were selected from an initial 132. After three rounds of discussion and induction, the KJ method identified seven domains of self-management behavior preferences in patients with recurrent gout: 1) extensive knowledge of gout, yet difficulty in distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate information; 2) a passive attitude of “no pain, no management”; 3) the challenge of changing entrenched daily habits; 4) the optimistic but unrealistic belief of “self-delusion”; 5) a tendency to seek medical attention late due to hopelessness of cure and familiarity with recurrences; 6) preference for analgesics for gout recurrences while neglecting long-term urate-lowering therapy (ULT); and 7) gout-related stigma. ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the self-management behavior of patients with recurrent gout could be improved, especially in the aspects of medical seeking behavior, medication compliance, daily management and emotional management. At the same time, we found that gout stigma, difficulty in distinguishing true and false knowledge of gout and negative attitude of “ignoring pain” were significantly associated with self-management behavior.

Tag-Array-Based UHF Passive RFID Tag Attitude Identification of Tracking Methods.

Attitude information is as important as position information in describing and localizing objects. Based on this, this paper proposes a method for object attitude sensing utilizing ultra-high frequency passive RFID technology. This method adopts a double tag array strategy, which effectively enhances the spatial freedom and eliminates phase ambiguity by leveraging the phase difference information between the two tags. Additionally, we delve into the issue of the phase shift caused by coupling interference between the two tags. To effectively compensate for this coupling effect, a series of experiments were conducted to thoroughly examine the specific impact of coupling effects between tags, and based on these findings, a coupling model between tags was established. This model was then integrated into the original phase model to correct for the effects of phase shift, significantly improving the sensing accuracy. Furthermore, we considered the influence of the object rotation angle on phase changes to construct an accurate object attitude recognition and tracking model. To reduce random errors during phase measurement, we employed a polynomial regression method to fit the measured tag phase information, further enhancing the precision of the sensing model. Compared to traditional positioning modes, the dual-tag array strategy essentially increases the number of virtual antennas available for positioning, providing the system with more refined directional discrimination capabilities. The experimental results demonstrated that incorporating the effects of inter-tag coupling interference and rotation angle into the phase model significantly improved the recognition accuracy for both object localization and attitude angle determination. Specifically, the average error of object positioning was reduced to 12.3 cm, while the average error of attitude angle recognition was reduced to 8.28°, making the method suitable for various practical application scenarios requiring attitude recognition.

Formation of professional identity and motivation among future primary school teachers in the process of educational practice

Introduction. The article examines the problem of forming professional identity and motivation among students in the process of mastering the discipline “Educational practice (research work (obtaining primary skills in research work))”. The current stage of professional training of future teachers is focused on mastering the methods of integrating educational subjects for organizing developmental research activities, which is reflected in the “Core of Higher Pedagogical Education.” The purpose of the article is to substantiate the way of formation of professional identity and motivation of future teachers in the process of educational practice (research work (obtaining primary research skills)”. Materials and Methods. Theoretical and methodological analysis, a method of diagnostic analysis, including a questionnaire of professional identity of students (U. S. Rodygina), diagnosing the internal position of students in relation to their future profession, the components of which are the characteristics of the professional identity of students “Emotional attitude” and “ Conscious activity"; a methodology for determining motivation for vocational training (V.G. Katashev), which allows one to study and analyze the level of motivation of students in the context of their vocational education; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Testing students – future primary school teachers in the process of educational practice to obtain primary skills in research work allowed us to conclude that the motivation of future primary school teachers is normal. As a result of the study, it was revealed that according to the questionnaire “Professional Identity of Students” (U. S. Rodygina), the highest average score was noted on the scale “positive emotions associated with meeting a person’s needs in the profession”, the lowest average score corresponds to the scale “position of a student’s passive attitude” to the acquired profession”. The results obtained from the diagnostic “Methodology for determining motivation for vocational training” showed that the highest average score corresponds to the normal level of motivation, the lowest – to the average level of motivation. Discussion and Conclusions. The obtained results of the study substantiate the relevance of the problem of forming professional identity and motivation among students of the faculty of primary school teacher training in the process of educational practice. The educational practice carried out at the faculty plays a key role in the formation of students’ primary research skills. The peculiarities of the implementation of this type of practice is that the process of training future teachers consists of three modules: methodological foundations of scientific knowledge; methods of psychological and pedagogical research; registration of the results of scientific work. Each module is aimed at achieving the goal of practice: obtaining primary research skills in organizing and conducting psychological and pedagogical research in education, processing and presenting its results. The module tasks are aimed at students performing a number of practical actions: studying the fundamentals of the scientific method; choosing a topic and research question; literature review; data collection and analysis; interpretation of results; writing a scientific article or report; preparing a presentation; public speaking practice; cooperation with the scientific supervisor; publication and feedback. The authors emphasize the effectiveness of the tasks used in the process of developing students’ research skills.

Unified and distinct cognitive control deficits in adolescents with cognitive disengagement syndrome and learning burnout.

Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is a psychological disorder characterized by daydreaming, mental fogginess, and slow thinking, while learning burnout (LB) is characterized by a passive and inattentive attitude toward learning. These two disorders are closely related but can be challenging to differentiate from one another. The present study aimed to identify shared and distinct cognitive control deficits between CDS and LB. We recruited 136 adolescents (aged 14 to 17 years) from an initial screening of CDS and LB (N = 476) and divided them into four groups: CDS, LB, CDS + LB, and typically developing control. After a second screening, 129 adolescents completed two tasks to assess their attentional networks and cognitive control capacity (CCC). Adolescents with high CDS symptoms (both CDS group and CDS+LB group) exhibited impaired disengaging effect of attention and lower CCC, indicating deficits in orienting attention and the upper limit of information processing for cognitive control specifically. Furthermore, support vector machine modeling identified CCC as the most significant parameter differentiating the CDS and LB groups. Our findings suggest that while adolescents with high CDS and high LB symptoms have similar outward manifestations in the adolescent's school life, deficits in attention and cognitive control, particularly in the CCC, may distinguish between the two groups.

Taiwan Region Teachers’ Beliefs Toward EFL Learner Autonomy and Their Practices in High School

This study examines English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ beliefs and actual practices regarding promoting learner autonomy (LA) in the high school classroom. The participants in the study were 20 EFL high school teachers from central Taiwan region. To triangulate the data and provide more comprehensive results, this study adopted a sequential quan-qual mixed methods research design: a mixed methods research (MMR) design that collects quantitative data first, followed by qualitative data. Teachers’ beliefs and factors affecting their actual practices were elicited through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Findings show that most teachers recognize the importance of LA. However, the questionnaire results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the teachers’ beliefs and their classroom practices. The qualitative data suggest that the phenomena result from (1) students’ low motivation (2) passive learning attitude and (3) the pressure teachers face due to the high school teaching demands. Although teachers engage in some classroom behaviors that promote autonomy, these practices are rather limited. Finally, directions for LA instruction are discussed. Objective: This study examines EFL teachers’ beliefs and actual practices regarding promoting LA in the high school classroom. Methods: The participants in the study were 20 EFL high school teachers from central Taiwan region. To triangulate the data and provide more comprehensive results, this study adopted a sequential quan-qual MMR design: a mixed methods research design that collects quantitative data first, followed by qualitative data. Teachers’ beliefs and factors affecting their actual practices were elicited through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Results: Findings show that most teachers recognize the importance of LA. However, the questionnaire results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the teachers’ beliefs and their classroom practices. The qualitative data suggest that the phenomena result from (1) students’ low motivation (2) passive learning attitude and (3) the pressure teachers face due to the high school teaching demands. Conclusion: Although teachers engage in some classroom behaviors that promote autonomy, these practices are rather limited. Finally, directions for LA instruction are discussed.

The Impact of Labor Standards on International Trade: A Chinese Perspective

This paper first compiles some of the representative literature exploring the relationship between labor standards and international trade, and explores the different attitudes of developed and developing countries on the linkage between labor standards and international trade, and on this basis, analyzes the impact of labor standards on international trade based on China's perspective. The paper argues that labor standards, which are predominantly promoted by Western countries with a focus on workers rights, have a dual nature and exert various effects on the development of international trade. It is not desirable for Chinese enterprises to take a passive attitude of resistance in the face of challenges. Only by implementing social responsibility management into all levels of the enterprise organization structure, transforming the certification pressure into competitive power, and changing the one-sided view of foreign countries on China's labor standards can we win a favorable position in the fierce international competition and a greater space for the development of Chinese enterprises.

Barriers and future improvements of workplace-based learning in Korean medicine clinical clerkship: perspectives of graduates

BackgroundWorkplace-based learning (WPBL) has emerged as an essential practice in healthcare education. However, WPBL is rarely implemented in Korean medicine (KM) due to the passive attitude of teachers and possible violation of medical laws that limit the participation of trainees in medical treatment. In this study, we implemented WPBL in the clinical clerkship of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine at a single College of KM and explored the barriers and future improvements of WPBL.MethodsThe WPBL was implemented from January to July 2019. During the clerkship, each senior student was assigned an inpatient at the university hospital. WPBL was conducted as follows: patient presentation by the supervisor, interaction with the patient at the bedside, preparation of medical records, oral case presentation, and discussion with feedback. The student performed a physical examination and review of systems as a clinical task. In addition, six doctors of KM who are currently practicing after three years of WPBL were interviewed in September 2022 to investigate the real-world effects and unmet needs of WPBL in their workplaces.ResultsTwo major themes identified from the interview were: “the experience of novice doctors of KM with KM practice” and “Current state of KM clinical education.” The five subcategories were: “Clinical competency priorities vary according to the KM workplace,” “Difficulties faced by doctors of KM immediately after graduation,” “WPBL experience of the interviewees,” “Necessary but difficult to implement real patient learning,” and “Unmet needs for clinical clerkship in KM.”ConclusionIt is essential to consider the unique characteristics of KM practice and the duties required in various workplaces for successful WPBL. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for improving the WPBL and addressing the unmet needs in KM clinical education.

은유적 사상의 부분성(2) - 구조적 은유 ‘죽음’의 은유적 활용을 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to examine the partiality of metaphorical utilization in the thought of the conceptual metaphor 'death'. Applying the proposed multifaceted cognitive model (MCM) for this purpose, the results are as follows. First, in terms of the frequency of occurrence of the elements of the MCM, the source aspect in which both single and multiple actions occurred was more diverse than the goal aspect, death, and they were generally in the order of 'goal aspect> shape aspect> action aspect>material aspect'. Second, in terms of the subject's agentic power, we could distinguish between active (12.5%) and passive (87.5%) attitudes, which was consistent with the subject's loss of control in the goal aspect. This allowed us to infer that death is being controlled by the subject's passive attitude rather than being controlled by the subject's active attitude. Third, the identification of the partiality of metaphorical utilization ultimately led to a broader understanding of the target domain of death.

Formation and Development of Mathematical Literacy in the Context of PISA-2021 Program Concep

This article presents the results of pedagogical experiments, which revealed educational problems that teachers face in the process of teaching mathematical literacy to schoolchildren: a low proportion of practice-oriented tasks in the total number of educational tasks in school mathematics intended for 15-year-old schoolchildren, a passive attitude of teachers to the formation of mathematical literacy among schoolchildren. The analysis of the experimental data made it possible to conclude that the knowledge and skills of teachers on the issues of reducing the standard task of the school mathematics course are insufficient to problem situations in the context of the PISA assessment tasks, compiling task systems for these tasks, containing an algorithm for solving the assigned problem, description of a visual object that allows the visualization of the task. To solve these problems, the paper proposes to apply a modular learning technology in the process of teaching schoolchildren mathematical literacy, an algorithmic method for reducing a standard task to assessment-learning tasks in the context of the PISA-2021 program concept. In the work, examining the task to the problem situation as an object of mental activity of students, the main components of the "Mathematical Reasoning" of the student are highlighted. Namely: recognizes the area of the task; singles out the main components of the tasks; to bring data under known concepts; establishes interdisciplinary links; applies induction, interdisciplinary knowledge in the preparation of a mathematical model; solves a mathematical problem; interprets, evaluates the solution in the context of the phenomenon under consideration. The analysis of algorithms for solving tasks made it possible to identify the following key structural components of mathematical literacy: understanding the context of tasks; the ability to establish correspondences between various objects, apply induction and knowledge, build mathematical models, find solutions to mathematical models of tasks, interpret and evaluate the solutions obtained; have mathematical reasoning skills. The final experimental study confirmed the effectiveness of the developed methodology for the formation and development of mathematical literacy at 15 year old schoolchildren.

국가 이미지와 통일·대북정책 태도 간 관련성에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study explores the association between South Koreans’ perceptions of neighboring countries, their views of unification, and their attitudes toward North Korea policy. By applying the framework of international image theory, this study categorizes national images and explores potential variations in attitudes toward unification and North Korea policies across different image types. The results are summarized as follows: Individuals who hold an imperial image of Japan feel are less inclined toward unification and tend to support status-quo North Korea policies. Conversely, those with an imperial image of the United States demonstrate the most proactive attitudes toward reunification, attempting to address the North and South Korean issues from a non-nationalist perspective. Respondents with a barbarian image of China, which is the most prevalent image in South Koreans, show a passive attitude toward unification, favoring peaceful coexistence similar to those with an imperial image of Japan. However, they oppose the notion that severing relations with North Korea is more beneficial, differing from the views of those who hold an imperial image of Japan. These findings suggest that evaluations of soft power are closely linked to the perceptions of neighboring countries. An improvement in cultural status leads to a barbarian image of neighboring countries, potentially fostering pessimistic attitudes toward achieving unification.

Bystanders’ collective responses set the norm against hate speech

Hate speech incidents often occur in social settings, from public transport to football stadiums. To counteract a prevailing passive attitude towards them, governmental authorities, sociologists, and philosophers stress bystanders’ responsibility to oppose or block hate speech. Here, across two online experiments with UK participants using custom visual vignettes, we provide empirical evidence that bystanders’ expression of opposition can affect how harmful these incidents are perceived, but only as part of a collective response: one expressed by a majority of bystanders present. Experiment 1 (N = 329) shows that the silence or intervention of three bystanders affects the harm caused by hate speech, but one bystander does not. Experiment 2 (N = 269) shows this is not simply a matter of numbers but rather one of norms: only unanimous opposition reduces the public perception of the damage created by the incident. Based on our results, we advance an empirical norm account: group responses to hate speech modulate its harm by indicating either a permissive or a disapproving social norm. Our account and results, showing the need to consider responses to hate speech at a collective level, have direct implications for social psychology, the philosophy of language and public policies.

EFL Learners’ Strategies of Coping with Online Language Learning Difficulties During COVID-19

Since the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic early in 2020, English language learners could no longer learn from faceto-face interactions and had to adapt to online lessons. This paper reports a study that investigated their learning strategies during their online sessions. To achieve the objective, a survey was conducted with 257 university students who were taking an English course as a compulsory subject. Several questions in a questionnaire were designed to elicit their cognitive, affective, sociocultural, and interactive strategies. The findings showed that taking notes, attending recorded lectures, quietly observing online interactions, doing the assignments, chatting with their classmates, and utilizing internet-based lessons were the most prominent strategies. Their seemingly passive attitude seems to stem from the Asian culture in which they were raised. A reliable internet connection was seen as vital for their learning, playing games, and watching movies, which were the ways to relieve stress and boredom while studying at home. Chatting with classmates could give them a sense of community which probably helped them relieve stress and boredom. Overall, the paper offers insights into how EFL learners coped with difficult learning circumstances. Some suggestions for English teachers that are related to the enhancement of online teaching are then proposed based on these findings.

OPINION OF GENERATION Y - HAS NORTH MACEDONIA SUCCESSFULLY DEALT WITH THE TOURISM CRISIS 2020-2022?

Crisis events represent a costly threat to businesses in the tourism sector. Tourism companies have long recognized the importance of crisis management and realized that their passive attitude toward possible crises can negatively affect their work. Despite this knowledge, many of them are not prepared for a quick response and do not have mechanisms that can indicate that danger early. For those reasons, the need to write this paper arose, intending to provide tourism enterprises with an appropriate tool for successfully fighting against crises. This paper's main goal was to determine the opinion of Generation Y about "Were we able to deal with the crisis in the tourism sector in the Republic of North Macedonia in the period 2020-2022?". For this purpose, the authors did narrative research using secondary sources of information and empirical research about the problem. After processing the data and their visualization through tables and graphs, based on the results of the empirical research, the authors presented their conclusions and recommendations for appropriate actions in dealing with the crises encountered by the enterprises that belong to the tourism sector.

초등교사의 소진 경험에 관한 질적메타분석

Objectives This study aims to comprehensively analyze the patterns, causes, and coping strategies of burnout experiences among elementary school teachers in order to understand the phenomenon of burnout and derive policy support measures.
 Methods Qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted by extracting interview quotes and reflective journals from a total of 28 qualitative studies on burnout experiences of elementary school teachers conducted from 2010 to 2022. The 28 qualitative studies included both theses and journal articles, and among the papers used mixed re-search methods, those incorporating qualitative analysis data were included in the study.
 Results The analysis revealed that the emotional changes such as anxiety, frustration, anger, and fatigue, physical changes such as headache, sleep disorders, and immune system weakening, and decrease in work engagement such as cynical or negative attitudes towards teaching were observed as burnout experiences and patterns. The causes of burnout were analyzed as workload and unfair work distribution, difficulties in counseling students as homeroom teachers, conflicts in human relationships such as with parents, colleagues, and school admin-istrators, and personal traits or circumstances such as perfectionism, heavy family responsibilities like childcare. Coping strategies for burnout included seeking psychological comfort through social support from colleagues or students, adopting a more passive attitude such as acceptance or resignation, and taking a more proactive ap-proach to changing problem situations through self-reflection, training, emotional expression practice, or trans-ferring to another school.
 Conclusions The research results suggest that burnout is a problem of perception and negative emotions in re-sponse to problem situations. Therefore, it is necessary to provide social support, opportunities for reflection and learning, and training for emotional expression from the early stages of a teacher's career to enhance their ability to accept and cope with problem situations.

Passive Attitude Estimation of Spacecraft Based on Multiretroreflector Differential Satellite Laser Ranging

Passive Attitude Estimation of Spacecraft Based on Multiretroreflector Differential Satellite Laser Ranging

ФАКТОРЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ СПОРТИВНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

Improving health and increasing life expectancy of the population is inextricably linked with its involvement in physical education and sports. Observations show that along with the growing involvement of Russians in mass sports, a significant part of citizens do not yet use physical activity for their health, recuperation, recreation, and socialization. The purpose of the study is, through interdisciplinary analysis, to identify factors for the possible involvement of various socio-demographic groups of the population in regular mass sports and to substantiate the directions for its further development. The empirical basis of the study was the materials of official statistics, sample observations, surveys and polls. To process empirical data, grouping methods, comparative analysis, and expert assessments were used. In the process of the study, the main reasons for the passive attitude of certain groups of the population towards mass sports were identified: lack of time, poor health, age, lack of accessible sports facilities and services, difficulty in overcoming oneself. The elements of scientific novelty of this study are the substantiation of the need for a more specific relationship between medicine and sports, a comparative analysis of the possibilities of expanding sports physical activity of the population in the paid and free segments of mass sports, the development of digital transformation of the sphere of mass sports to increase the accessibility and quality of its services. The practical significance of the study is that the proposed measures are aimed at increasing the interest and value of sports activity of various target groups of the population while simultaneously considering the real conditions of their implementation. The article substantiates the feasibility of a closer relationship between medicine, medical consultations and recommendations for physical activity, especially for older people with health problems; conducting regular observations of the dynamics of the contingents involved in mass sports and changes in their motivation; strengthening marketing and promotion of sports services and facilities in the media, public service advertising, social networks; providing preferences to entrepreneurs for renting premises, plots of land, organizing sports facilities, participating in the sponsorship of mass sporting events; development and use of training methods combining offline and online elements for target consumer groups; wider use of digital technologies and services for monitoring business processes in mass sports, increasing its efficiency and quality of services.

Обеспечение формирования функциональной грамотности на уроках иностранного языка

Functional literacy is an important skill that can be developed in a second language classroom at secondary and high school. This article introduces a functional literacy program of advanced training for teachers of foreign languages. The author used axiological, personal-activity, and interdisciplinary approaches with non-participant observation methods and pedagogical modeling to analyze legal norms, school standards, and foreign and domestic publications. The program offers a single school-university track represented as a course of professional training for teachers of foreign languages at the Siberian Institute of Management, Novosibirsk. Teachers of foreign languages donated their teaching and learning experience in preparing students for state exams in foreign languages and functional literacy development. The study revealed some gaps in the academic standardization, advanced training for teachers, and methodological support for Second Language at school. The author identified vectors of prospective development in the field of functional literacy as school, as well as the reasons behind the passive attitude of most school teachers to functional literacy development. Advanced training in this sphere should be compulsory and interdisciplinary. The connection between functional literacy, state exam diagnostics, and teachers’ competences is of exceptional importance in Russian education and requires more continuity.

지체장애 청소년의 여가 생활 경험

Purpose: This study investigated how adolescents with physical disabilities spent their leisure time and what their leisure time meant to themselves.
 Methods: To look at the adolescents’ leisure experiences, five adolescents with cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, or muscular dystrophy participated in this study. The interviews with them were qualitatively collected and analyzed.
 Results: The results of the study were as follows. First, the adolescents recognized leisure with a positive attitude, but the adolescents had a passive attitude toward the attempt to try to engage in new leisure activities. Second, the adolescents believed that their social skills and self-reliance through leisure activities were enhanced. Moreover, the adolescents had a chance to prepare for exploration of aptitude as well as their future jobs through leisure activities. Third, the adolescents had diverse difficulties in participating in leisure activities due to their physical restrictions. Therefore, they requested more human and mobility support.
 Conclusion: Facilitation of leisure activities, activation of leisure programs, and opportunity to participate in leisure with peers are required for the adolescents with physical disabilities so that they might participate in leisure activities.

Can COVID-19 mark a tipping point for home-based telework? Conflict between untact technology and rigid institutions in Korea.

Previously, Korea showed a passive attitude toward home-based telework; however, this stance rapidly changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustaining home-based telework entails adjusting productivity conditions, introducing performance-based evaluations, and modifying employment rules, as required by the Korean Labor Standards Act, which demand the consent of most workers. This study aims to explore the societal and institutional shifts necessary for ongoing home-based telework post-pandemic. This study discusses the sustainability of home-based work based on survey data and materials from institutions and previous research. It used data from the Workplace Panel Survey provided by the Korea Labor Institution for 3 years (2015, 2017, and 2019) to examine the status of home-based work and business responses. It also addresses legal issues related to changes in working conditions and worker-management agreements resulting from telework implementation. Legal aspects of telework are explained using relevant sections of Korea's labor laws. To establish home-based telework as a working method relevant to the Fourth Industrial Revolution after the pandemic, essential discussions are needed regarding its fundamental applicability to specific job sectors. Moreover, to activate home-based telework without deteriorating working conditions, achieving agreement between workers and management is imperative. However, legal complexities necessitate systemic changes for effective resolution. For the sustainable continuity of telework, a blend of societal awareness and institutional transformations is indispensable. The growth of home-based telework through untact technology expansion is hindered by inflexible Korean labor laws, judicial precedents, and worker-management relations. The absence of necessary legal and organizational changes could lead Korea to revert to pre-pandemic norms or slow implementation. Initially prevalent in IT, home-based telework has expanded across sectors due to the pandemic. Leading the "new normal," companies creatively enhance productivity through telework, but rigid systems and outdated cultures could impede post-pandemic progress. The study highlights the need for forward-looking institutional changes and adaptation to advancing technology. It provides valuable insights for organizations and policymakers to optimize work dynamics and enhance employee and employer well-being in the post-COVID-19 era.

The neutral past: emotional (dys)regulation of autobiographical memory in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia

ABSTRACT Background: While affective disturbances are a key symptomatic indicator of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), little is known about how patients process the emotional load of their autobiographical (i.e. personal) memories. Methods: We assessed the interplay of emotional regulation and autobiographical memory by inviting 18 bvFTD and 20 control participants to remember past personal events. For each memory, participants rated its emotional valence “then” (i.e. when the event has occurred) vs “now” (i.e. when retrieving the event). Results: Patients with bvFTD described their memories as neutral at both times (p = .85), while control participants rated their memories as more positive during “then” than during “now” (p = .013). Autobiographical retrieval triggered fewer emotional words (p < .001) and less specificity (p < .001) in bvFTD patients compared to control participants. Conclusions: The lack of significant differences between the emotional characteristics during “then” than “now” in patients with bvFTD (and the flattening of both) may mirror their hampered ability for emotional generation, which may be associated with difficulties in reframing their past experiences to modify and adapt their meaning. The hampered emotional regulation in bvFTD may also be associated with an avoidance strategy and a passive attitude toward the past.