Parties Abroad Research Articles

Investigating Party Abroad: Party Origins and Degrees of Formalization

This article contends that contemporary transnational dynamics have given rise to novel political subjects and territories for political engagement. By looking at how parties as organizational actors operate abroad, this study reworks extant classificatory attempts and proposes an amended typology in which the salient elements of variation are the origin of the party abroad and the degree of formalization. These two dimensions produce a matrix delineating four distinct types of party organization: branch-abroad, organization-abroad in franchising, committee-abroad, and semi-political structures. Conceptually, the typology elucidates the multifaceted nature of the structural approaches employed by home parties in their endeavors to establish connections with communities abroad. Empirically, this contribution enhances the comparability between organizational configurations abroad and extant research on party structures at the national level.

Political Parties Abroad. A New Arena for Electoral Politics

ABSTRACT This Special Issue contributes to the growing literature on parties abroad. Expansive citizenship has transformed and reinforced the civic and political links between emigrants and their home country. Political parties face the dilemma of engaging or not in this new arena for electoral politics and must consider how. However, until recently the literature on transnationalism and on party politics has surprisingly largely overlooked this issue. This introduction identifies the existing gaps in the literature, and stresses two main questions that remains largely unanswered, namely (1) why and how parties decide to campaign abroad, and (2) how voters abroad are receptive to these campaigns and operate their party choice in this specific context. The five articles offer a mix of case studies and comparative perspective, and quantitative and qualitative analyses. This case selection allows to explore the diversity of strategies adopted by political parties abroad in different settings, with different tools. The results illustrate the impact of local party branches and entrepreneurs’ outreach and local campaigns on mobilisation, turnout, and the result of elections, but also show that emigrants’ vote choice is influenced both by the context of their country of origin and of their country of residence.

Political Parties Abroad: A New Arena For Party Politics

Political Parties Abroad: A New Arena For Party Politics

The Party Abroad in a Time of Global Societal Transformation: An Introduction

The Party Abroad in a Time of Global Societal Transformation: An Introduction

US Parties Abroad: Representing Versus Mobilizing Expatriates

US Parties Abroad: Representing Versus Mobilizing Expatriates

Transnational Outreach Efforts and Electoral Performance of Italian Parties Abroad: Do They Earn What They Deserve?

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UK Parties Abroad and The Paradox of the Anti-Brexit Backlash

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Georgian Parties Abroad: Narrative Versus Reality

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Australian Parties Abroad

Australian Parties Abroad

The Party Abroad and Its Role for National Party Politics

Despite proliferating research on party politics and notable media engagement with the issues of migration and refugee flows, we know little about the existence and operation of ‘the party abroad’. The latest UN migration report states that more than 270 million people reside outside their country of origin. osce recognizes the need for representation of varied political views as one means to maintain democratic stability within states. This study unravels the notion of the ‘party abroad’, develops a theoretical legal framework within which it can exist, and empirically exams parties that operate abroad. The case studies show the potential for political engagement with the diaspora, that such operations are not systematically regulated at the moment, and that parties operating abroad have different financing models. These findings, coupled with increasing migration, call for more future work on the party abroad, both by academics and by professionals.

Проблемы конституционно-правовой ответственности политических партий за рубежом: практические уроки для российского регулирования

Проблемы конституционно-правовой ответственности политических партий за рубежом: практические уроки для российского регулирования

The Party Abroad: A New Modus Operandi for Political Parties

Abstract In an era where millions of people live elsewhere than their country of birth and many hold multiple nationalities, the questions of who and how represents these people becomes imperative. The traditional manner of representation is through political parties, yet the form in which parties have historically existed is within state bounds. Throughout time, we have witnessed the transition from cadre to cartel parties and through them the changing role of the political party. This article argues that with the vast expansion of the movement of people around the world, which has been influenced by the enlargement of the European Union, by globalisation, migration and most recently by the refugee crisis, political parties are reshaping their structures both domestically and internationally, and we are witnessing the development of a ‘new modus operandi’ of political parties—the party abroad. The party abroad is viewed as a natural evolvement of the functions of domestic political parties in their response to a changing civil society and changing competitive space. The article provides a theory of the party abroad, it discusses how it relates to previous models of political parties and offers a framework based on which we can study it.

The Party Abroad, the World of Professional Electoral and Democracy Assistance, and the Way Forward

Abstract This article presents developments around the party abroad phenomenon within the world of international democracy assistance. It provides an overview of where ‘the party abroad’ sits as a topic within the broader field of democracy assistance, and how democracy assistance providers have addressed it in the past. It argues that even though the party abroad has grown among political parties themselves, it has thus far received scant attention from democracy assistance providers. However, there are reasons to believe that the party abroad will continue to grow among political parties and that assistance providers will also include a stronger focus on the party abroad in their work in years to come.

UK Parties Abroad and Expatriate Voters: The Brexit Backlash

Abstract Recent developments in British politics have foregrounded two issues of particular importance to Britons living overseas: their voting rights in the UK and Brexit. In light of this, the number of British expatriates registering to vote has risen sharply and provided an incentive to develop UK parties abroad. We, therefore, set out the history and organisational structures of the major British parties abroad, and report the results of a unique online survey of British expatriate citizens, which tests whether ‘Votes for Life’ and Brexit have significantly impacted on their political preferences. We find that latter has done so, but the former has not. In view of this, the historically embedded expectations of a general expatriate preference for the Conservative Party no longer apply to those based in EU countries. In the wake of Brexit, this group appears to have swung decisively against the party and turned towards Labour and the Liberal Democrats. This suggests that the likelihood of the current Conservative administration introducing legislation to extend expatriate Britons’ voting rights, as pledged in the Queen’s Speech of December 2019, is remote, raising existential questions for the future of UK parties abroad.

US Parties Abroad: Partisan Mobilising in a Federal Context

AbstractIn the early 2000s, some observers predicted that the US parties’ overseas association would play an increasing role in US politics (Dark 2003). Changes since then, including the growth of the expatriate population, would seem to make such developments more likely. Yet many features of the US political system mitigate against party efforts to mobilise expatriate supporters, including single-member district elections and candidate-centred contests (Van Haute and Kernalegenn, 2020). What, then, has been the 21st century trajectory of US party abroad activity? This article investigates this question, comparing the recent evolution Democrat and Republican party abroad efforts. It shows that the parties have taken different paths, with the Democrats’ organisation focussing more on electoral mobilisation, while the Republicans’ organisation has focussed more on issue advocacy and non-electoral representation. These different operational modes reflect the opportunities for, and constraints on, mobilising US expatriates for partisan purposes.

세이프하버협정 무효판결 이후 EU 일반개인정보보호규정(GDPR)의 내용과 우리 개인정보보호법제상 시사점 - 개인정보의 국외이전에 관한 비교법적 연구를 중심으로 -

세이프하버협정 무효판결 이후 EU 일반개인정보보호규정(GDPR)의 내용과 우리 개인정보보호법제상 시사점 - 개인정보의 국외이전에 관한 비교법적 연구를 중심으로 -

Engineering revolution: the paradox of democracy promotion in Serbia

List of Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1. Promoting Democracy and Aiding Political Parties Abroad Chapter 2. The Absence of Aid in Milosevic's Serbia, 1990-1996 Chapter 3. Preparing for Regime Change, 1997-2000 Chapter 4. Democracy Promotion in Milosevic's Shadow, 2001-2012 Chapter 5. Rethinking Aid's Legacy in Serbia Appendix. Interviewees Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

André Liebich, From the Other Shore: Russian Social Democracy After 1921. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. 476 pp. $48.00 cloth.

This a history of the ideas of the core leaders in the Menshevik party after its members were dispersed, persecuted, or forced into exile at the end of the Russian civil war. The author has admirably reconstructed and expounded the political opinions shared by the whole of the party in subsequent periods and those raised in mutual contrast by single personalities or groups. The story is largely based on personal memories, correspondence, and archives. In part, the research has been done on an exceptional source for the study of the Bolshevik revolution: the journal Sotsialisticheskii Vestnik, well known to every historian in the Soviet field. It was edited from 1921 to 1963 by the leadership of the party abroad (the optimistically soi-disant “Foreign Delegation”) first in Berlin and then in Paris and New York. Until the mid-1930s, the journal enjoyed the collaboration of a variety of people, straight from inside the Soviet Union: not only the rump of the Menshevik organization, but also, very possibly, influential Bolshevik personnel, such as D. Riazanov, as well.

U.S. Political Parties Abroad

U.S. Political Parties Abroad

E. and S. v K.

Cession — Legislation by the New Sovereign — How far Applicable to Contracts Concluded Previous to Cession.Jurisdiction — Exterritorial Operation of Legislation — Contract between Nationals in National Territory — Subsequent Cession of Territory — Subsequent Legislation by the New Sovereign — Effect on Parties Abroad.