Parts Of Radish Research Articles

Anthracene Absorption and Concentration Dynamics in Radishes

This study examined the absorption and concentration of anthracene (AN) in the garden radish. Experiments were conducted to grow radishes from the sowing stage in soil contaminated with AN and to grow radishes in soil contaminated with AN following maturity (27 days after sowing). Regarding growth in the AN-containing soil from sowing onward, the AN concentrations during the growing period in both the soil and radishes decreased exponentially over time, albeit with a time lag. Regarding growth in the AN-containing soil after maturity, the AN concentrations in the roots and leaves had a higher density than those in the stems. In these experiments, positive relationships between the AN levels in the soil and radishes were observed. It was inferred that the greater the degree of soil contamination, the greater the effect was on the amount of AN assimilated by radishes. The concentration ratio (radish-to-soil; Cr/Cs) decreased exponentially with the number of days following AN application. It was interpreted that AN was significantly absorbed in the early stages of radish growth and some of the AN returned to the soil as the growth period progressed. According to the results regarding the change over time in the Cr/Cs content in radish parts, it is suggested that soil AN was well absorbed through the roots to circulate within the organism, and it is preferentially distributed and accumulated in the roots and leaves, which have high organic matter content.

Appearance and Chemical Characteristics of Seeds of Radish with Different Skin Colors

Background: Different parts of radish, such as the roots, leaves, and seeds, can be used in culinary and traditional medicine treatments in East Asia. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the difference of Raphani Semen (RS) which is sourced from radishes (R) with red skin (RRS), green skin (GRS), and white skin (WRS) through their appearance and chemical characteristics. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 batches of RRS, GRS, and WRS products were collected. The length, width, thickness, shape, flavor, and skin color of RS were carried out using vernier caliper and flavor rating assessment, respectively. The HPLC-DAD method was used to establish fingerprint analysis and measure the contents of sinapine thiocyanate and 3,6’-disinapoyl sucrose. Results: It was shown that the appearance and content varied in RRS, GRS, and WRS. In addition, the method of PLS-DA and LDA can differentiate RRS, GRS, and WRS. Conclusion: RS is diverse, and the appearance and chemical characteristics can be used to differentiate RRS, WRS, and GRS.

The accumulation of element and heavy metal concentrations in different parts of some carrot and radish types.

Vegetables, which are an important part of human nutrition, are very rich in minerals necessary for human health, and heavy metals can be found in vegetables at high rates because they can be easily taken by plant roots and leaves. In this study, the macro, micro element and heavy metal element concentrations accumulated in different parts of some carrot and radish types were investigated. The element concentrations in the samples were analyzed by Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; Varian-Vista Model) equipment. P, K, Ca, Mg and S contents of the head of orange and black carrot samples were determined as 602.30 and 727.23mg/kg, 19,790.91 and 22,230.21mg/kg, 1765.66 and 1609.41mg/kg, 580.34 and 660.79mg/kg and 376.21 and 4444.46mg /kg respectively. Also, exterior parts of orange and black carrots contained 281.65 and 336.43mg/kg P, 7768.37 and 10,109.44mg/kg K, 169.88 and 272.18mg/kg Ca, 112.08 and 189.28mg/kg Mg and 135.43 and 217.60mg/kg S, respectively. P and K contents of the head parts of radish samples (white, red and black radish) were determined between 302.14 (red radish) and 1111.53mg/kg (black radish) to 13,717.2 (red radish) and 22,202.4mg/kg (white radish), respectively. Fe amounts of the roots of radish samples changed between20.47 (red radish) and 45.93mg/kg (white radish). As and Ba were the most abundant heavy metals in both carrot and radish parts. The Ni contents of the parts of the carrots contain more than 50% lower than the head part. Also, while Pb contents of the parts of orange carrot change between 0.189µg/g (interior of body) and 0.976µg/g (shell), Pb amounts of the black carrot parts were recorded between 0.136 (head) and 0.536µg/g (interior of body). The results obtained differed according to the vegetable type and parts. The head part of the radishes was the richest in zinc, followed by root, shell, exterior of body and interior of body in descending order. In general, the parts where heavy metals were most localized were the head and shell parts. The most localized parts of heavy metals in radishes were the head, shell and root parts. As a result, the most of the edible inner parts of carrots and radishes are thought to have a positive effect on human health, since their heavy metal content is low.

Effect of bio-nano-selenium on yield, nutritional quality and selenium content of radish

In order to improve the added value and functionality of radish, an agricultural strategy of bio-nano-selenium was established in this study. Using bio-nano-selenium as an exogenous source of selenium fortification, foliar sprays were applied with different concentration gradients and fertilization periods to study its effects on radish yield, quality traits and selenium content in various parts. The results showed that exogenous selenium supplementation increased the root to leaf ratio of radish (125.66%), promoted the underground transfer of nutrients in radish, and increased the yield by 41.56% on average. The soluble solid content (5.85%), content of soluble sugar (25.13%), reducing sugar content (10%) and dry matter content (3.6%) of radish were increased, but the vitamin C content (15.49%) and water soluble protein content (25%) were decreased, and the crude fiber content was not affected. The bio-nano-selenium had a significant effect on the selenium content of radish parts, in the order of radish leaves > radish peel > radish roots > radish core. In this study, the growth, yield, quality and selenium content of various parts of radish was comprehensively studied by using self-developed bio-nano-selenium for the first time. The results showed that exogenous supplementation of bio-nano-selenium could significantly increase the selenium content of radish and overall promote the growth of radish and improve yield and quality traits.

Effect of Chromium VI on edible plants and their health risks: case of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Radish (raphanus sativus L) is a vegetable very rich in vitamin C and fiber, this plant belonging to the family Brassicacae characterized by their great capacity to accumulate heavy metals such as Chromium. The aim of our work is the study of the effect of Chromium VI on the morpho-physiological parameters of radish and the assessment of health risk related to the bioaccumulation of Cr in the edible parts. The plantation of radish was made on a soil artificially contaminated by 4 concentrations of Cr(VI) (10, 20, 40 and 60ppm). After comparing the results obtained with the results of non-contaminated soil, it is observed that the Cr affects negatively the growth, yield and the content of chlorophyll, On the other hand, it is noticed that there is a slight increase of sugars, proteins and Proline content with the increase of CrVI concentration in the soil, we can explain this increase by the development of defense mechanisms by the radish plant against the stress caused by CrVI. Regarding the bioaccumulation of Cr we found that the concentration of Cr in different parts of radish is too high compared to the recommended daily dose (120µg), so it is not recommended to consume radish grown in areas contaminated by Cr.

Investigation of Contaminated Soils and Plants by Mn in Manganese Mining Area in Xiushan Autonomous County of Chongqing

The manganese contents of soils and dominant plants from the manganese mining areas in Xiushan autonomous county of Chongqing were researched in this paper. The results showed that the Mn pollution of soil in the Mn mining tailings were very serious with high indexes (Igeo>5), and sewage irrigated soil was also contaminated by manganese metal. The uptake of Mn by dominant plants can be classified into three types according to the Mn contents in plant shoots and roots, (1) the accumulator which absorbs a large content of Mn by the roots and transports it to the shoots, (2) the root compartment which also absorbs a large content of Mn but mainly in the roots, and (3) the excluder which absorbs a smaller content of Mn than the accumulator. The edible parts of radishes and peppers growing in the Mn mining tailings and cropland were all seriously polluted by manganese and not safe for human health.

Microbiota of radish plants, cultivated in closed and open ecological systems

It is common knowledge that microorganisms respond to environmental changes faster than other representatives of the living world. The major aim of this work was to examine and analyze the characteristics of the microbiota of radish culture, cultivated in the closed ecological system of human life-support Bios-3 and in an open system in different experiments. Microbial community of near-root, root zone and phyllosphere of radish were studied at the phases of seedlings, root formation, technical ripeness—by washing-off method—like microbiota of the substrate (expanded clay aggregate) and of the seeds of radish culture. Inoculation on appropriate media was made to count total quantity of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, bacteria of coliform group, spore-forming, Proteus group, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria, growing on Fermi medium, yeasts, microscopic fungi, Actinomyces. It was revealed that formation of the microbiota of radish plants depends on the age, plant cultivation technology and the specific conditions of the closed system. Composition of microbial conveyor-cultivated in phytotrons varied in quality and in quantity with plant growth phases—in the same manner as cultivation of even-aged soil and hydroponics monocultures which was determined by different qualitative and quantitative composition of root emissions in the course of plant vegetation. The higher plant component formed its own microbial complex different from that formed prior to closure. The microbial complex of vegetable polyculture is more diverse and stable than the monoculture of radish. We registered the changes in the species composition and microorganism quantity during plant cultivation in the closed system on a long-used solution. It was demonstrated that during the short-term (7 days) use of the nutrient solution in the experiments without system closing, the species composition of the microbiota of radish plants was more diverse in a multiple-aged vegetable polyculture (61 species of bacteria), than in an even-aged monoculture (32 species). Long-term use (120 days) of the solution for cultivation of multiple-aged vegetable polyculture from different radish parts in the experiment without system closing revealed 50 species, while in the experiment with the closed ecosystem only 39 species of bacteria were detected. It was found out that plant cultivation in a polyculture consisting of nine vegetable cultures is more preferable than in a monoculture, because the microbial complex is more stable, the functioning of elements is more accurate and the crop is higher.

Studies on cooking Chemistry of grated Radish. (Report. I)

Vitamin C contents of grated radish are differrent by the parts of radish as well as the radish varieties, most in the leaves and getting less downwards in the root.The mixture of grated carrot with radish distructs its vitamin C, proportional to the content of carrot. This is supposed to be the action of the ascorbic acid oxydase contained in the carrot, and the addition of a little vinegar fairly protects the destruction of vitamin C.