Lack Of Partner Research Articles

الإشكالات الفقهية الواردة على تكييف المشاركة المتناقصة "شركة ملك"

This research examines the validity of categorizing "Diminishing Musharaka," a product of Islamic financial engineering, as a property partnership between a bank and its customer. Employing a comparative descriptive analytical approach, the study delves into juristic texts pertaining to this topic, meticulously analyzing their content. The primary focus lies in comprehending the concept accurately and subsequently drawing a parallel with the characteristics of a "declining company." The findings of the research indicate that considering Diminishing Musharaka as a property partnership faces challenges due to inherent jurisprudential issues. These issues encompass the impermissibility of profit differentiation when shares are equal and the partner's lack of authority to dispose of their counterpart's share without explicit permission. These legal intricacies give rise to pragmatic complications, constricting the scope of this partnership model. Moreover, they curtail the participants' autonomy in selecting profit percentages and exerting control over the company's funds. The study concludes that categorizing Diminishing Musharaka as a novel company type aligns more accurately with its nature. This categorization circumvents the aforementioned problems, enhancing the flexibility of its application. Consequently, this approach empowers the involved parties to exercise greater freedom in determining profit distribution percentages and making decisions regarding the company's capital. Keywords: Diminishing Musharakah, Islamic finance, jurisprudential consideration, joint ownership, joint venture.

Perceptions of HIV Positive Mothers on Feeding Options for their Potentially HIV Infection-Exposed Infants at Beitbridge Hospital, Zimbabwe

Infant feeding directly affects the nutritional status of children under 2-years of age and, ultimately, impact child survival. Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection brings even more challenges to the feeding practices of HIV positive mothers due to adjustments with the aim of preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission. The perceptions of HIV positive mothers on the feeding options adopted for their exposed infants at Beitbridge District Hospital, Zimbabwe, was explored. A qualitative approach was utilized for the study using purposive sampling to select a sample of 11 mothers on whom in-depth structured interviews were conducted. Knowledge gaps pertaining to the recommended feeding options with most of them not adhering to the ideal feeding options existed amongst HIV naïve mother. Some practiced exclusive breastfeeding, others used mixed feeding. Constraints included culture which has a strong impact on feeding options and lack of partner and family support, coupled with low HIV status disclosure levels. Ways of improving adherence to ideal feeding options were suggested as educating and counselling HIV positive mothers on feeding options and follow-ups to enhance ideal feeding practices. Recommendations were to capacitate the midwives with the requisite information to facilitate education and empowerment of the mothers for informed infant feeding choices through review of curriculum. Review of strategies for enforcing a breastfeeding environment was also recommended. There is also need to address cultural, autonomy and stigma challenges through scaling up psycho-social and gender empowerment strategies for women. Promotion of the integration of HIV infant feeding strategies into other child health services is essential.

English Vowel

In this case the differences that exist in two different languages Pronunciation can be a barrier to communication. A speaker can cause misunderstandings when he mispronounces a word in a foreign language. English has a number and types of sounds that are very different from the number of sounds in that language. Indonesian.Also, a letter with a different word can represent a different sound. The aim of this course is to equip students with knowledge of English vowels so that they can improve the pronunciation of English words to make them better and correct. This training is conducted online via Zoom Media because You are taking the semester through the use of two approaches namely teaching and training.Although not 100% of partners succeed in producing the correct pronunciation, improvements can be seen in the pronunciation of the accompaniment. Partners, meanwhile, had a positive attitude toward the activity through active participation in the training provided and also satisfaction. From the survey data provided by the service team, partners were identified as part of the campaign.Barriers encountered during the activity were due to the partner's lack of confidence and the influence of the partner's mother tongue.

Factors Hindering Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Service Uptake among HIV Positive Women at Comboni Hospital Kyamuhunga Bushenyi District

In the absence of preventive measures HIV infected mothers transmit the infection to their babies during pregnancy delivery and breastfeeding. However, improving eMTCT service uptake and continuum of care still remains a significant impediment in the western region of Uganda. The study was to explore factors hindering eMTCT service uptake among HIV positive women at Comboni Hospital Kyamuhunga. A descriptive cross-section design was used and majorly simple random sampling was employed with a number of 36 respondents and interviewed response were analysed using SPSS version to determine the association between the independent and dependent variable. The findings of the study revealed that there are a range of factors that hinder HIV positive women on eMTCT service uptake, disclosure of HIV status with 77.7%, lack of partner and family support with 75%, dependence on partners with 80.6%, long waiting times at facility and no linkage to support groups with 33.3%and 47.2% respectively. In conclusion Strengthening community awareness on the importance of eMTCT service uptake, improving on time management by health workers, engaging male involvement in eMTCT care, improve youth friendly services, empowering women, putting emphasis on disclosure of status and supporting young mothers is so crucial. Keywords: elimination, mother to child transmission, HIV service uptake, HIV positive women

Bangkit Lebih Cepat: Melalui Program Pendampingan SDM dan Perencanaan Usaha Dengan Memanfaatkan Aplikasi Marketplace di Masa Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 pada Toko Sembako “Winda Jaya” Surabaya

As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia in 2020, it has resulted in a decline in the economy and activities in various sectors and regions of Indonesia. In 2023, the economic condition, which was in shock due to the Covid-19 pandemic, is gradually improving in line with the stability of the domestic financial market and the stretching of several economic sectors. The Government of Indonesia has declared that this year our economy must recover more quickly by making policy steps to strengthen the economy accompanied by transparent prioritization and proper policy coordination and synchronization. The community service team at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Surabaya University of Technology feels compelled to participate in the success of government programs by creating HR assistance programs and business planning by utilizing marketplace applications in the post-Covid-19 pandemic for business development and increasing sales turnover. The accompanying partner this time is the "Winda Jaya" Surabaya staple food shop, which sells various basic household needs such as rice, sugar, coffee and others. The community service team at the Faculty of Economics and Business tries to identify problems based on the collected data. After further analysis, the community service team formulated the problem as follows: (1) Lack of partner's understanding of management functions and how to manage HR, (2) Lack of partner's understanding of making good business plans, (3) Partner's lack of understanding about tips and tricks for successfully utilizing marketplace applications. The method used is divided into 3 (three) stages, namely the preparation stage, the activity implementation stage and the closing stage. The results of this community service activity are an increase in understanding by companion partners of management science material, procedures for managing human resources, making a good business plan and how to use marketplace applications for business development. This community service activity (PkM) is in the framework of implementing the Tridharma of Higher Education and also supports the Surabaya City Development Synergy Program

Read Aloud Melalui Cerita Rakyat Dari Pendalungan

Instilling moral values ​​through read aloud has the potential to be developed. This type of training serves to instill moral values ​​contained in the culture of pendalungan and provide knowledge about read aloud. Especially if the knowledge of the culture of pendalungan can be introduced directly to children. Mitra is the Almuna Creative community owned by Dania Puspitasari. The proposing team intends to collaborate to carry out read aloud training through folklore from Pendalungan. As for what partners are currently facing are: (a) partner's lack of understanding about guidance to parents in choosing the right books for children, (b) partner's lack of understanding about the importance of reading aloud through folklore from pendalungan, and (c) partner's lack of understanding about the folklore of pendalungan. Thus, based on the observations and presentations that have been described, the problems and solutions offered by the PKM Team can be obtained in the read aloud training activities through folklore from Pendalungan. The activities carried out in this PKM are given through the lecture method with a participatory learning approach with an emphasis on the principle of learning by doing. By understanding the presentation of this PKM activity, participants can be moved in conveying messages through folklore from Pendalungan. The PKM team gave presentations on: (a) guidance to parents in choosing the right books for children, (b) the importance of reading aloud through folklore from pendalungan, and (c) folklore from pendalungan. The results obtained during the activity included: a) PKM participants had guidelines in choosing the right books for children, (b) PKM participants had the ability to convey messages through reading aloud strategies based on fun folklore from pendalungan, (c) PKM participants had understanding of folklore from pendalungan as a strategy for instilling moral values.

Tocophobia

ABSTRACT Introduction Fear of childbirth is common during pregnancy and is believed to be the most common underlying reason for requesting a caesarean section without medical indication. Despite the fact that 17%-20% of all pregnant women report extreme fear of birth, named tocophobia, in ICD -10 International Classification for Disease-10 revision – ICD-10,) there is not established diagnose Tocophobia, which can also occurs in non-pregnant women and in men. Primary tocophobia may have its onset in adolescence, affecting nulliparous women to such degree that some women never bear a child. They also describe sexual dysfunction as vaginismus and non-consummation. Secondary tocophobia may be associated with a previous traumatic birth experience such as stillbirth. Tocophobia is not just associated with antenatal psychological morbidity, but also raised rates of postnatal depression, impact on the mental well-being of the baby for life, increased length of labour, lower birth weights and increased prevalence (8%) of admission to neonatal intensive care. They can have feelings of isolation, guilt and shame, difficulties to prepare for birth. They may have sleeplessness, nightmares, stomachaches and depression with anxiety that can leads to panic attacks. Women may also be concerned with pain, their own incapability, possible obstetric injuries, lack of control, lack of partner or family support, and loss of their baby. The interventions included psychosexual education, cognitive behavioural sex therapy. Therapeutic interventions reduce the number of women who go on to have caesarean birth. Tocophobia is a common condition with both acute and chronic implications for the welfare of mothers and babies. It can cause not only mental but also physical morbidity and needs a clear both plan for the care of women and her specific fears. Objective Couple has started with couple sex therapy for his problems with erection before they have children. They are married; they have already two children (5y, 3y). She has recently discovered that she is pregnant for the third time and she is in gestational week 8. As nulliparous woman, she has developed sever tocophobia. She has intensive therapy with clinical psychologist through all first pregnancy time, but she still developed minor postpartum depression but without any need for antidepressants. Methods We present a case of a 40-years old woman with sever tocophobia and the results of the treatment interventions. Results Treatments include sensitive psychosexual education about the birth process, development of problem-solving skills, teaching coping strategies for labour. Conclusions Tocophobia is a common condition with both acute and chronic implications for the welfare of mothers and babies. It can cause not only mental but also physical morbidity and needs a clear both plan for the care of women and her specific fears. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no.

Enablers and barriers to effective parenting within the first 1000\xa0days: an exploratory study of South African parents and primary caregivers in low socio-economic communities

BackgroundThe first 1000 days is the period between conception and a child’s second birthday. Globally, research on parenting is in an advanced stage, but parenting research focusing specifically on parenting in this developmental phase is limited in South Africa. Therefore, this study explores the enablers and barriers to effective parenting within the first 1000 days through the lens of parents and caregivers in low socio-economic communities.MethodsThis study was conducted in communities in South Africa considered low socio-economic communities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. An exploratory qualitative research design explored the enablers and barriers to effective parenting within the first 1000 days of life. Thirty participants were purposively selected and interviewed in this study. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for all interviews. The data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsTwo main categories emerged (effective parenting enablers and effective parenting barriers) during the data analysis. The main enablers of effective parenting within the first 1000 days of life include a support system, healthy behaviours/environment, unemployment/job opportunities, religion, information/knowledge, and professional assistance. On the other hand, the main barriers to effective parenting were low socio-economic circumstances, environmental circumstances, lack of partner’s support, the negative impact of technology, and lack of access to services.ConclusionEnablers that need to be promoted for effective parenting range from support systems to professional assistance for parents. Also, barriers that need to be removed for effective parenting range from low socio-economic circumstances to a lack of partner’s support for parents. This is because effective parenting is vital in improving developmental outcomes for children within the first 1000 days of life. Therefore, there is a need to develop policies and interventions to promote effective parenting within the first 1000 days in the communities.

Psychosocial Risk Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus a Scoping Review

Introduction: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased worldwide and, of course, adverse outcomes for the health of the mother, fetus and neonate, and the resulting healthcare costs have increased. The World Health Organization affirms that healthy lifestyle habits that go with physical, mental, and psychosocial health and range from preconception to postpartum are essential to achieve successful pregnancies. Objective: Conducting a scoping review of the psychosocial risk factors associated with GDM. Materials and Methods: The databases consulted were PubMed / Medline and Cochrane. Studies on psychosocial risk factors in pregnant women older than 18 years, with a diagnosis of GDM, from 2010 to 2020, in English and Spanish, published in peer-reviewed journals, were selected. A standardized data extraction form was developed. Results: 1188 articles on this topic were found, 93 of which were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The findings yielded several main issues such as conflicts with cultural practices, social stigma, influence of ethnicity / race, low educational level, sleep quality, physical limitations, problems with breastfeeding, concern for the health of the mother and baby, low perception of risk of GDM and DM2 in the future, stress, anxiety and depression, limited knowledge about GDM, lack of partner / family / social support, low levels of self-care and self-efficacy in glycemic control, lack of support from health professionals and difficulties with changes in lifestyle. Discussion and Conclusion: All the identified psychosocial risk factors must be taken into account either by adapting existing prevention and promotion programs or by developing new programs. Interventions should not end with pregnancy and the psychological impact and risk of developing T2D after delivery should be considered, as well as multiethnic populations and the most demographically and socioeconomically vulnerable groups. In addition, they should be included in the Clinical Practice Guidelines and in prevention, promotion and intervention programs for the health and quality of life of women with GDM.

Challenges of Parenting Early Adolescents

While research has focused on the challenges of parenting children of toddler or preschool age, or of children with specific conditions, there is a paucity of research exploring parents’ experiences of the challenges of parenting early adolescents. This research explored mothers’ experience of the challenges in parenting their early adolescent children. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with eight mothers indicate that the mothers experienced early adolescence as a period of significant change and challenge for their children and themselves. They framed “good” mothers as those who actively supported their children, prioritized their children’s needs over their own, and disguised their negative emotions. Mothers reported feelings of guilt and failure at falling below perceived parenting standards. Lack of partner and school support and understanding and time constraints were identified as exacerbating factors. This research contributes to a greater understanding of mothering experiences and offers important implications for the support of adolescents and their mothers.

THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE OF MEDICAL TRAINING: DELAYED CHILDBEARING. A SURVEY OF REPRODUCTIVE GOALS AND FERTILITY KNOWLEDGE IN MEDICAL RESIDENTS

To assess reproductive goals and baseline fertility knowledge in residents and fellows across various specialties in a university teaching hospital. Residents and fellows at the McGaw Medical Center program of Northwestern University were invited to attend informational seminars hosted by the REI division. Postgraduate trainees have insurance coverage for infertility and oocyte vitrification. Participants were asked to complete a 38-question REDCap survey to assess their reproductive goals and baseline fertility knowledge prior to the sessions. Answers from the survey were compiled and descriptive statistics were analyzed. 112 residents and fellows attended the seminars and 59 of these attendees completed the survey (54 females and 5 males). with only 3.4% aged 35 or older. The largest percentage of participants were in their third post-graduate year (27.1%) and were training in surgical specialties (35.6%). One third of the participants were single, a third were married, and the remainder were partnered. No participants had children, although 2 experienced infertility and had pursued treatment. Over 80% planned to have children and nearly 90% of those individuals hoped to have their first child by age 35. More than 70% of participants reported that they delayed childbearing due to their career. Other reasons identified for delaying pregnancy included plans for ongoing training (50.8%), as well as concerns about time (49.2%), cost (49.2%), childcare (40.7%), and parental leave (27.1%). Nearly half of participants delayed starting a family due to their partner or lack of partner. Over 70% of participants were not aware of fertility benefits and reported desire to pursue fertility treatment or oocyte cryopreservation if covered by insurance. Barriers to pursuit included cost (74.6%), lack of knowledge regarding the procedure (59.3%), initiation (55.9%), and time commitment (54.2%). Ten percent of participants reported that female fertility does not decline until age 40. One third believed that success with one IVF cycle is 80% in women under 35. Nearly 10% of participants underreported miscarriage rates for all age groups. Sixty-five percent of respondents overestimated the upper age limit for IVF success with autologous oocytes, estimating 50.5 years and 14.3% of participants believed that women over age 60 could conceive with their own eggs. Over 80% recognized that males continuously produce sperm but greater than 30% were not aware that sperm concentration decreases with age and 11% were not aware that sperm quality similarly declines. Most medical residents and fellows delay childbearing due to training. Knowledge gaps are highly prevalent in this educated population who desire children but are delaying childbearing. Education focused on the impact of age on fertility and options such as oocyte or embryo cryopreservation should be taught in medical school or during residency training.

Experiences and Reasons of Attrition from Option B+ Among Mothers Under Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Program in Northwest Ethiopia: Qualitative Study.

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus-infected children share the highest risk of death compared with all other age groups, and more than 90% of this viral infection of children was accounted for by transmission from mother to infant. This rate can be prevented and reduced with implementation of option B+ effectively. However, unacceptably high lost follow-up of mothers highly affected the effectiveness of this program. In Ethiopia, only 71% of mothers were adherent on their follow-up. So, this study was aimed to understand the reasons and experiences of lost follow-up of mothers under the prevention of mother to child transmission (option B+) program in North West Ethiopia.MethodsA qualitative study using a case study design was carried out using in-depth interviews among 20 mothers who had started the option B+ treatment protocol but discontinued their follow-up for more than two months, and 6 key informants and individuals who were engaged in management and control of human immunodeficiency virus at Woreda and Zonal level. An unstructured interview guide was used and translated into the local language. Study participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. After written consent was obtained, all study participants’ interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using deductive content analysis.ResultsA total of 26 mothers participated in this study. Accordingly, the most frequently raised reasons were lack of formal education which affects income level, lack of disclosure, lack of partner and family support, absence of male involvement and stigma-discrimination. But, unavailability of option B+ regimens in the nearest health facility or long distance from health facility, discordance and lack of experienced professionals in terms of counseling during initiation were also essential reasons.ConclusionEducational and economic empowerment intervention (particularly for vulnerable households), promoting family support and male involvement, active counseling at initiation and during follow up and community level awareness improvement should be addressed to increase option B+ regimen adherence and retention.

Elective egg freezing and women's emancipation

All studies show that the primary reason for women to consider elective egg freezing (EEF) is the lack of a partner. The first question then is where this shortage comes from and how it can be remedied. The main cause of the ‘lack of partner’ issue for highly educated women (the group most involved in elective egg freezing) is the reversed gender gap in education. It is concluded that EEF may increase individual reproductive autonomy but does not increase reproductive freedom for the group of highly educated women. Regardless of how many women freeze their eggs, a large number of educated women will eventually have to choose between going it alone as a single mother or looking for another life goal. Finally, some possible policy measures are proposed to reduce the gender gap and thus remove the real cause of the problem.

Exploring women's attitudes, knowledge, and intentions to use oocyte freezing for non-medical reasons: A systematic review.

Women are postponing childbearing and preventing age-related fertility decline with oocyte freezing for non-medical reasons (OFNMR). The objective of this systematic evaluation was to gain an understanding of women's attitudes and knowledge of, and intentions to use OFNMR among users of OFNMR and the general public. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PyschINFO databases was undertaken, for studies that examined the psychosocial attitudes among women toward OFNMR. The search was limited to English language and no time restriction was set for publications. Extracted data were analyzed using thematic analysis and the study was performed according to PRISMA guidelines with prospective PROSPERO registration (CRD4201912578). Overall, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were broadly categorized into studies investigating users or potential users of OFNMR, and studies examining the views of members of the general public. Users of OFNMR have good knowledge of age-related fertility decline and awareness of the OFNMR procedure. Lack of partner was identified as the most common motivating factor to undertake OFNMR, with cost as a predominant concern. Knowledge among the general public of OFNMR is highly variable. Underestimation of age-related fertility decline is common among the general public. Intentions of women to use OFNMR also varied drastically between studies. Women are predominantly motivated to freeze eggs by the lack of a suitable partner, but cost is a significant barrier. Increasing the number of women pursuing OFNMR at an earlier stage may positively impact upon the risk of future involuntary childlessness. Better information should be made available to both women and men about their fertility and options to inform their reproductive decision-making.

Gençlerin Kış Sporlarına Katılım Kısıtlarının İncelenmesi: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Örneği

Winter tourism has made a rapid development in terms of both supply and demand, especially since the 1960s. The current reports reveal that there is a deceleration in the growth rate of winter tourism market in last 15 years and that participation rate of people to winter sports got slower. From this viewpoint, it is aimed to determine the winter sports participation constraints of young people who constitute the large part of the winter tourism market. In this context, a questionnaire was applied to Gumushane University students and a sample of 457 people was reached. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, T-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. According to the results, most important constraint was “financial insufficiency” for the youth. Following “financial insufficiency” related constraints, lack of partner, finding unattractive, fear-danger and social anxiety come. Significant differences were found between people in different income, gender, and recreational preferences groups in terms of various constraints. In addition, it is found that factors of “fear-danger” and “finding unattractive” have significant negative effect on the interest levels of participants for winter sports.

Profile of sexuality and symptoms of lower urinary tract in non-institutionalized elderly.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Urinary or sexual dysfunction in the elderly are underreported. However, they are highly prevalent. This study aims to identify the prevalence of these conditions.Objective:The aim is to carry out an investigation in non-institutionalized individuals over 60 years of age, to obtain data on its sexual and urinary health in São Paulo, Campinas, Santo André and Londrina.Results:6.000 questionnaires were distributed, and 3425 were included in the study, for the analysis of the questionnaires separately. In relation to ADAM, 92% of the 1385 evaluated were suspicious of androgen deficiency (ADAM). As for the male sexual function, it was observed 37% of premature ejaculation. As for the female sexual function, 1300 (74%) did not practice sexual intercourse and the main reasons were: lack of partner and lack of sexual desire. In addition, 988 (78%) of women who had no sexual intercourse responded that they didn't want sex and, more importantly, about 22% of them would like to have sexual intercourse. International prostate symptom score (IPSS) showed gradual worsening of urinary symptoms with increasing age, being the most prevalent: nocturia and urinary urgency. As for the female IPSS, we noted that even after 80 years, the majority have mild symptoms related to voiding dysfunction; with increasing age there is a gradual increase in the result of the IPSS.Conclusion:Due to the large number of sexual and urinary disorders found, we recommend the improvement in health conditions, promoting a better quality of life in the elderly.

A questionnaire-based study on contraceptive practice in patients with rheumatic disease found no significant difference in age-matched healthy controls.

Birth control is crucial in preventing unplanned pregnancy. The study analyzed contraceptive practice in women and men with rheumatic disease. A questionnaire-based study investigated the actual contraceptive practices in patients of reproductive age from three European countries and compared them to age-matched healthy women and men. Associations between patient characteristics and contraception behavior were analyzed by association analysis. No significant difference in the frequency of contraception use was found in 133 rheumatic patients compared to 122 healthy controls. The main reason for not using contraception was lack of partner or the wish to become pregnant, whereas the current use of contraception was predominantly to limit family size in general or at this stage of life. Both patients and controls preferred barrier methods (48% and 45%, respectively) followed by hormonal contraceptives (31% and 38%, respectively). Characteristics associated with less use of contraception in patients were living single, having no children, and for being religious, whereas gender and education had no influence. Treatment with teratogenic drugs was no major patient concern, and 13 of 30 female patients using methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or leflunomide did not practice birth control. Patients used contraception less frequently than healthy individuals, and the main reason for use was to limit family size. Contraception should be an integral part of counseling patients of fertile age, since the patient-preferred methods in case of active disease or therapy with teratogenic drugs were unreliable for the prevention of pregnancy.

Men's beliefs about treatment for erectile dysfunction-what influences treatment use? A systematic review.

Successful treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with improvements in quality of life; however, treatment utilisation is sub-optimal. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the rates of ED treatment utilisation and the barriers and enablers men experience when using treatment. We searched: MEDLINE®, Embase, the Cochrane library; AMED; HMIC; HTA; CINAHL; PsychARTICLES; PsychINFO up to August 2018. Data on rates of treatment utilisation and barriers and enablers of utilisation were extracted and summarised. Fifty studies were included. Discontinuation rates ranged from 4.4 to 76% for phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 18.6 to 79.9% for intracavernosal injections, and 32 to 69.2% for urethral suppositories. In relation to those with a penile prosthesis, 30% discontinued having sex due to, e.g. device complications, lack of partner or a loss of sexual interest. Most research included in the current review examined barriers to treatment utilisation and therefore focussed on reasons for discontinuing treatment. However, a small number explored factors that men found helpful with regards to treatment utilisation. The most prevalent barriers to utilisation were treatment ineffectiveness, side effects, the quality of men's intimate relationships and treatment costs. With regards to treatment enablers, the most salient finding was that men who reported side effects to a healthcare professionals (HCPs) were significantly less likely to discontinue treatment. There were limitations in methodology in that the studies did not use validated measures of treatment utilisation or barriers and enablers and no study used psychological theory to inform the examination of factors that influenced treatment utilisation. This review identifies a number of influential factors relating to ED treatment utilisation and highlights the importance of men's beliefs with regards to ED and its treatment. Beliefs are potentially modifiable and therefore the findings of this review highlight important considerations for HCPs with regards to supporting men to make better use of treatment.

Elective egg freezing: what is the vision of women around the globe?

Aim:The interest in oocyte cryopreservation (OC) for nonmedically indicated reasons is increasing. Knowing women’s beliefs and knowledge from various geographic regions could help providers to understand the similarities and differences that could facilitate proper counseling.Materials & methods:Articles about social egg freezing published over the past 18 years were extracted from the literature.Results:We demonstrated that there are common rationales toward OC among women in the USA and other countries. The ultimate goal was to prolong fertility. The most commonly reported reasons were aging, lack of partner, career and financial status.Conclusion:The beliefs and rationales toward elective OC among women in the USA and other countries are consistent.

Single women and motherhood: right now or maybe later?

Purpose: The decision to have a child might be postponed by the lack of partner, and elective egg freezing (EEF) can afford single women more time to find a suitable companion to reach the desired family structure. Alternatively, some women decide to have a child on their own thorough in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI) with donor sperm. This study investigates the motivations and personal characteristics of single women undergoing IVF/IUI or EEF.Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 281 heterosexual single women who underwent either IVF/IUI with donor sperm for solo motherhood (208) or EEF (73) in 2015 at a large fertility center. An anonymous electronic survey was sent after starting the treatment.Results: The most common reason for not having fulfilled the motherhood desire was lack of partner (72.4% IVF/IUI and 65.9% EEF). We found that women undergoing IVF/IUI report a longer motherhood desire, >10 years (71.3% vs. 54.3%), live closer to their families (75.5% vs. 56.5%), and perceive a stronger family support than women undergoing EEF (85.4% vs. 68.8%). Finally, 100% of EEF obviously knew about the possibility of IVF/IUI with donor sperm, while 59.9% of IVF/IUI knew about EEF.Conclusion: Our results underscore the relevance of family ties in the decision to undergo IVF/IUI as single women. Moreover, these women might not be fully informed about social freezing as an option to postpone motherhood. Health professionals should be aware of these differences when counseling single women on fertility choices.