Partners Online Research Articles

Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus-related risky sexual behaviors between men who have sex with men only and men who have sex with men and women: A cross-sectional study in Eastern China

BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) are a significant population contributing to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the heterogeneity in MSM. The characteristics of men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) may differ from men who have sex with men only (MSMO). MethodsFrom October 2022 to March 2023, a cross-sectional study for MSM was conducted in Eastern China. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors of participants. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the differences in HIV-related risky sexual behaviors between MSMO and MSMW. ResultsA total of 1993 MSM were enrolled in the study, with 1221 MSMO and 772 MSMW. Compared to MSMW, MSMO reported younger age at first anal sex, higher coerced homosexual experiences, and observed different characteristics of sexual behavior in the past six months. Multivariable analysis indicated that MSMW were more likely to seek casual partners and use stimulants online and offline. MSMW showed inconsistent condom use with online partners (aOR = 0.51, 95 %CI: 0.38–0.68) and more frequent anal sex after drinking (aOR = 2.27, 95 %CI: 1.54–3.35). They also had higher risks of commercial (aOR = 2.47, 95 %CI: 1.71–3.57) and group sexual behaviors (aOR = 1.88, 95 %CI: 1.24–2.83) compared to MSMO. ConclusionOur findings suggest that the differential factors may lead MSMW to become a subgroup at high risk of HIV infection. The gender identity and sexual orientation within MSM should be considered when formulating acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control strategies.

Dating Applications versus Meeting Face-to-Face: What Is Better for Romantic Relationship Quality?

The use of dating applications has increased over time, as recent data illustrate that meeting online is one of the most popular ways for couples to meet in the United States. Yet, the perceptions of using dating applications and how the applications were developed may hinder the quality of relationships that form using dating applications. The goal of this study is to examine the difference in relationship quality based on whether a relationship is initiated in person or using a dating application. Data for this study come from 233 college students who completed an online survey. Of the coupled participants (n = 120), 34 met their current partner through a dating application, and of the participants who had previous dating experience (n = 169), 29 met their last partner on a dating application. Conducting independent-samples t-tests, the means of relationship quality were not significantly different for those who met their current or former partner online compared to in person. Although previously stigmatized, the results of this study illustrate that forming relationships on dating applications may be similar in quality to those that are formed in person.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mobile App Use for Meeting Sexual Partners Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Young Transgender Women: Cross-Sectional Study.

Young men who have sex with men and young transgender women (YMSM-YTW) use online spaces to meet sexual partners with increasing regularity, and research shows that experiences of racism online mimics the real world. We analyzed differences by race and ethnicity in web-based and mobile apps used to meet sexual partners as reported by Chicago-based YMSM-YTW in 2016-2017. A racially and ethnically diverse sample of 643 YMSM-YTW aged 16-29 years were asked to name websites or mobile apps used to seek a sexual partner in the prior 6 months, as well as provide information about sexual partnerships from the same period. We used logistic regression to assess the adjusted association of race and ethnicity with (1) use of any website or mobile apps to find a sexual partner, (2) use of a "social network" to find a sexual partner compared to websites or mobile apps predominantly used for dating or hookups, (3) use of specific websites or mobile apps, and (4) reporting successfully meeting a sexual partner online among website or mobile app users. While most YMSM-YTW (454/643, 70.6%) used websites or mobile apps to find sexual partners, we found that Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW were significantly less likely to report doing so (comparing White non-Hispanic to Black non-Hispanic: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.74, 95% CI 1.10-2.76). Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW were more likely to have used a social network site to find a sexual partner (comparing White non-Hispanic to Black non-Hispanic: aOR 0.20, 95% CI 0.11-0.37), though this was only reported by one-third (149/454, 32.8%) of all app-using participants. Individual apps used varied by race and ethnicity, with Grindr, Tinder, and Scruff being more common among White non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW (93/123, 75.6%; 72/123, 58.5%; and 30/123, 24.4%, respectively) than among Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW (65/178, 36.5%; 25/178, 14%; and 4/178, 2.2%, respectively) and Jack'd and Facebook being more common among Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW (105/178, 59% and 64/178, 36%, respectively) than among White non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW (6/123, 4.9% and 8/123, 6.5%, respectively). Finally, we found that while half (230/454, 50.7%) of YMSM-YTW app users reported successfully meeting a new sexual partner on an app, Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW app users were less likely to have done so than White non-Hispanic app users (comparing White non-Hispanic to Black non-Hispanic: aOR 2.46, 95% CI 1.50-4.05). We found that Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW engaged with websites or mobile apps and found sexual partners systematically differently than White non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW. Our findings give a deeper understanding of how racial and ethnic sexual mixing patterns arise and have implications for the spread of sexually transmitted infections among Chicago's YMSM-YTW.

Characteristics of men who have casual sex with men among Chinese university students: A cross-sectional study.

The characteristics of men who have sex with men (either exclusively or with both men and women; MSM) who engaged in casual sex among Chinese male university students have not been compared with the characteristics of men who have sex with only women (MSW). This information is important for tailoring targeted behavioral interventions to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission in this subgroup of MSM. Data were derived from a large cross-sectional electronic questionnaire survey conducted at 13 universities in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2018. Bivariate analyses were used to compare demographic, HIV-related psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics between MSM and MSW students who engaged in casual sex during the previous year. Proportion differences between the two groups and their 95% confidence intervals were analyzed. Among the 583 sexually active male students who engaged in casual sex during the previous year, 128 and 455 were MSM and MSW, respectively. Compared with MSW students, larger proportions of MSM students reported knowing that male-to-male sexual behavior was the main mode of HIV transmission among Chinese students (62.5% vs. 45.5%), consenting to commercial sex (67.2% vs. 53.4%), wanting to know the HIV serostatus of partners before casual sex (65.8% vs. 51.3%), feeling at risk of HIV infection (40.5% vs. 11.8%), high condom-decision scale scores (55.3% vs. 42.6%), engaging in sex with ≥ 5 casual sex partners (44.6% vs. 25.9%), searching for casual partners online (89.2% vs. 51.3%), consuming alcohol before casual sex (64.8% vs. 45.0%), engaging in sex with regular partners (83.1% vs. 67.0%), engaging in commercial sex (54.2% vs. 26.4%), and visiting a clinic for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) (16.4% vs. 8.4%). However, compared with MSW students, smaller proportions of MSM students reported knowing that consistent condom use could prevent HIV transmission (80.5% vs. 95.2%) and that VCT should be actively sought after risky sexual behavior (78.9% vs. 93.8%), using condoms sometimes/often (26.4% vs. 44.3%), and consistently using condoms (28.9% vs. 40.1%) while engaging in sex with casual partners. MSM students who engaged in casual sex were at a greater risk of HIV/STI transmission, compared with MSW students. Comprehensive interventions to address the risks of unprotected male-to-male sex, searching for casual sex partners online, and non-use of HIV testing services are needed to reduce the burden of HIV/STI transmission among this subgroup of MSM.

Partying in Thailand: Never Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Attend Sexualized (Drug) Parties.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing for Thai men who have sex with men (MSM) is suboptimal, which undermines their linkage to care and subsequent HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake. We analyzed a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2021 among Thai MSM who attended any private sex parties or circuit parties in the past 3 years ("sexualized parties"). Of the 424 men included in our analysis, 47.6% had been recently tested for HIV in the past 1 year, 30.2% had not recently been tested, and 22.2% had never been tested. In our multivariable analysis, relative to participants who had recently tested for HIV, those who have never tested were more likely to have lower education or to live outside of Bangkok, and to have attended both circuit and private sex parties (vs. private sex party only) but were less likely to report any sexually transmitted infection diagnosis or to have heard of PrEP. Participants who had an HIV test more than a year ago were more likely to have attended both circuit and private sex parties (vs. private sex parties only) but were less likely to have any sexually transmitted infection diagnosis, meet sexual partners online, or have heard of PrEP. Rates of condomless anal sex and willingness to use PrEP were similar across groups. Despite the high rates of sexual risk-taking, sexualized party attendees reported suboptimal HIV testing uptake. The joint promotion of HIV testing and PrEP is warranted-especially on-premise HIV testing at circuit parties and outreach at online platforms to reach sexualized party attendees.

Sexual network characteristics and partnership types among men who have sex with men diagnosed with syphilis, gonorrhoea and/or chlamydia in Lima, Peru

ObjectivesSexual networks are known to structure sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). We sought to estimate the risks of STI diagnosis for various...

SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS UMKM ASMAMI (ASOSIASI MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN) DI KOTA BONTANG

The ASMAMI organization (Food and Beverage Association) is experiencing problems, namely not having a system that can manage and present geographic information for mapping MSME locations, making it difficult for the community to obtain information on partner data and ASMAMI MSME locations in Bontang City. In addition, the ASMAMI organization in registering and collecting data on partners still uses documents in the form of hardcopy forms. So if there are potential partners who want to register, they must come directly to the ASMAMI secretariat to take and fill out the registration form provided. Meanwhile, document storage is in the form of an archive folder. This has the potential for errors and data loss. In an effort to deal with this problem, an ASMAMI (Food and Beverage Association) MSME Geographic Information System was designed in Bontang City using the CodeIgniter framework. This system was built using the waterfall system development method and tested using the black box method. The results of this study are the MSME Geographic Information System ASMAMI (Food and Beverage Association) in Bontang City which can present maps and profiles of MSMEs and can register and collect data on MSME partners online. In addition, this system is also equipped with a route feature from the visitor's position to the partner's position to be addressed.

PERANCANGAN APLIKASI E-PARTNERSHIP MENGGUNAKAN METODE AGILE BERBASIS WEB PT. INDUSTRI TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA (PERSERO)

PT. The Indonesian Telecommunications Industry is a provider of products and services based on digital service innovation to answer business needs to facilitate automation in consumer company organizations. Every consumer/potential partner who wants to be part of a partnership at PT. The Indonesian Telecommunications Industry previously had to register as a partner manually using a paper registration form for prospective partners, besides that the required documents were still in the form of paper documents that could be lost at any time. The concept of Agile Software Development was coined by Kent Beck and 16 colleagues by stating that agile software development is a way of building software by doing it and helping others build it at once. Agile software development methods or agile methodology is a set of software development methodologies based on iterative development, where requirements and solutions develop through collaboration between organized teams Based on the stages of analysis of admin and user needs, it can be concluded that there are several things that must be considered and made carefully, including the programming structure, database specifications, and user interface design must be in accordance with The e-Partnership system is made to make it easier for companies to provide information about the procurement of goods or services and other informational information. As for partners of PT. The Indonesian Telecommunication Industry makes it easy to get information about procurement and other information. In addition, this system can make it easier for prospective partners to register to become partners online, because to access the main page of procurement information and other information can only be accessed by partners who already have an e-Partnership application account. Admin dashboard made to make it easier to update, add, and delete procurement information and other information. And the information will be informed through the e-Partnership website to the logged in partner.

The Influence of Work Compensation and Flexibility on Job Satisfaction Case Study on Online Ojek Drivers in Bandar Lampung

In the current era of technological development, several technological developments have emerged in the field of transportation, such as online transportation. It is not surprising that there are many start-ups or companies engaged in online transportation. This development creates an application model that can be accessed via mobile phones. The large number of online-based transportation service provider companies makes competition even tougher, so companies must improve the performance of online partners or drivers. For this reason, the performance of online drivers is an important concern for every online transportation company to be able to win the competition. This study aims to determine the effect of compensation and flexibility on job satisfaction of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Bandar Lampung. The research method used is quantitative, namely a process of finding knowledge that uses data in the form of numbers as a tool to analyze information about what you want to know. In this study using a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The population of this study were online motorcycle taxi drivers in Bandar Lampung and 189 people were taken as a sample. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis with the IBM SPSS 26 analysis tool. The results showed that compensation and flexibility have a positive effect on job satisfaction. Companies that provide online transportation services are expected to be able to increase compensation such as salaries, benefits, incentives or performance bonuses and provide flexibility in time and place of work that can be adjusted by online motorcycle taxi drivers. So that with that the job satisfaction of online motorcycle taxi drivers will increase.

Association between where men who have sex with men (MSM) meet sexual partners and chlamydia/gonorrhoea infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in San Diego, California

BackgroundMeeting sex partners online is associated with increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. We examined whether different venues where men who have sex with men (MSM) meet sex partners...

Does Online Dating Challenge Gendered Divisions of Household Labor?

Abstract Online dating has modified how people find and select partners. In addition to outcomes already observed (e.g., exogamy), we argue that by subverting normative dating scripts, online courtship practices may set the course for partnerships that display more egalitarian divisions of routine household labor. This may be particularly true for the married and for lower-educated women, who generally report the least egalitarian allocation of domestic work. Furthermore, we posit that the relationship between meeting context and household labor will be partially explained by the selectivity of those who search for partners online but also by mechanisms specific to online dating that allow for greater relationship quality. We use 2008–2019 German Family Panel (pairfam) data in random-effects regression models to predict sharing of routine housework among women in marital and cohabiting opposite-sex unions (N = 3305). We find that meeting online is associated with greater sharing of housework for married women with lower-education, and that the link is robust even after accounting for observed selection into online dating via entropy balancing weights. Contrary to expectations, partnership quality has no mediating effect. Much of the positive association remains unexplained, suggesting that the different ways men and women negotiate power in the dating phase in digital versus non-digital partner markets may indeed play a role in how gender is enacted later on.

The Small Tourism Enterprise Operators’ Networking in Dealing with the Changing Business Environment

The entrepreneur’s ability to networking is particularly critical when dealing with business turbulence, such as that affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the STE operators manage their networks during the changing business environment affected by earthquake and COVID-19 pandemic in Lombok. Data was collected from twenty-one tourism entrepreneurs through semi-structured observations and interviews, and analyzed using content analysis. The study identifies three categories: parties involved in the network (tourism managers, tourism authorities, transport operators, destination communities, and tourists), linking methods (management network approach) and collaboration objectives (management network objectives). After the earthquake (when business turbulence was still not so intense), STE managers used direct physical contact, social media, and online partners to expand their networks, developing more cooperation (rather than collaboration) to create social exchange benefits. During the COVID-19 pandemic (when business turbulence was more intense), STE managers increased their use of social media to deepen their networks and focused on developing collaborations with a limited number of partners to reap the benefits of economic exchange. This study recommends local government intervention in improving the ability of STE management networks and building online-based networks.

Does the Digital Environment Evoke Anxiety Cycles in Romantic Relationships? The Roles of Social–Interpersonal and Individual Factors in Cyberdating Abuse Perpetration

Cyberdating abuse (CDA) is a complex phenomenon with detrimental consequences for well-being. Previous literature has shown that romantic anxious attachment schemes lead to perpetration of CDA behaviors. However, less attention has been paid to examining factors moderating and mediating the effect of anxious attachment on CDA perpetration. Our research is pioneering in examining (a) the moderating role of gender and the heterosexual script (HS; i.e., gender roles in heterosexual relationships) in the positive association between anxious attachment and CDA perpetration and (b) whether romantic anxious attachment indirectly influences CDA perpetration via electronic partner surveillance (EPS) and online jealousy. Across two cross-sectional studies (N = 698 young adults), we observed that high levels of anxious attachment predicted more frequent perpetration of direct cyberaggression against a partner in men with high HS adherence (vs. low HS), whereas this effect was not found among women. Additionally, we found that the positive association between anxious attachment and cybercontrol perpetration can be mediated through increases in EPS use and frequency of online jealousy. Our research contributes to a better understanding of some factors leading to CDA perpetration and may favor the development of CDA intervention programs based on the violence’s characteristics and gender norms.

Legislative Provisions Concerning Social Security for Online Ojek Drivers in Indonesia

Indonesia's dense population is one of the triggers for the development of online transportation. In addition, many of Indonesia's workforce has low competence or non-skills, so the online motorcycle taxi profession is an option to be able to make ends meet. On the other hand, the status of online ojek drivers is partners, so there is no binding legal principle to be able to fight for the driver's welfare rights. Based on this background, this study aims to describe social security for online drivers based on aspects of legislation, so that it can be used as input for online transportation service providers to be able to make appropriate social security policies. To answer this, this research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The method used to reveal the research phenomenon is the literature review method. Meanwhile, the data source used in this study is the law on work social security. The research topic is social security for online drivers in Indonesia. The results of the study show that in general the state has regulated labor welfare, as explained in Article 34 of the 1945 Act. However, specifically, the government has not provided regulations or laws that explain employment guarantees for workers in the online transportation sector. This condition is a loophole for online transportation entrepreneurs not to provide social security for their partners (online drivers).

Online partner seeking and high-risk behaviour in men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgendered people in Mumbai, India: Implications for prevention strategies.

It is important to understand the current internet-related sexual behaviours of high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM). We designed the present study to understand the types of online/mobile apps used by MSM and male-to-female transgendered people/hijras [TGH] in Mumbai, India. We also compared the internet-related 'partner seeking' and 'sexual behaviours' in MSM and TGH in Mumbai, India. This is a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data collected (April to June 2020) from 8582 MSM and 4163 TGH from five targeted intervention programmes each in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Data on demographics, years of association with the intervention, number and type of online/mobile apps used, sexual behaviours including partners from virtual space and non-virtual (physical) space, group sex, attending parties, mobility for sexual partners, and HIV status were collected. MSM were more likely to have mobile phone (88% vs 51%, p < 0.001) and internet access over the phone (78% vs 27%; p < 0.001) compared with TGH. The common apps used by MSM were Grindr (48%), Facebook (42%), and Blued (36%). MSM were more likely to have partners from virtual space (91% vs 67%; p < 0.001). A higher proportion of MSM had attended parties (28% vs 2%; p < 0.001), had group sex (16% vs 6%; p < 0.001), and were mobile for sex (25% vs 4%). MSM and TGH who had partners from virtual space were significantly more likely to report 'missed a condom at least once during penetrative sex in the past one week' (17% vs 12%; p<0.001). In HIV positive MSM, group sex, parties, and mobility for sex, were only in those who reported partners from the virtual space. Internet-based interventions for MSM should be incorporated in the existing targeted intervention programme and outreach workers should be trained in virtual outreach services. Among TGH, given the low reach and use of smartphones and apps, internet-based interventions may not be such a useful option, and the existing physical targeted intervention programmes should be strengthened.

Help-Seeking and Barriers to Service Use amongst Men with Past-Year Suicidal Ideation and not in Contact with Mental Health Services

Objective Men are less likely than women to engage with formal mental health services for suicidality. We describe the sources of support, barriers to service use, and coping strategies of men with past-year suicidal ideation who are not receiving formal mental health services. Method Australian men experiencing past-year suicidal ideation who also did not receive formal mental health services within the past year (n = 176) completed a survey that assessed help-seeking behaviors, coping strategies and styles, use of general services, barriers to service use, and individual-level characteristics. Analyses included descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses. Results The most common type of support was self-help resources, and self-reliance was the most common barrier to formal mental health service use. Most participants had seen a GP for non-mental-health-related reasons in the past year. Men who did not seek any help for their suicidality experienced lower instrumental barriers and perceived need for support, and lower levels of certain coping styles. Limitations included a cross-sectional design and small sample size. Conclusion The current study provides insight into the help-seeking experiences of men with past-year suicidality and not receiving formal mental health services. The findings suggest it may be helpful to improve the linkage between online and informal sources of support and evidence-based interventions. HIGHLIGHTS Online self-help, friends, and partners were the most commonly used sources of help. A subset of men (42%) with lower perceived need for help did not seek any support. Despite no past-year formal mental health service use, 80% of the men had seen a GP.

Xu hướng nhiễm HIV và một số hành vi nguy cơ lây nhiễm HIV ở nam quan hệ tình dục đồng giới tại Cần Thơ, An Giang, giai đoạn 2017 – 2020

Objective: To describe the HIV infection tendencies and risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Can Tho and An Giang between 2017 and 2020. Method: Repeated cross-sectional study design based on the analysis of HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS) data collected in An Giang and Can Tho between 2017 and 2020. A trend analysis is applied to evaluate the changes in HIV infection and high-risk behaviors over time. Result: HIV prevalence is 16.3% of the MSM population, an increase from 14.4% to 19%, with a rising trend among those aged 25 and older. MSMs are increasingly more likely to have sex relationships at younger ages, engage in prostitution, group sexual activity, regularly have sex without using a condom, look for sexual partners online, use stimulants, and have syphilis. The percentage of MSM who receive free condoms, STIs testing and treatment is decreasing. Conclusion: The HIV transmission among MSM in the two middle provinces of the Cuu Long River Delta raises alarm, particularly with the current relatively high rate of HIV infection among young individuals. With the insufficient coverage of HIV preventive programs, several HIV-transmitted risk behaviors worsen. These two provinces should prioritize comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention interventions with an emphasis on MSM. Key words: Trend analysis, HIV, MSM, risk behaviors, HSS

How to Find Mr/Miss Right? The Mechanism of Search Among Online Daters in Shanghai

Although online dating tools have become increasingly diverse over the decades, little is known about the search strategies of individuals or their choices of using certain dating platforms. Based on interviews with 29 heterosexual, highly-educated daters conducted in Shanghai, we examine their strategies for finding a partner online. Online daters can be categorized into three distinct dating types depending on their mating goals and mate preferences: dating, xiangqin (matchmaking), and mixed. We investigated the underlying gendered factors that drove them to specific dating types and guided their choices of online dating platforms. Despite the heterogeneity in dating types, online dating exhibited homophily effects, which may reinforce social inequality in China’s marriage market. While existing research often contrasted online dating with “traditional venues” and used online dating to symbolize modernity, we illustrate the subtlety between xiangqin and dating, thereby challenging the widely-used dichotomy of traditionality and modernity in conceptualizing family-related behaviors.

HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among young tertiary student men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nairobi, Kenya: a respondent-driven sampling survey

BackgroundYoung men who have sex with men (MSM), are a key population at higher risk of HIV infection yet they are underrepresented in research. We conducted a bio-behavioral survey to estimate HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among tertiary student MSM (TSMSM) in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsBetween February and March 2021, 248 TSMSM aged ≥ 18 years who reported sex with another man in the past year participated in a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) based cross-sectional survey. Participants completed an electronically self-administered behavioral survey and provided a blood sample for HIV antibody testing, alongside urine, anorectal and oropharyngeal swabs for pooled testing of sexually transmitted infections using a multiplex nucleic acid amplification test. RDS-Analyst v.0.72 and Stata v.15 software were used for data analysis. Differences in proportions were examined using chi-square (χ2) test, and unweighted multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with HIV infection.ResultsHIV prevalence among study participants was 8.3%, whereas the weighted prevalence was 3.6% (95% CI: 1.3–6.0%). Median ages of participants, and at self-reported first anal sex with a man were 21(interquartile range [IQR] 20-22) and 18 (IQR 17-19) years, respectively. A majority (89.3%) of TSMSM owned a smart phone, 46.5% had ever used a geosocial networking app for MSM such as Grindr ® to find a sex partner, and a third (33.6%) met their last sex partner online. Almost three-quarters (71.3%) had > 1 male sex partner in the year before the survey. A third (34.3%) did not use condoms with their last sex partner, 21.2% received money from their last sex partner and 40.9% had taken alcohol/another drug during their last sexual encounter. HIV infection was associated with studying in private institutions (adjusted odds ratio[AOR] = 6.0; 95% confidence intervals [CI] : 1.2–30.0, p = 0.027), preferring a sex partner of any age—younger, same or older (AOR = 5.2; 95 CI: 1.1–25.2, p = 0.041), last sex partner being > 25 years (AOR = 6.4; 95% CI: 1.2–34.6, p = 0.030), meeting the last sex partner online (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI; 1.1–17.0, p = 0.043) and testing positive for Neisseria gonorrhea (AOR = 7.8; 95% CI: 2.0–29.9, p = 0.003).ConclusionsHIV prevalence among TSMSM in Nairobi is alarmingly high, demonstrating a need for tailored prevention and control interventions for this young key population.

A psychometric analysis of the Relationship Attribution Measure–Online Behavior

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to develop and evaluate a measure of attributions about partner online behavior.BackgroundThe attributions that intimate partners make for one another's actions foreshadow deterioration in relationship satisfaction. Although online communication is now pervasive, tools for assessing the attributions partners make for online behavior (e.g., why a partner hasn't responded to a text message) are not yet available.MethodCollege students (Sample 1) and individuals recruited via Qualtrics panels (Sample 2) completed an online survey assessing attributions, relationship satisfaction, attachment anxiety, jealousy, and depression.ResultsThe Relationship Attribution Measure–Online Behavior (RAM‐OB) is internally consistent, unifactorial, and reasonably stable. Maladaptive attributions (i.e., internal, stable, and global explanations for negative behavior) are negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction and positively correlated with attachment anxiety, jealousy, and depression (Study 1). Further, we demonstrate that maladaptive attributions covary with lower levels of relationship satisfaction even after controlling for anxious attachment, jealousy, and depression, and that the relationship between attributions and satisfaction is stronger for women and for people living with lower incomes (Study 2).ConclusionThe RAM‐OB is a reliable and valid measure of the attributions partners make about online behavior.ImplicationsThe availability of the RAM‐OB may create new opportunities for understanding the role of technology and media‐related behaviors in intimate relationships.